The Role of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in Financing small and Medium Enterprises in Iraq
Keywords:
World Bank, International monetary fund, reform programs, Iraqi economyAbstract
Monetary studies are currently being attended with interest by the various researchers' economists, especially after the importance of monetary policies and their effective impact on economic activity and its growth rate have been confirmed. (Through affecting on the level of production, prices, labor, exchange rates, balance of payments conditions, distribution and redistribution of income and wealth in society and at the international level). Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) Constitute the Backbone of an Economy. They not only provide employment and، there for income opportunities to a large number of people, but they are also at the forefront of technological in innovation and export diversification. the international monetary fund have several ways to get involved in SMEs finance, ranging from the creation or participation SMEs finance investment funds, to the creation of special unit for financing SMEs within institutions for this purpose.
References
Abd al-Hamid Abd al-Muttalib, 2003, the new world economic order and its future prospects after the events of September 11, Arab Nile Group, Cairo, first edition
Abdel Khaleq; Athi Muhammad and Hanaa Abdel Ghaffar Hammoud, 2018, World Bank Strategies in Iraq, Evaluating the Performance of the Public Financial Management System and Funding Mechanisms, The Dinars Magazine, Issue Fourteenth
Ahmad Al-Rawi, 2017, International Finance and its Economic and Social Impact: An Analytical Study of Public Religion, Dar Al-Doctor for Administrative and Economic Sciences, 1st edition, Baghdad,
Ahmad Hussein Al-Battal and others , 2011, The role of private banks in financing small and medium projects in Iraq , College of Administration and Economics , Anbar University, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Volume 4 , Issue, 7
Ahmad Muhammad Fahmi Al-Barzanji, 2014, Introduction to Finance and Investment, Dar Al- Doctor for Administrative and Economic Sciences, First Edition, Baghdad
Ahmed Kamel Hussein Al-Nasih , 2008, The reality of small and medium industries in Iraq and its impact on employment , Journal of Administration and Economy, No. 69,
Ali Bashar Bakr Agwan, 2013, Creative Anarchy, Symbolic Storm of Middle East Fires, Hammurabi Center for Research and Strategic Studies, First Edition, Baghdad,
Asar Fakhry Abdel-Latif, 2018, Small and Medium Enterprises, Central Bank of Iraq,
Duraid Kamel Al-Shabeeb, 2011, International Finance, Dar Al-Yazouri for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, First Edition
Faleh Ngimsh Matar Al-Zubaidi, and Nisreen Mustafa Shirfani, 2017, the current financial crisis and Iraq’s resort to the International Monetary Fund (effects and other alternatives), Al- Mustansiriya Magazine, Issue (58), Baghdad
Fawzia Kheda Karam Aziz, 2013, The Impact of Political Instability on Development in Iraq, University of Baghdad, College of Political Science, Al-Ustaz Magazine, No. (207), Second Volume, Baghdad
Greta Saab, 2018, Privatization Its History and Role in Stirring the Global Economy, Publications for Distribution and Publishing, 1st edition, Beirut
Hamid Khatib, 2018, papers at the parliament table, Al-Rafidain Publishing House, first edition, Beirut
Jaafar Alwan Kazim, 2018, Political instability and its impact on government performance in Iraq (2003-2014), Iraq Center for Studies, 1st edition, Baghdad
Khalil Hussein, 2007, Public Policies in Developing Countries, Lebanese Dar Al-Manhal, 1st Edition, Beirut
Kouman; Mohammad Bin Ali, 2007, Causes Of Terrorism in the Arab World and Ways to counter it, The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi
Maher King Shukry, and others, 2004, International Finance, Foreign Currencies, and Derivatives between Theory and Practice, Oman, First Edition.
Mahmoud Mohammed Al-Dagher, 2007, Financial Markets, Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution , Amman , Jordan
Dr. Aarushi Kataria, Dr. Naveen Nandal and Dr. Ritika Malik, Shahnaz Husain -A Successful Indian Woman Entrepreneur, International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business ContinuityVol.11, No. 2, (2020), pp. 88–93
Kumar, S. (2020). Relevance of Buddhist Philosophy in Modern Management Theory. Psychology and Education, Vol. 58, no.2, pp. 2104–2111.
Mather Muhammad Salih, 2010, an introduction to the political economy of Iraq, the reinter state from economic centralization to market democracy, Dar al-Hikma, 1st edition, Baghdad,
Ramzi Mahmoud, 2019, International Financial Institutions The Big Trick, University Education House, First Edition, Alexandria,
a. Shaqir Nouri Musa and others , 2011, local and international financial institutions, Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman , Jordan , 2nd edition
Taha Hameed Hassan Al-Anbuge, 2010, Iraq between Administrative and Federal Decentralization, the Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, No. (155), First Edition, Abu Dhabi
Tayeb Othman Abdul-Razzaq, 2008, the Role of the International Monetary Fund in Drawing Economic Policies for Iraq, Journal of Political Issues, No (Twelfth), Baghdad,
United - Nations, 1995, Comparative, experience with privatization policy sights and lessons, united - New York
Youssef Massaadawi, 2013, Studies in International Finance, Al-Raya House for Publishing and Distribution, 1st Edition, Riyadh
Zaki Al-Aydi, 1992, The Secret History of the World Bank, Ibn Sina Publishing House, 1st Edition, Cairo
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
