DEMOCRATIC CONFLICT AND CONSENSUS:AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF ERA 1999-2008
Keywords:
Democracy,Politics, General Pervez Musharraf, elite, consensus, conflict.Abstract
This study finds the conflicting political issues during General Pervez Musharraf's (GPM) era and examines how he dealt with political conflicts and developed political consensus among the political elites. Variables of this study/survey are General Pervez Musharraf, Conflict, Consensus, and Political Elites. A questionnaire was developed, which distributed 500 University faculty members of Pakistan. Out of 500 received respondents were 252, which is 50.4%. Research hypothesis tested on Statical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcomes associated with General Pervez Musharraf's consensus policy for political elites. A significant contribution of political elites develop consensus and eradicate conflict on Lal Masjid conflict, Kala Bagh Damconflict, declaration of emergency. From both a theoretical and a concrete viewpoint of General Pervez Musharraf's political past has important implications on the politics of Pakistan. This research adds to the body of information for future historians by incorporating sound scholarly literature. The results of this study can also be helpful for academicians, scholars of social sciences. There have been studies carried out to determine the influence of military governance on elite politics and how it affects General Pervez Musharraf's political consensus.
Downloads
References
Abbas, H., 2004. Pakistan's drift into extremism: Allah, the army, and America's war on terror.
ME Sharpe.
Abbas, H., 2014. The Taliban revival: violence and extremism on the Pakistan-Afghanistan frontier. Yale University Press.
Abbasi, M.Z. and Mussarrat, R., 2015. Devolution of Powers to Local Governments in Pakistan During Musharraf Regime. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 35(2).
Aborisade, O.P., 2013. Data collection and new technology. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 8(2), pp.48-52.
Ahmed, R.Q. and Tamoor, M., 2021. State formation and the postcolonial decay in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Science.
Akram, S., 2016. Cover Point.
Batool, F., 2017. Exile and election: the case for barring exiled leaders from contesting in national elections. Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev., 16, p.173.
Behuria, A.K., 2009. How military dominates the political space in Pakistan: A study of Musharraf’s rule (1999-2008). Journal of peace studies, 16(1-2), pp.76-102.
Behuria, A.K., 2009. How military dominates the political space in Pakistan: A study of Musharraf’s rule (1999-2008). Journal of peace studies, 16(1-2), pp.76-102.
Boland, S.T., McInnes, C., Gordon, S. and Lillywhite, L., 2021. Civil-military relations: a review of major guidelines and their relevance during public health emergencies. BMJ Mil Health, 167(2), pp.99-106.
Devji, F., 2013. Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a political idea. Hurst Publishers.
Docquier, F. and Marfouk, A., 2006. International migration by education attainment, 1990– 2000. International migration, remittances and the brain drain, pp.151-199.
Dunn, D.S., Beins, B.B., McCarthy, M.A. and Hill IV, G.W., 2010. Best practices for teaching beginnings and endings in the psychology major: Research, cases, and recommendations. Oxford University Press.
Easterly, W., 2001. The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan. Paper for the Analytical Narratives of Growth Project, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, pp.1-53.
Iqbal, S., 2020. Cooperation and confrontation in Pakistan and United States Relations (1999- 2008). Pakistan Vision, 21(2), p.96.
Musharraf, P., 2000. Foreign policy of Pakistan. Pakistan Horizon, 53(2/3), pp.43-56. Musharraf, P., 2006. In the line of fire: A memoir. Simon and Schuster.
Naazer, M.A., Mahmood, A. and Ashfaq, S., 2017. Political rights situation during Musharraf
era: 1999-2004. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(1), pp.20-31.
Naden, C.J., 2011. Benazir Bhutto. Marshall Cavendish.
Naheed, K. and Shah, S.A.H., 2020. Bureaucracy and the Local Government System in Pakistan: A Case Study of General Pervez Musharraf Era: Bureaucracy and the Local Government System. ASIAN Journal of International Peace & Security (AJIPS), 4(2), pp.149-156.
Riedel, B., 2002. American Diplomacy and the 1999 Kargil Summit at Blair House. Policy Paper Series, 1, pp.10-14.
Satyaprasad, B.G. and Krishnaswami, O.R., 2010. Business research methods. Himalaya Pub. House Shane, S.(2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. Shaw, G., Brown, R., & Bromiley, P.(1998). Strategic sto2007 Martens, Jennings, and Jennings, 1129, pp.41-50.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P.H.I.L.I.P. and Thornhill, A.D.R.I.A.N., 2007. Research methods. Business Students 4th edition Pearson Education Limited, England.
Talbot, I., 2002. General Pervez Musharraf: saviour or destroyer of Pakistan's democracy?. Contemporary South Asia, 11(3), pp.311-328.
Vanoli, E., De Ferrari, G.M., Stramba-Badiale, M., Hull Jr, S.S., Foreman, R.D. and Schwartz, P.J., 1991. Vagal stimulation and prevention of sudden death in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction. Circulation research, 68(5), pp.1471-1481.
Waseem, M., 2012. Judging democracy in Pakistan: Conflict between the executive and judiciary. Contemporary South Asia, 20(1), pp.19-31.
White, J.T., 2008. Vigilante Islamism in Pakistan: Religious Party Responses to the Lal Masjid Crisis. Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, 7(11), pp.50-65.
Yin, R.K., 1994. Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), pp.283-290.
Zaidi, S.A., 2005. State, military and social transition: Improbable future of democracy in Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.5173-5181.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.