The Aftermath of Employees’ Psychological Contract Breach with The Moderation of Proactive Personality
Keywords:
Psychological Contract Breach, Counterproductive Work Behavior, Proactive PersonalitiesAbstract
This article aims at investigating the moderating role of proactive personality in the relationship between psychological breach of contract and workers’ outcomes which include counterproductive work behavior. Using social exchange theory, it was found that when employees face violation of their psychological contract, they may retaliate the same negative emotion in the form of counterproductive work behavior. A survey was conducted among the major cities of five provinces of Pakistan to investigate the model under investigation. The sample population were the public sector nurses of Pakistan. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to test and verify the hypothesis under investigation. The results didn’t support the mediating role of proactive personalities in the relationship of psychological breach of contract and counterproductive work behavior. The study attempts to fill up the gap between the psychological aspects of employees with their outcomes at the workplace.
References
Ahmed, W., Kiyani, A. & Hashmi, S. H. 2013. The Study On Organizational Cynicism, Organizational Injustice & Breach Of Psychological Contract As The Determinants Of Deviant Work Behavior. Actual Problems Of Economics.
Akgunduz, Y. & Gürel, D. A. 2019. Role Stress And Turnover Intention In Hotels: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Enthusiasm And Unstimulating Work. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67, 222-238.
Aquino, K., Lewis, M. U. & Bradfield, M. 1999. Justice Constructs, Negative Affectivity, And Employee Deviance: A Proposed Model And Empirical Test. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 20, 1073-1091.
Belschak, F. & Hartog, D. D. 2010. Being Proactive At Work—Blessing Or Bane? The Psychologist.
Bennett, R. J. & Robinson, S. L. 2000. Development Of A Measure Of Workplace Deviance. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 85, 349.
Blau, P. M. 1964a. Justice In Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34, 193-206.
Blau, P. M. 1964b. Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved September, 3, 62.
Bordia, P., Restubog, S. L. D. & Tang, R. L. 2008. When Employees Strike Back: Investigating Mediating Mechanisms Between Psychological Contract Breach And Workplace Deviance. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 93, 1104.
Cassar, V. & Briner, R. B. 2011. The Relationship Between Psychological Contract Breach And Organizational Commitment: Exchange Imbalance As A Moderator Of The Mediating Role Of Violation. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 78, 283-289.
Ceschi, A., Sartori, R., Dickert, S. & Costantini, A. 2016. Grit Or Honesty-Humility? New Insights Into The Moderating Role Of Personality Between The Health Impairment Process And Counterproductive Work Behavior. Frontiers In Psychology, 7, 1799.
Chan, D. 2006. Interactive Effects Of Situational Judgment Effectiveness And Proactive Personality On Work Perceptions And Work Outcomes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 91, 475.
Chao, J. M., Cheung, F. Y. & Wu, A. M. 2011. Psychological Contract Breach And Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors: Testing Moderating Effect Of Attribution Style And Power Distance. The International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 22, 763-777.
Chen, I.-C. & Li, H.-H. 2010. Measuring Patient Safety Culture In Taiwan Using The Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (Hsopsc). Bmc Health Services Research, 10, 1-10.
Chiu, S.-F. & Peng, J.-C. 2008. The Relationship Between Psychological Contract Breach And Employee Deviance: The Moderating Role Of Hostile Attributional Style. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 73, 426- 433.
Choi, Y. 2019. The Moderating Effect Of Leader Member Exchange On The Relationship Between Workplace Ostracism And Psychological Distress. Asia-Pacific Journal Of Business Administration.
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P. & Deblinger, E. 2016. Treating Trauma And Traumatic Grief In Children And Adolescents, Guilford Publications.
Colbert, B. A. 2004. The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications For Theory And Practice In Strategic Human Resource Management. Academy Of Management Review, 29, 341-358.
Conway, N. & Briner, R. B. 2009. Fifty Years Of Psychological Contract Research: What Do We Know And What Are The Main Challenges. International Review Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, 24, 71-131.
Costa, S. & Neves, P. 2017. Job Insecurity And Work Outcomes: The Role Of Psychological Contract Breach And Positive Psychological Capital. Work & Stress, 31, 375-394.
Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. & Conway, N. 2005. Exchange Relationships: Examining Psychological Contracts And Perceived Organizational Support. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 90, 774.
Crant, J. M. & Bateman, T. S. 2000. Charismatic Leadership Viewed From Above: The Impact Of Proactive Personality. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 21, 63-75.
Daouk-Öyry, L., Anouze, A.-L., Otaki, F., Dumit, N. Y. & Osman, I. 2014. The Joint Model Of Nurse Absenteeism And Turnover: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 51, 93-110.
Davari, A. & Rezazadeh, A. 2013. Structural Equation Modeling With Pls. Tehran: Jahad University, 215, 224.
De Cuyper, N. & De Witte, H. 2006. The Impact Of Job Insecurity And Contract Type On Attitudes, Well‐Being And Behavioural Reports: A Psychological Contract Perspective. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 79, 395-409.
De Witte, H., De Cuyper, N., Vander Elst, T., Vanbelle, E. & Niesen, W. 2012. Job Insecurity: Review Of The Literature And A Summary Of Recent Studies From Belgium. Romanian Journal Of Applied Psychology, 14, 11-17.
Deery, S. J., Iverson, R. D. & Walsh, J. T. 2006. Toward A Better Understanding Of Psychological Contract Breach: A Study Of Customer Service Employees. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 91, 166.
Eckerd, S., Hill, J., Boyer, K. K., Donohue, K. & Ward, P. T. 2013. The Relative Impact Of Attribute, Severity, And Timing Of Psychological Contract Breach On Behavioral And Attitudinal Outcomes. Journal Of Operations Management, 31, 567-578.
Eisenberger, R. & Stinglhamber, F. 2011. Perceived Organizational Support: Fostering Enthusiastic And Productive Employees, American Psychological Association.
Erdogan, B. & Bauer, T. N. 2005. Enhancing Career Benefits Of Employee Proactive Personality: The Role Of Fit With Jobs And Organizations. Personnel Psychology, 58, 859-891.
Fisher, C. D. & Ashkanasy, N. M. 2000. The Emerging Role Of Emotions In Work Life: An Introduction. Wiley Online Library.
Frost, B. C., Ko, C.-H. E. & James, L. R. 2007. Implicit And Explicit Personality: A Test Of A Channeling Hypothesis For Aggressive Behavior. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 92, 1299.
Fuller Jr, J. B., Hester, K. & Cox, S. S. 2010. Proactive Personality And Job Performance: Exploring Job Autonomy As A Moderator. Journal Of Managerial Issues, 35-51.
Giacalone, R. A. & Greenberg, J. 1997. Antisocial Behavior In Organizations, Sage.
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A. & Segars, A. H. 2001. Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal Of Management Information Systems, 18, 185-214.
Gouldner, A. W. 1960. The Norm Of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement. American Sociological Review, 161-178.
Griep, Y. & Vantilborgh, T. 2018. Reciprocal Effects Of Psychological Contract Breach On Counterproductive And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Role Of Time. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 104, 141-153.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. 2011. Pls-Sem: Indeed A Silver Bullet. Journal Of Marketing Theory And Practice, 19, 139-152.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. 2013. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results And Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1-12.
Hanisch, K. A. & Hulin, C. L. 1990. Job Attitudes And Organizational Withdrawal: An Examination Of Retirement And Other Voluntary Withdrawal Behaviors. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60-78.
Harper, D. 1990. Spotlight Abuse-Save Profits. Industrial Distribution, 79, 47-51.
Hystad, S. W., Mearns, K. J. & Eid, J. 2014. Moral Disengagement As A Mechanism Between Perceptions Of Organisational Injustice And Deviant Work Behaviours. Safety Science, 68, 138-145.
Jafri, H. 2014. Influence Of Personality On Perception Of Psychological Contract Breach.
Jensen, J. M., Opland, R. A. & Ryan, A. M. 2010. Psychological Contracts And Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Employee Responses To Transactional And Relational Breach. Journal Of Business And Psychology, 25, 555-568.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S. & Pal, D. K. 2015. Likert Scale: Explored And Explained. Current Journal Of Applied Science And Technology, 396-403.
Kayani, M. B., Zafar, A., Aksar, M. & Hassan, S. 2019. Impacts Of Despotic Leadership And Dark Personality Triad On Follower’s Sense Of Meaningful Work: Moderating Influence Of Organizational Justice.
Kickul, J. & Lester, S. W. 2001. Broken Promises: Equity Sensitivity As A Moderator Between Psychological Contract Breach And Employee Attitudes And Behavior. Journal Of Business And Psychology, 16, 191-217.
Kotter, J. P. 1973. The Psychological Contract: Managing The Joining-Up Process. California Management Review, 15, 91-99.
Law, K. S. & Zhou, Y. 2014. On The Relationship Between Implicit Attitudes And Counterproductive Work Behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal Of Management, 31, 643-659.
Li, N., Liang, J. & Crant, J. M. 2010. The Role Of Proactive Personality In Job Satisfaction And Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Relational Perspective. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 95, 395.
Lofquist, L. H. & Dawis, R. 1978. Values As Second-Order Needs In The Theory Of Work Adjustment. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 12, 12-19.
Loi, R., Liu, Y., Lam, L. W. & Xu, A. J. 2016. Buffering Emotional Job Demands: The Interplay Between Proactive Personality And Team Potency. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 95, 128-137.
Mccormick, B. W., Guay, R. P., Colbert, A. E. & Stewart, G. L. 2019. Proactive Personality And Proactive Behaviour: Perspectives On Person–Situation Interactions. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 92, 30-51.
Meyer, J. P. & Maltin, E. R. 2010. Employee Commitment And Well-Being: A Critical Review, Theoretical Framework And Research Agenda. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 77, 323-337.
Morrison, E. W. & Robinson, S. L. 1997. When Employees Feel Betrayed: A Model Of How Psychological Contract Violation Develops. Academy Of Management Review, 22, 226-256.
Mount, M., Ilies, R. & Johnson, E. 2006. Relationship Of Personality Traits And Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Effects Of Job Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59, 591-622.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. & Steers, R. M. 2013. Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology Of Commitment, Absenteeism, And Turnover, Academic Press.
Neuman, J. H. & Baron, R. A. 2005. Aggression In The Workplace: A Social-Psychological Perspective.
Özdemir, M. & Demircioglu, E. 2015. The Relationship Between Counterproductive Work Behaviours And Psychological Contracts In Public High Schools. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 41- 59.
Penney, L. M. & Spector, P. E. 2005. Job Stress, Incivility, And Counterproductive Work Behavior (Cwb): The Moderating Role Of Negative Affectivity. Journal Of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal Of Industrial, Occupational And Organizational Psychology And Behavior, 26, 777-796.
Piccoli, B. & De Witte, H. 2015. Job Insecurity And Emotional Exhaustion: Testing Psychological Contract Breach Versus Distributive Injustice As Indicators Of Lack Of Reciprocity. Work & Stress, 29, 246-263.
Quratulain, S., Khan, A. K., Crawshaw, J. R., Arain, G. A. & Hameed, I. 2018. A Study Of Employee Affective Organizational Commitment And Retention In Pakistan: The Roles Of Psychological Contract Breach And Norms Of Reciprocity. The International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 29, 2552- 2579.
Reisel, W. D., Probst, T. M., Chia, S.-L., Maloles, C. M. & König, C. J. 2010. The Effects Of Job Insecurity On Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Deviant Behavior, And Negative Emotions Of Employees. International Studies Of Management & Organization, 40, 74-91.
Robinson, S. L. & Bennett, R. J. 1995. A Typology Of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. Academy Of Management Journal, 38, 555-572.
Robinson, S. L. & O'leary-Kelly, A. M. 1998. Monkey See, Monkey Do: The Influence Of Work Groups On The Antisocial Behavior Of Employees. Academy Of Management Journal, 41, 658-672.
Robinson, S. L. & Rousseau, D. M. 1994. Violating The Psychological Contract: Not The Exception But The Norm. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
Rousseau, D. 1995. Psychological Contracts In Organizations: Understanding Written And Unwritten Agreements, Sage Publications.
Rousseau, D. M. & Tijoriwala, S. A. 1998. Assessing Psychological Contracts: Issues, Alternatives And Measures. Journal Of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal Of Industrial, Occupational And Organizational Psychology And Behavior, 19, 679-695.
Sackett, P. R. & Devore, C. J. 2002. Counterproductive Behaviors At Work.
Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M. & Kraimer, M. L. 1999. Proactive Personality And Career Success. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 84, 416.
Spector, P. E., Bauer, J. A. & Fox, S. 2010. Measurement Artifacts In The Assessment Of Counterproductive Work Behavior And Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Do We Know What We Think We Know? Journal Of Applied Psychology, 95, 781.
Spector, P. E. & Fox, S. 2005. The Stressor-Emotion Model Of Counterproductive Work Behavior.
Sturges, J., Conway, N., Guest, D. & Liefooghe, A. 2005. Managing The Career Deal: The Psychological Contract As A Framework For Understanding Career Management, Organizational Commitment And Work Behavior. Journal Of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal Of Industrial, Occupational And Organizational Psychology And Behavior, 26, 821-838.
Sulea, C., Van Beek, I., Sarbescu, P., Virga, D. & Schaufeli, W. B. 2015. Engagement, Boredom, And Burnout Among Students: Basic Need Satisfaction Matters More Than Personality Traits. Learning And Individual Differences, 42, 132-138.
Tian, Q., Zhang, L. & Zou, W. 2014. Job Insecurity And Counterproductive Behavior Of Casino Dealers– The Mediating Role Of Affective Commitment And Moderating Role Of Supervisor Support. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 40, 29-36.
Vardi, Y. & Wiener, Y. 1996. Misbehavior In Organizations: A Motivational Framework. Organization Science, 7, 151-165.
Weiss, H. M. & Cropanzano, R. 1996. Affective Events Theory: A Theoretical Discussion Of The Structure, Causes And Consequences Of Affective Experiences At Work.
Zhao, H., Peng, Z. & Sheard, G. 2013. Workplace Ostracism And Hospitality Employees’ Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Joint Moderating Effects Of Proactive Personality And Political Skill. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 33, 219-227.
Zhao, H., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowski, B. C. & Bravo, J. 2007. The Impact Of Psychological Contract Breach On Work‐Related Outcomes: A Meta‐Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 60, 647-680.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
