THE SMOOTHING POTENTIAL OF DEPRECIATION FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to consider the question: Does depreciation allocation provide a vehicle for local councils to smooth, maximise or minimise reported operating result? In 1968 Copeland claimed there were five properties an accounting practice must possess before it may be used as a manipulative device. These criteria have been considered with respect to depreciation expense reported by local government councils. Results confirmed the existence of unexplained 'anomalies' which significantly impacted on a council's operating result and subsequent performance measures used for decision-making. These, in turn, satisfied Copeland's five manipulative characteristics.
This research provides the first (known), longitudinal empirical analysis related to the charging of depreciation to transport infrastructure by local authorities. It also adds to the 'manipulation' literature by considering its applicability in a public sector context. Future research will apply a statistical activity cost theory framework or similar instrument to ratify the findings reported here.
Downloads
References
Alchian, A.A. (1950) Uncertainty, evolution, and economic theory. Journal of Political Economy, 58 (3) pp 211-221.
Australian Accounting Standards Board (2004) AASB 116:Property, Plant and Equipment. Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne.
Australian Society of Certified Practising Accountants, Members' Handbook on Disk (2002) Australian Accounting Standard 27 (AAS 27):Financial Reporting by Local Governments, June 1996.
Barnea, A., Ronen, J. and Sadan, S. (1976) Classificatory smoothing of income with extraordinary items. The Accounting Review, 51 (1) pp 110-122.
Beidleman, C.R. (1973) Income smoothing: The role of management. The Accounting Review, 48 (4) pp 653-667.
Chambers, R.J. (1966) A matter of principle. The Accounting Review, 41 (3) pp 443-457.
Chambers, R.J. (1994) Historical cost: Tale of a false creed. Accounting Horizons, 8 (1) pp 76-89.
Coombs, H. and Edwards, J.R. (1992) Capital accounting in municipal corporations 1884-1914: Theory and practice. Financial Accountability and Management, 8 (3) pp 181-202.
Copeland, R.M. (1968) Income smoothing. Journal of Accounting Research, Empirical Research in Accounting, Selected Studies, 6 (3 - supplement) pp 101-116.
Department of Local Government (NSW) (1999) Local Government Asset AccountingManual, Update No 4, July. NSW Government Press.
Department of Local Government (NSW) (2002) Comparative Information on NSW Local Government Councils 2001/02. Retrieved: August 2003 from www.dlg.nsw.gov.au.
Edwards, J.R. (1989) A History of Financial Accounting. Routledge, London.
Fern, R.H., Brown, B.C. and Dickey, S.W. (1994) An empirical test of politically-motivated income smoothing in the oil refining industry. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10 (1) pp 92-100.
Gordon, M.J. (1964) Postulates, principles and research in accounting. The Accounting Review, 39 (2) pp 251-263.
Guthrie, J., Petty, R. and Yongvanich, K. (2004) Using content analysis as a research method to inquire into intellectual capital reporting. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5 (2) pp 282-293.
Hepworth, S. (1953) Smoothing periodic income. Cited in Hillier, J. and McCrae, M. (Eds) The earnings smoothing potential of systematic depreciation. ABACUS, 34 (1) p 75.
Hillier, J. and McCrae, M. (1998) The earnings smoothing potential of systematic depreciation. ABACUS, 34 (1) pp 75-91.
Ingenium New Zealand (2002) International Infrastructure Management Manual.
Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia (IPWEA) (2002) The "How to" of Asset Management Planning. Presentation to Conference, Sydney, 25 July.
Krippendorf, K. (1980) Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Sage, Beverley Hills, CA.
Moore, M.L. (1973) Management changes and discretionary accounting decisions. Journal of Accounting Research, 11 (1) pp 100-107.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2006 The journal of contemporary issues in business and government
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.