Barriers in Implementing TQM in Secondary Schools: A comparison between privately-owned and government-owned schools of Pakistan
Keywords:
secondary schooling, TQM, faculty survey, barriers, management commitmentAbstract
Quality in education is essential in the overall development of a nation. In an underdeveloped nation, such as Pakistan, the focus of quality is usually on primary or tertiary education which overlookssecondary schooling. In this regard, theperceived causes of poor implementation of total quality management in secondary schooling were studied. Faculties of both public and private schools were surveyed with respect to six different barriers that are responsible for lack of quality in the education sector. Each analyzed barrier pointed out the extent of the educational quality. It also highlights the similarity in educational qualitydoes not depend upon the ownership of the school. Reasons for poor perception of quality management systems in the education sector are also discussed along with recommendations against each barrier.
Downloads
References
Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A. & Rosati, F., 2014. Relatives in the same university faculty: nepotism or merit?. Scientometrics, 101(1), pp. 737-749.
Academy of Educational Planning and Management, 2018. Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-17,
Islamabad: Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Government of Pakistan.
Ali, R., 2019. Budgetary Allocations Show Education Not a Priority. Weekly Cutting Edge, 14(22).
Alvi, M., 2018. Pakistan’s literacy rate stands at 58pc. The News International, 27 April.
Amar, K. & Mohd Zain, Z., 2002. Barriers to implementing TQM in Indonesian manufacturing organizations. , 14(6), 367-372.. The TQM Magazine, 14(6), pp. 367-372.
Ames, C. & Ames, R., 1984. Systems of student and teacher motivation: Toward a qualitative definition.. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), pp. 535-556.
Amin, M., Shah, R. u., Ayaz, M. & Atta, M. A., 2013. Job Performance at Secondary Level in Khyber. Gomal University Journal of Research, 29(2), pp. 100-104.
Ary News, 2018. Punjab government to nip nepotism, corruption in the bud: Buzdar, s.l.: s.n.
Ashraf, J., 2017. Public sector appointments, political influence and performance: perceptions of the situation in Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration , 39(3), pp. 211-216.
Bayraktar, E., Tatoglu, E. & Zaim, S., 2008. An instrument for measuring the critical factors of TQM in Turkish higher education.. Total Quality Management, 19(6), pp. 551-574.
Bhatti, H., 2019. Private schools' tuition fee to increase annually by 5pc only, SC rules, Karachi: Dawn.
Bohannan, L., 2017. Lack of school supplies affects schools throughout state, Lansing: Capital News Service |.
Chishti, S. U.-H., Tahirkheli, S., Ayub, S. & Khan, S. B., 2011. Quality school education in Pakistan: challenges, successes and strategies. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(2), pp. 972-976. Clampitt, P. G. & Downs, C. W., 1993. Employee Perceptions of the Relationship Between Communication and Productivity: A Field Study. International Journal of Business Communication, 30(1), pp. 5-28.
Dhar, R. L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Tourism Management, Volume 46, pp. 419-430.
Dildar, S. M., Saif, N. N. & Naz, A., 2016. Review of Educational Policies of Pakistan: Planning and Implication flows. Sargodha, Department of Education, University of Sargodha.
Eboka, O. C., 2016. Principals Leadership Styles and Gender Influence on Teachers Morale in Public Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(15), pp. 25-32.
Falcione, R. L., McCroskey, J. C. & Daly, J. A., 1977. Job Satisfaction as a Function of Employees' Communication Apprehension, Self-Esteem, and Perceptions of Their Immediate Supervisors. Annals of the International Communication Association, 1(1), pp. 363-375.
Gharakhani, D., Rahmati, H., Farrokhi, M. R. & Farahmandian, A., 2013. Total quality management and organizational performance. American Journal of Industrial Engineering, 1(3), pp. 46-50.
Gibbs, M., Neckermann, S. & Siemroth, C., 2014. A Field Experiment in Motivating Employee Ideas.
Review of Economics and Statistics, Forthcoming, p. 45.
Gibbs, M., Neckermann, S. & Siemroth, C., 2017. A field experiment in motivating employee ideas..
Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(4), pp. 577-590.
Goetsch, D. L. & Davis, S. B., 2009. Quality Management for Organizational Excellence. s.l.:Pearson Education.
Haider, S. Z. & Ali, R., 2012. Teacher Training at Secondary Level in Pakistan: Provisions and Condition. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 2(1), pp. 555-566.
Harris, D. N. & Sass, T. R., 2011. Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7), pp. 789-812.
Hassan, A. & Fan, I.-S., 2016. Obstacles hindering tqm implementation in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. Ljubljana, International Conference on Education and New Developments.
Hervie, D. M. & Winful, E. C., 2018. Enhancing Teachers’ Performance through Training and Development in Ghana Education Service: A Case Study of Ebenezer Senior High School. Journal of Human Resource Management, 6(1), pp. 1-8.
Hole, Y., Hole, S. P.-, &Bhaskar, M. P. (2019).The damages of liberal marketing myopia. Restaurant Business, 118(10), 542-556.
Huq, Z., 2005. Managing change: a barrier to TQM implementation in service industries. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 15(5), pp. 452-469.
Islam, N., 2004. Sifarish, Sycophants, Power and Collectivism: Administrative Culture in Pakistan.
International Review of Administrative Sciences , 70(2), pp. 311-330.
Juneja, P., 2012. Elements of Total Quality Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/elements-of-total-quality-management.htm [Accessed 01 November 2019].
Madu, C. N., 1997. Quality management in developing economies. International Journal of Quality Science, 2(4), pp. 272-291.
Mandela, N., 2003. Quote from the speech commemorating the launch of Mindset Network
[Interview] (16 July 2003).
Matorera, D., 2017. Quality Management Systems in Education. In: Quality Management Systems - a Selective Presentation of Case-studies Showcasing Its Evolution. s.l.:IntechOpen.
Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, 2017. National Education Policy,
Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.
Mishra, P. & Panday, A., 2013. Barriers in implementing total quality management in Higher Education. Journal of Education & Research for Sustainable Development, 1(1), pp. 1-11.
Morgan, C. & Murgatroyd, S., 1994. Total Quality Management in the Public Sector: an international perspective.. 1st ed. Buckingham: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)..
Mughal, A. W. & Aldridge, J., 2017. Head Teachers' Perspectives on School Drop-Out in Secondary Schools in Rural Punjab, Pakistan. A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association, 53(4), pp. 359-376.
Mundi, I., 2014. Pakistan - Literacy rate. [Online] Available at: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/pakistan/literacy-rate [Accessed Dec 2018].
Mustafa, S., Javed, H. & Ghani, N., 2018. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Personal Hygiene, Water and Sanitation among School Children and Teachers in Lahore. Lahore, University of Education.
National Accountability Bureau, 1999. Schedule of Offense - NAB Ordinance XVIII of 1999.
Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.
Niqab, M., Sharma, S., Wei, L. M. & Maulod, S. B. A., 2014. Instructional Leadership Potential among School Principals in Pakistan. International Education Studies, 7(6), pp. 74-85.
Prichard, C. & Moore, J. E., 2016. Variables influencing teacher autonomy, administrative coordination, and collaboration. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(1), pp. 58-74.
Ray, S., 2017. Study on relevance of SHRM practices in achieving TQM objectives. IMS Business School Presents Doctoral Colloquium, pp. 1-9.
School Education Department, 2019. Summary Position of Budget of School Education Department,
Lahore: Government of the Punjab.
School Education Department, 2020. School Census. [Online] Available at: https://schoolportal.punjab.gov.pk/sed_census/new_emis_details.aspx?distId=352--
Lahore
[Accessed 04 Jul 2020].
Sheikh, A., 2017. Govt redefines literacy for count. The Express Tribute, 28 February.
Sohal, A. S. & Terziovski, M., 2000. TQM in Australian manufacturing: factors critical to success.
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 17(2), pp. 158-168.
Stoll, L., Fink, D. & Earl, L., 2002. It's About Learning (and It's About Time): What's in it for Schools?. 1st ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Stuelpnagel, T. R., 1989. Total Quality Management In Business And Academia. Business Forum,
(1), p. 4.
Subedi, B. S., 2015. Assessing the Effectiveness of Teacher Training Programs to Improve the Quality of School Education in Nepal. Journal of Training and Development, 1(1), pp. 9-14.
Suleiman, Q. & Gul, R., 2015. Challenges to Successful Total Quality Management Implementation in Public Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Kohat District, Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(15), pp. 123-134.
Talib, F., Rahman, Z. & Qureshi, M. N., 2011. Analysis of interaction among the barriers to total quality management implementation using interpretive structural modeling approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(4), pp. 563-587.
The Express Tribune, 2019. Punjab Education Dept launches new educational policy, Lahore: s.n. To, W. M., Jr, E. F. M. & Billy, T. W., 2015. Effect of management commitment to internal marketing on employee work attitude. nternational Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 45, pp. 14-21.
Ulla, M. B., 2018. In-Service Teachers' Training: The Case of University Teachers in Yangon, Myanmar. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(1), pp. 66-77.
UlrichSchiefele, 2017. Classroom management and mastery-oriented instruction as mediators of the effects of teacher motivation on student motivation. Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 64, pp. 115-126.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019. School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary), s.l.: UNESCO .
UNESCO, 2018. Education: Expenditure on education as % of GDP (from government sources), s.l.: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Venkatraman, S., 2007. A framework for implementing TQM in higher education programs. Quality assurance in education, 15(1), pp. 92-112.
Wang, J., Zhang, D. & Jackson, L. A., 2013. Influence of self‐esteem, locus of control, and
organizational climate on psychological empowerment in a sample of C hinese teachers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(7), pp. 1428-1435.
Wani, I. A. & Mehraj, H. K., 2014. Total Quality Management in Education: An Analysis.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Intervention, 3(6), pp. 71-78.
Wood, J. C. & Wood, M. C., 2005. Observations on Soviet Administrative Solutions. In: Joseph M. Juran: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management. London: Psychology Press, pp. 477-478.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.