The age of first dental visit -A retrospective study
Keywords:
age; child; first dental visit; parental complianceAbstract
Early regular dental care is an important step that every parent should be aware.The first dental visit should be shortly after the child’s first tooth erupts and not longer after one year. The study was aimed to assess the age of the first dental visit of a child. Data were collected retrospectively from the dental records of saveetha dental college in India. Only children attending their first dental visits with no previous dental experience were included in the study. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis, and chi-squared tests were done.The results concluded that about 53% of the first dental visit was found to be 11-18 years of age with male children being addressed more. Parental compliance with the standard age for initial dental visitation recommended by the major dental academies is lacking.
References
And conpaam, committee on practice and ambulatory medicine and, bright futures periodicity. 2016 Recommendations for preventive pediatric health care [internet]. vol. 137, pediatrics. 2016. p. e20153908. available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3908
Jeevanandan G. Kedo-s paediatric rotary files for root canal preparation in primary teeth – case report [internet]. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/25856.9508
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry [internet]. vol. 15, Special care in dentistry. 1995. p. 203–4. available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00515.x
Govindaraju L, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian EMG. Comparison of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using hand files and two rotary file systems in primary molars: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial [internet]. vol. 11, European journal of dentistry. 2017. p. 376–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_345_16
Website [internet]. [cited 2020 jun 4]. Available from: American dental association. Baby’s first dental visit. url: http://www.ada.org/public/media/newsrel/archieve. html.
Govindaraju L, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian EMG. Knowledge and practice of rotary instrumentation in primary teeth among indian dentists: a questionnaire survey [internet]. vol. 9, Journal of international oral health. 2017. p. 45. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_4_17
Furze H, Basso M. The first dental visit: an argentine point of view [internet]. vol. 13, International Journal Of Paediatric Dentistry. 2003. p. 266–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 263x.2003.00462.x
Somasundaram S. Fluoride content of bottled drinking water in chennai, tamilnadu [internet]. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2015. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/14691.6594
Toth K, Szabó I. Dental conditions of preschool children (one to six years of age) in szeged, hungary [internet]. vol. 38, Journal Of Dental Research. 1959. p. 451–63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345590380030501
Jawdekar A. First dental visit of a child [internet]. Child Management In Clinical Dentistry. 2010. p. 38–
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11352_6
Ghimire N, Kayastha B, Nepal P. The first dental visit [internet]. vol. 3, Journal Of Chitwan Medical College. 2014. p. 30–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i4.9551
Jeevanandan G, Govindaraju L. Clinical comparison of kedo-s paediatric rotary files vs manual instrumentation for root canal preparation in primary molars: a double blinded randomised clinical trial [internet]. vol. 19, European Archives Of Paediatric Dentistry. 2018. p. 273–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0356-6
Soxman JA. The first dental visit. Gen Dent. 2002 Mar;50(2):148–55.
Govindaraju L. Clinical evaluation of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using two modified rotary file systems with manual instrumentation in primary teeth [internet]. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2017. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/30069.10602
Lakshmanan L, Mani G, Jeevanandan G, Ravindran V, Subramanian EMG. Assessing the quality of obturation and instrumentation time using kedo-s files, reciprocating files and hand k-files [internet]. vol. 23, Brazilian Dental Science. 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2020.v23i1.1822
Govindaraju L. Effectiveness of chewable tooth brush in children-a prospective clinical study [internet]. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/24238.9528
Subramanyam D, Gurunathan D, Gaayathri R, Vishnu Priya V. Comparative evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation in early childhood caries [internet]. vol. 12, European Journal Of Dentistry. 2018. P. 067–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_266_17
Grzesiak-Gasek I, Kaczmarek U. Retrospective evaluation of the relationship between the first dental visit and the dental condition of six- and seven-year-old children [internet]. vol. 25, Advances In Clinical And Experimental Medicine. 2016. P. 767–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/acem/62212
Ravikumar D, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian EMG. Evaluation of knowledge among general dentists in treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth: a cross-sectional questionnaire study [internet]. vol. 11, European Journal Of Dentistry. 2017. P. 232–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_357_16
Kaczmarek U, Czajczyńska-Waszkiewicz A, Składnik-Jankowska J. Prevalence of dental erosion in 15 year-old subjects from lower silesia province [internet]. vol. 65, Journal Of Stomatology (czasopismo Stomatologiczne). 2012. P. 359–69. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00114553.1001264
Panchal V, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian Emg. Comparison of instrumentation time and obturation quality between hand k-file, h-files, and rotary kedo-s in root canal treatment of primary teeth: a randomized controlled trial [internet]. vol. 37, Journal Of Indian Society Of Pedodontics And Preventive Dentistry. 2019. P. 75. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_72_18
Olatosi O, Onyejaka N, Oyapero A, Ashaolu J, Abe A. Age And Reasons For First Dental Visit Among Children In Lagos, Nigeria [internet]. Vol. 26, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2019. P. 158. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_60_19
Christabel Sl, Linda Christabel S. Prevalence Of Type Of Frenal Attachment And Morphology Of Frenum In Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu [internet]. Vol. 6, World Journal Of Dentistry. 2015. P. 203–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1343
Fluoride, Fluoridated Toothpaste Efficacy And Its Safety In Children - Review [internet]. Vol. 10, International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.04.017
Packiri S. Management Of Paediatric Oral Ranula: A Systematic Review [internet]. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/28498.10622
Gurunathan D, Shanmugaavel A. Dental Neglect Among Children In Chennai [internet]. Vol. 34, Journal Of Indian Society Of Pedodontics And Preventive Dentistry. 2016. P. 364. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.191420
Baliga M. Child’s First Dental Visit In India: A Reappraisal [internet]. Vol. 37, Journal Of Indian Society Of Pedodontics And Preventive Dentistry. 2019. P. 113. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_195_19
Mittal R, Kumar S, Bhondey A, Rathi A. Assessment Of The Age Of First Dental Visit Among Dental Students In Nagpur, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study [internet]. Vol. 4, International Journal Of Oral Care & Research. 2016. P. 251–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10051- 0056
Alsadhan Sa, Darwish Ag, Al-harbi N, Al-azman A, Al-anazi H. Cross-sectional Study Of Preventive Dental Knowledge Among Adult Patients Seeking Dental Care In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [internet]. Vol. 8, The Saudi Journal For Dental Research. 2017. P. 52–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjdr.2016.04.005
Mileva S, Kondeva V. Age At And Reasons For The First Dental Visit [internet]. Vol. 52, Folia Medica. 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10153-010-0018-x
Subramaniam P, Reghuvaran J. Age And Reasons For First Dental Visit: A Cross-sectional Study Of Children In Bengaluru, India [internet]. Vol. 17, Journal Of Indian Association Of Public Health Dentistry. 2019. P. 293. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_36_19
murshid Ez. Children’s Ages And Reasons For Receiving Their First Dental Visit In A Saudi Community [internet]. Vol. 28, The Saudi Dental Journal. 2016. P. 142–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.12.003
Vinothini V, Sanguida A, Prathima G, Santhadevy A, Premlal K, Kavitha M. Age And Reasons For First Dental Visit And Knowledge And Attitude Of Parents Toward Dental Procedures For Puducherry Children Aged 0–9 Years [internet]. Vol. 11, Journal Of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences. 2019. P. 413. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_54_19
Tickle M, Milsom Km, Humphris Gm, Blinkhorn As. Parental Attitudes To The Care Of The Carious Primary Dentition [internet]. Vol. 195, British Dental Journal. 2003. P. 451–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4810600
AlSadhan, S. A. et al. (2017) ‘Cross-sectional study of preventive dental knowledge among adult patients seeking dental care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia’, The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, pp. 52–57. doi: 10.1016/j.sjdr.2016.04.005.
And, C. O. N. P. A. A. M., COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE and and
Bright Futures Periodicity (2016) ‘2016 Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care’,
Pediatrics, p. e20153908. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3908.
Baliga, M. (2019) ‘Child’s first dental visit in India: A reappraisal’, Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, p. 113. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_195_19.
Christabel, S. L. and Linda Christabel, S. (2015) ‘Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu’, World Journal of Dentistry, pp. 203–207. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1343.
Deogade, S., Gupta, P. and Ariga, P. (2018) ‘Effect of monopoly-coating agent on the surface roughness of a tissue conditioner subjected to cleansing and disinfection: A Contact Profilometric In vitro study’, Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, p. 122. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_112_18.
Dua, K. et al. (2019) ‘The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress’, Drug development research, 80(6), pp. 714–730.
Duraisamy, R. et al. (2019) ‘Compatibility of Nonoriginal Abutments With Implants: Evaluation of Microgap at the Implant-Abutment Interface, With Original and Nonoriginal Abutments’, Implant dentistry, 28(3), pp. 289–295.
Ezhilarasan, D. (2018) ‘Oxidative stress is bane in chronic liver diseases: Clinical and experimental perspective’, Arab journal of gastroenterology: the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology, 19(2), pp. 56–64.
Ezhilarasan, D., Apoorva, V. S. and Ashok Vardhan, N. (2019) ‘Syzygium cumini extract induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells’, Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 48(2), pp. 115–121.
Ezhilarasan, D., Sokal, E. and Najimi, M. (2018) ‘Hepatic fibrosis: It is time to go with hepatic stellate cell-specific therapeutic targets’, Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international: HBPD INT, 17(3),
pp. 192–197.
‘Fluoride, Fluoridated Toothpaste Efficacy And Its Safety In Children - Review’ (2018) International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. doi: 10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.04.017.
Furze, H. and Basso, M. (2003) ‘The first dental visit: an Argentine point of view’, International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, pp. 266–268. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.2003.00462.x.
Gheena, S. and Ezhilarasan, D. (2019) ‘Syringic acid triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells’, Human & experimental toxicology, 38(6), pp. 694–702.
Ghimire, N., Kayastha, B. and Nepal, P. (2014) ‘The First Dental Visit’, Journal of Chitwan Medical College, pp. 30–33. doi: 10.3126/jcmc.v3i4.9551.
Gomathi, A. C. et al. (2020) ‘Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line’, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, p. 101376. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101376.
Govindaraju, L. (2017a) ‘Clinical Evaluation of Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time using Two Modified Rotary File Systems with Manual Instrumentation in Primary Teeth’, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/30069.10602.
Govindaraju, L. (2017b) ‘Effectiveness of Chewable Tooth Brush in Children-A Prospective Clinical Study’, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24238.9528.
Govindaraju, L., Jeevanandan, G. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2017a) ‘Comparison of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using hand files and two rotary file systems in primary molars: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial’, European Journal of Dentistry, pp. 376–379. doi: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_345_16.
Govindaraju, L., Jeevanandan, G. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2017b) ‘Knowledge and practice of rotary instrumentation in primary teeth among indian dentists: A questionnaire survey’, Journal of International Oral Health, p. 45. doi: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_4_17.
Grzesiak-Gasek, I. and Kaczmarek, U. (2016) ‘Retrospective Evaluation of the Relationship Between the First Dental Visit and the Dental Condition of Six- and Seven-Year-Old Children’, Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, pp. 767–773. doi: 10.17219/acem/62212.
Gurunathan, D. and Shanmugaavel, A. (2016) ‘Dental neglect among children in Chennai’, Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, p. 364. doi: 10.4103/0970-4388.191420.
Jawdekar, A. (2010) ‘First Dental Visit of a Child’, Child Management in Clinical Dentistry, pp. 38–38. doi: 10.5005/jp/books/11352_6.
Jeevanandan, G. (2017) ‘Kedo-S Paediatric Rotary Files for Root Canal Preparation in Primary Teeth – Case Report’, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25856.9508.
Jeevanandan, G. and Govindaraju, L. (2018) ‘Clinical comparison of Kedo-S paediatric rotary files vs manual instrumentation for root canal preparation in primary molars: a double blinded randomised clinical trial’, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, pp. 273–278. doi: 10.1007/s40368-018-0356-6.
J, P. C. et al. (2018) ‘Prevalence and measurement of anterior loop of the mandibular canal using CBCT: A cross sectional study’, Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 20(4), pp. 531–534.
Kaczmarek, U., Czajczyńska-Waszkiewicz, A. and Składnik-Jankowska, J. (2012) ‘Prevalence of dental erosion in 15 year-old subjects from Lower Silesia province’, Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne), pp. 359–369. doi: 10.5604/00114553.1001264.
Lakshmanan, L. et al. (2020) ‘Assessing the quality of obturation and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and Hand K-files’, Brazilian Dental Science. doi: 10.14295/bds.2020.v23i1.1822.
Malli Sureshbabu, N. et al. (2019) ‘Concentrated Growth Factors as an Ingenious Biomaterial in Regeneration of Bony Defects after Periapical Surgery: A Report of Two Cases’, Case reports in dentistry, 2019, p. 7046203.
Mathew, M. G. et al. (2020) ‘Evaluation of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, plaque accumulation on zirconia and stainless steel crowns, and surrounding gingival inflammation in primary …’, Clinical oral investigations. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-020-03204-9.
Mehta, M. et al. (2019) ‘Oligonucleotide therapy: An emerging focus area for drug delivery in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases’, Chemico-biological interactions, 308, pp. 206–215.
Menon, S. et al. (2018) ‘Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism’, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, pp. 280–292. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.006.
Mileva, S. and Kondeva, V. (2010) ‘Age at and Reasons for the First Dental Visit’, Folia Medica. doi: 10.2478/v10153-010-0018-x.
Mittal, R. et al. (2016) ‘Assessment of the Age of First Dental Visit among Dental Students in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study’, International Journal of Oral Care & Research, pp. 251–
doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10051-0056.
Murshid, E. Z. (2016) ‘Children’s ages and reasons for receiving their first dental visit in a Saudi community’, The Saudi Dental Journal, pp. 142–147. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.12.003.
Olatosi, O. et al. (2019) ‘Age and reasons for first dental visit among children in Lagos, Nigeria’, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, p. 158. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_60_19.
Packiri, S. (2017) ‘Management of Paediatric Oral Ranula: A Systematic Review’, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28498.10622.
Panchal, V., Jeevanandan, G. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2019) ‘Comparison of instrumentation time and obturation quality between hand K-file, H-files, and rotary Kedo-S in root canal treatment of primary teeth: A randomized controlled trial’, Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, p. 75. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_72_18.
Panchal, V., Jeevanandan, G. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2019) ‘Comparison of post-operative pain after root canal instrumentation with hand K-files, H-files and rotary Kedo-S files in primary teeth: a randomised clinical trial’, European archives of paediatric dentistry: official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 20(5), pp. 467–472.
Pc, J., Marimuthu, T. and Devadoss, P. (2018) ‘Prevalence and measurement of anterior loop of the mandibular canal using CBCT: A cross sectional study’, Clinical implant dentistry and related research. Available at: https://europepmc.org/article/med/29624863.
Prabakar, J. et al. (2018) ‘Comparative Evaluation of Retention, Cariostatic Effect and Discoloration of Conventional and Hydrophilic Sealants - A Single Blinded Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial’, Contemporary clinical dentistry, 9(Suppl 2), pp. S233–S239.
Rajendran, R. et al. (2019) ‘Comparative Evaluation of Remineralizing Potential of a Paste Containing Bioactive Glass and a Topical Cream Containing Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: An in Vitro Study’, Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.4034/pboci.2019.191.61.
Rajeshkumar, S. et al. (2018) ‘Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles usingMangifera indica leaves and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in lung cancer (A549) cells’, Enzyme and microbial technology, 117, pp. 91–95.
Rajeshkumar, S. et al. (2019) ‘Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles mediated through Cissus arnotiana plant extract’, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 197, p. 111531.
Ramadurai, N. et al. (2019) ‘Effectiveness of 2% Articaine as an anesthetic agent in children: randomized controlled trial’, Clinical oral investigations, 23(9), pp. 3543–3550.
Ramakrishnan, M., Dhanalakshmi, R. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2019) ‘Survival rate of different fixed posterior space maintainers used in Paediatric Dentistry - A systematic review’, The Saudi dental journal, 31(2), pp. 165–172.
Ramesh, A. et al. (2018) ‘Comparative estimation of sulfiredoxin levels between chronic periodontitis and healthy patients - A case-control study’, Journal of periodontology, 89(10), pp. 1241–1248.
Ravikumar, D., Jeevanandan, G. and Subramanian, E. M. G. (2017) ‘Evaluation of knowledge among general dentists in treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth: A cross-sectional questionnaire study’, European Journal of Dentistry, pp. 232–237. doi: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_357_16.
Samuel, S. R., Acharya, S. and Rao, J. C. (2020) ‘School Interventions-based Prevention of Early- Childhood Caries among 3-5-year-old children from very low socioeconomic status: Two-year randomized trial’, Journal of public health dentistry, 80(1), pp. 51–60.
Sharma, P. et al. (2019) ‘Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer’, Chemico-biological interactions, 309, p. 108720.
Somasundaram, S. (2015) ‘Fluoride Content of Bottled Drinking Water in Chennai, Tamilnadu’,
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14691.6594.
Soxman, J. A. (2002) ‘The first dental visit’, General dentistry, 50(2), pp. 148–155.
Sridharan, G. et al. (2019) ‘Evaluation of salivary metabolomics in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma’, Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 48(4), pp. 299–306.
Subramaniam, P. and Reghuvaran, J. (2019) ‘Age and reasons for first dental visit: A cross-sectional study of children in Bengaluru, India’, Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, p. 293. doi: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_36_19.
Subramanyam, D. et al. (2018) ‘Comparative evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation in early childhood caries’, European Journal of Dentistry, pp. 067–070. doi: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_266_17.
‘The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’ (1995) Special Care in Dentistry, pp. 203–204. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00515.x.
Tickle, M. et al. (2003) ‘Parental attitudes to the care of the carious primary dentition’, British Dental Journal, pp. 451–455. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4810600.
Toth, K. and Szabó, I. (1959) ‘Dental Conditions of Preschool Children (One to Six Years of Age) in Szeged, Hungary’, Journal of Dental Research, pp. 451–463. doi: 10.1177/00220345590380030501.
Varghese, S. S., Ramesh, A. and Veeraiyan, D. N. (2019) ‘Blended Module-Based Teaching in Biostatistics and Research Methodology: A Retrospective Study with Postgraduate Dental Students’, Journal of dental education, 83(4), pp. 445–450.
Vijayashree Priyadharsini, J. (2019) ‘In silico validation of the non-antibiotic drugs acetaminophen and ibuprofen as antibacterial agents against red complex pathogens’, Journal of periodontology, 90(12), pp. 1441–1448.
Vinothini, V. et al. (2019) ‘Age and reasons for first dental visit and knowledge and attitude of parents toward dental procedures for Puducherry children aged 0–9 years’, Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, p. 413. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_54_19.
Vishnu Prasad, S. et al. (2018) ‘Report on oral health status and treatment needs of 5-15 years old children with sensory deficits in Chennai, India’, Special care in dentistry: official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry, 38(1), pp. 58–59.
Wahab, P. U. A. et al. (2018) ‘Scalpel Versus Diathermy in Wound Healing After Mucosal Incisions: A Split-Mouth Study’, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 76(6), pp. 1160–1164.
Website (no date). Available at: American Dental Association. Baby’s first dental visit. URL: http://www.ada.org/public/media/newsrel/archieve. html. (Accessed: 4 June 2020).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
