A General Linear Model Approach: Development Of Psychological Well-Being, Remote Working, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, Scales, Data Analysis And Reporting Concerning To Information Technology Sector
Keywords:
Psychological well-being, Cronbach’s alpha, sub-scale, reliability, data analysisAbstract
In this article the author elaborates on the construction and development of Remote Working, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, Psychological well-being Scales, and the appropriated statistical methods needed to analyze the respondent’s data, reporting the results, using secondary data, with psychological well-being as a dependent variable. The measurement scales constructed are remote working 18 items, with 4 sub-scales; job engagement 20 items with 5 sub-subscales, work-life balance 18 items are the independent factors, which have a causal effect on a dependent factor psychological well-being of an employee which has 8 items with 6 sub-scales. The reliability of the survey instrument assessed measuring reliability statistic Cronbach alpha, construct validity, and content validity are tested using face validity and convergent validity taking expert opinion and factor analysis respectively. As the study is measuring six dependent variables related to the psychological well-being of an employee, the author has used the statistical procedure generalized linear model a multivariate multiple regression model, which allows more than one dependent variable in the system and the results were inferences and presented. The measured Cronbach’s alpha value indicates that the overall survey instrument was reliable and maintained internal consistency. The results of GLM indicate statistically gender and age differences that are influencing the psychological well-being of an employee. A notable observation was Self-Acceptance was statistically significant and influenced by almost all the predictor variables. The results were presented in detail and inferences provided wherever appropriate
Downloads
References
Adam Steptoe, A., Deaton, A., & Stone, A. A. (2015). Psychological wellbeing, health and ageing. Lancet, 385(9968), 640. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0
. Brim, O. G., Ryff, C. D., & Kessler, R. C. (Eds.). (2019). How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife. University of Chicago Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1253477/
. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques: 3d Ed. New York: Wiley
. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.
Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
. De Simone, S., Planta, A., & Cicotto, G. (2018). The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses' turnover intention and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 130-140.
1016/j.apnr.2017.11.004
. Greer, T. W., & Payne, S. C. (2014). Overcoming telework challenges: Outcomes of successful telework strategies. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17(2), 87-111. doi:10.1037/mgr0000014 https://doi.org/10.1037/mgr0000014
. Gu, B., Tan, Q., & Zhao, S. (2019). The association between occupational stress and psychosomatic wellbeing among Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional survey. Medicine, 98(22). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015836
. Hackman, J., & Lawler, E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph, 55, 259-286. doi:10.1037/h0031152
. Hickman, A. (2019). Workplace Isolation Occurring in Remote Workers. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Thesis. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6902/
. Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl000018
. Kahn, W. A. (1990) Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work, Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
. Muralidhar, B., Prasad, K. D. V. & Mruthyanjaya Rao, m. (2020). Association among Remote Working Concerns and Challenges on Employee Work-Life Balance: An Empirical Study Using Multiple Regression Analysis with Reference to International Agricultural Research Institute, Hyderabad. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology 11(6), 281-297.
34218/IJARET.11.6.2020.025
. Poudel, A., Gurung, B. & Khanal, G.P. (2020). Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self- esteem. BMC Psychology 8, 43 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00409-1.
. Prasad, K.D.V., Vaidya, R., & Kumar, V. A. (2016). Teacher’s Performance as a Function of Occupational Stress and Coping with Reference to CBSE Affiliated School Teachers in and around Hyderabad: A Multinomial Regression Approach. Psychology, 7(13), 1700-1718. DOI:10.4236/psych.2016.713160
. Prasad, K. D. V., & Vaidya, R. W. (2020). Association among Covid-19 parameters, occupational stress and employee performance: An empirical study with reference to Agricultural Research Sector in Hyderabad Metro. Sustainable Humanosphere, 16(2), 235-253. https://bit.ly/2YJ644Y
. Prasad, K. D. V., Vaidya, R., & Anil Kumar, V. (2015). A study on causes of stress among the employees and its effect on the employee performance at the workplace in an International Agricultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy, 4(4), 68-
. Prasad, K D V, Rao, M., Vaidya, D. R., & Muralidhar, B. (2020). Organizational Climate, Opportunities, Challenges and Psychological Wellbeing of the Remote Working Employees during COVID-19 Pandemic: A General Linear Model Approach with Reference to Information Technology Industry in Hyderabad. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(4): 372-379. https://bit.ly/36FkHul
. Prasad, K. D. V., Vaidya, R., & Mangipudi, M. (2020). Effect of Occupational Stress and Remote Working on Psychological Wellbeing of Employees: An Empirical Study During Covid-19 Pandemic with Reference to Information Technology Industry around Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications, India, vol. 11(2),:01-13 DOI: 10.18843/ijcms/v11i2/01
. Remote working and its effects. Royal Society for Public Health in the UK, (2014), PGi
. Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of management journal, 53(3), 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988
. Richard Burns (2016). Psychosocial Well-being N.A. Pachana (ed.), Encyclopedia of Geropsychology, Springer Science+Business Media Singapore DOI 10.1007/978-981- 287-080-3_251-1
. Ryff, C. D. (1989a). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35– 55. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200102
. Ryff, C. D. (1989b). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069– 1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
. Saks, A. M. (2006) Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21,(6)600-619 https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
.Scanlan, J.N., Still, M. Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. (2019). BMC Health Serv Res 19, 62
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3841-zScanlan
. Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Test manual for the Utrecht work engagement scale. Unpublished manuscript, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Retrieved from http://www. schaufeli. com, 3, 44-52.
. Shankar, A., Mcmunn, A., Demakakos, P., Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2017). Social isolation and loneliness: Prospective associations with functional status in older adults.
Health Psychology, 36(2), 179-187. doi:10.1037/hea0000437
. Snedecor, George W. & Cochran, William G. (1989), Statistical Methods, Eighth Edition, Iowa State University Press.
. Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 693-713.
. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796
. Tziner, A., & Latham, G. (1989). The effects of appraisal instrument, feedback and goal-setting on worker satisfaction and commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10, 145-153. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2488240
. Walsh, E. (1982). Prestige, work satisfaction, and alienation. Work and Occupations, 9, 475-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888482009004004
. Winefield, H.R., Gill, T.K., Taylor, A.W. et al. Psychological well-being and psychological distress: is it necessary to measure both?. Psych Well-Being 2, 3 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
