Intellectual Humility and Organizational Forgiveness of University Leaders: A Case of Iraq
Keywords:
Intellectual Humility, Organizational Forgiveness, University of Kufa, University Leader.Abstract
The goal of this study is to explore the intellectual humility of leaders at the University leaders and how it contributes to organizational forgiveness. The paper adopts a descriptive- analytical approach to achieve this goal. As a result, the questionnaire was used as the primary research tool. A random sample of 300 teachers was given out. The statistical analysis was carried out with the program (SPSS V. 20), and the findings revealed that the intellectual humility variable had a general arithmetic mean of (3.87). General arithmetic mean was calculated for the regulatory Forgiveness variable (3.88). The study's findings revealed a link between intellectual humility and organizational forgiveness, as well as an effect of intellectual humility on organizational forgiveness. Work to raise leaders' awareness of the importance of intellectual humility and its role in the promotion of organizational Forgiveness at the University of Kufa. Tolerance is an important factor in the constructive university leadership. To sum up, this outcome, our results on university leadership and innovative behavior in the Iraqi academic environment will enhance both the body of knowledge and the practice of positive psychology. by laying the groundwork for the conceptual and empirical foundations for the concept of positive psychology in organizations, our research may help management and higher education both better understand how it serves as an important internal mechanism.
References
Aquino, K., Tripp, T.M., & Bies, R.J. (2006). Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 653-668.
Brunel, O., & Morrisson, O. (2008). Les effets médiateurs de la confiance et de l’attachement dans la relation satisfaction-intentions de réachat pour le traitement des réclamations. XXIVth Annual Conference of the AFM (Association Française de Marketing), Paris, 15-16 May 2008.
Davis, D.E., Rice, K., McElroy, S., DeBlaere, C., Choe, E., Van Tongeren, D.R., & Hook, J.N. (2016). Distinguishing intellectual humility and general humility. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(3), 215– 224.
Dean, Tjosvold,; Margaret Poon,.(1998). "Dealing with scarce resources: openminded interaction for resolving budget conflicts". Group & Organization Management, 23(3): 237–58.
Eisenberger, R., Lynch, P., Aselage, J., & Rohdieck, S. (2004). Who takes the most revenge? Individual differences in negative reciprocity norm endorsement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 789-799.
Finkel, E.J., Burnette, J.L., & Scissors, L.E. (2007). Vengefully ever after: Destiny beliefs, state attachment anxiety, and forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 871–886.
Franklyn, Haiman, S. (2009). "A revised scale for the measurement of open‐mindedness". Speech Monographs, 31(2): 97–102.
Friesen, M.D., Fletcher, G.J.O., & Overall, N.C. (2005). A dyadic assessment of forgiveness in intimate relationships. Personal Relationships, 12, 61–77.
Gregg, A.P., & Mahadevan, N. (2014). Intellectual arrogance and intellectual humility: An evolutionary- epistemological account, 42, 7-18.
Gregg, A.P., Mahadevan, N., & Sedikides, C. (2017). Intellectual arrogance and intellectual humility: Correlational evidence for an evolutionary-embodied-epistemological account. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(1), 59–73.
Gurviez, P., & Korchia, M. (2002). Proposition d’une échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle de la confiance dans la marque. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 17(3), 41-61.
Halling, S., Kunz, G., & Rowe, J.O. (1994). The contributions of a dialogal psychology to phenomenological research. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 34(1), 109-131.
Hambrick, Donald C. (1987). "The Top Management Team: Key to Strategic Success". California Management Review. Strategy Research Center, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, 30(1): 88–108.
Harding Patricia, Hare William; Hare (March 2000). "Portraying Science Accurately in Classrooms: Emphasizing Open-Mindedness Rather Than Relativism". Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37 (3): 225–236.
Hoang, T.B.N., Pham, D.H., Nguyen, T.M.G., & Nguyen, T.T.P. (2020). Factors Affecting Activity-Based Costing Adoption in Autonomous Public Universities in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(12), 877-884. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.877
Hopkin, C.R., Hoyle, R.H., & Toner, K. (2014). Intellectual humility and reactions to opinions about religious beliefs. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(50-61).
Krumrei-Mancuso, E.J. (2017). Intellectual humility and prosocial values: Direct and mediated effects. The
Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(1), 13–28.
Leary, M.R., Springer, C., Negel, L., Ansell, E., & Evans, K. (1998). The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1225–1237.
Litzinger, S.C. (2009). Widening spheres of impact: The role of forgiveness in marital and family functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 1–13.
Lundahl, B.W., Tollefson, D., Risser, H., & Lovejoy, M. (2008). A meta analysis of father involvement in parent training. Research on Social Work Practice, 18(2), 97–106.
May, Ross W., Frank D. Fincham, Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez & Lidia Firulescu (2020): Forgiveness: Protecting Medical Residents from the Detrimental Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Wellness, Stress.
Mirzadeh, M., & Fallahchai, R. (2012). The relationship between forgiveness and marital satisfaction.
Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine, 2, 278–382.
Morris, J.A., Brotheridge, C.M., & Urbanski, J.C. (2005). Bringing humility to leadership: Antecedents and consequences of leader humility. Human Relations, 58(10), 1323–1350.
Porter, T., Schumann, K., Selmeczy, D., & Trzesniewski, K. (2020). Intellectual humility predicts mastery behaviors when learning. Learning and Individual.
Sriyono, S. (2020). A Nexus among Strategy Type, Market Orientation, Strategic Costing and Financial Sector Performance of Private Universities in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(10), 1035-1046. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.n10.1035
Stillwell, A.M., Baumeister, R.F., & Del Priore, R.E. (2008). We’re all victims here: Toward a psychology of revenge. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30, 253-263.
Tangney, J.P. (2000). Humility: Theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and directions for future research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 70-82.
Tran, D.T., Pham, H.T., & Bui, V.T. (2020). The Effect of Contextual Factors on Resistance to Change in Lean Transformation. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(11), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.479
Van Tongeren, D.R., Stafford, J., Hook, J.N., Green, J.D., Davis, D.E., & Johnson, K.A. (2016). Humility attenuates negative attitudes and behaviors toward religious out-group members. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 199–208.
Wong, L.C., Chu, A.M.Y., & Chan, C.L.W. (2013). Measuring the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory in Marital Relationships. Research on Social Work Practice, 24(3), 356–363.
Worthington, E.L., Jr., Witvliet, V.O.C., Pietrini, P., & Miller, A. J. (2017). Forgiveness , health and well- being: A review of evidence for emotional versus decisional forgiveness, dispositional forgiveness, and reduced unforgiveness . Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 291–302.
Wulandari, D., Narmaditya, B.S., Prayitno, P.H., Ishak, S., Sahid, S., & Qodri, L.A. (2020). Nexus between Production Input and Price Commodity: An Integration Analysis of Rice Barns in East Java of Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(10), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.451
Zmigrod, L., Zmigrod, S., Rentfrow, P.J., & Robbins, T.W. (2019). The psychological roots of intellectual humility: The role of intelligence and cognitive flexibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 200–208.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
