Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government

Capital structure is the composition of debt and equity securities that are used to finance a company’s assets. The choice of debt and equity is an important decision for the corporate sector because an optimal choice of financing decision increases the value of the firm. The Multinational corporations (MNC) has benefits over the Domestic companies (DC) with regard to debt raising capacity, wider options for raising capital, greater options to generate profits, diversification benefits, economies of scale, etc. This paper investigates the determinants of capital structure of domestic and multinational companies during the period 2010 to 2020. The study concluded that the significant capital structure determinants are Size, Return on Sales, Return on Assets and Profit.

Today SAIL is one of the largest industrial entities in India. Its strength has been the diversified range of quality Steel product catering to the domestic, as well as the export market sandal large pool of technical and professional expertise. Today, the accent in Salem Authority of Indian Limited (SAIL) is to continuously adept to the competitive business environment and excel as a business organization, both within and outside in India. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate into the financial performance of Salem Steel Plant at Salam District,Tamilnadu understand their performance in a highly competitive environment. The study revealed that Salem Steel Plant in the study area have not performed well on all the parameters of financial performance. On plant performed best on one parameter, but worst on another which prove that the overall financial performance of the steels has not been quite good and all the Steel Plants have to make improvements on different steels.

With the current expansion of the global economy and the fast-changing of technology and innovation, Effectiveness Training is necessary for any organization especially in connection with new technology.  The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of training on employees’ job performance in Hawassa City, in order to examine the study data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire from a population of 195 employees from various branches of the Banking sector in Hawassa city.  The data collected was analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis. Regression results indicate that effectiveness training it positively and significantly contributes towards employees’ job performance.  Based on the finding of the study the researcher forwarded some recommendations the management of the CBE.

This article aims to provide empirical insights on how value co-creation takes place in complex systems; portraying insights from the evolving and complex interaction-based resource integration at HEIs. Tenets of service dominant (S-D) logic (Vargo & Lusch, 2004, 2008)  and service science (Maglio & Spohrer, 2008) are used to conceptualize the resource integration process for value co-creation. Multiple Qualitative case studies are used to explore rich experiences of actors during instances of service interactions in higher education institutions (HEIs) and empirical findings are generated from 37 in-depth interviews, observations and web page analysis. The analysis process and findings from the data are systematically displayed using the GIOIA methodology (Gioia, Corley, & Hamilton, 2013). Empirical findings suggested that achievement of sustainable learning outcomes at HEIs requires management of complex interactions that are embedded within diverse yet dependent systems as value is generated through an iterative resource integration process within the overall engagement phase of value co-creation. Furthermore, deliberate replications on key resource integrating practices between human actors and digital systems are discussed to provide clues on interplay of social and technical influences on value co-creation processes. Results could foster expansion of the value co-creation concept and pave way for its operationalization in complex service system settings. Conceptualization of resource integration practices could also guide key stakeholders at HEIs to identify major challenges during value co-creation initiatives. Implications are discussed in the light of roles played by human and digital actors during three critical phases of value co-creation in expedience, engagement and evolution. Acknowledging the fact that opportunities and issues faced by higher education institutions might be like many other industries including tourism, public service, nursing and others; yet aim of using the case studies for in depth insights in this paper limits the statistical generalizability.

The main objective of the current research is to assess the mediating role of organisational cultural between entrepreneurial orientation, structural factor and performance of public universities. The contribution of universities in the development of any country is an undeniable fact. The previous studies emphasised on such aspects, as structural factors that affect universities performance but the role of cultural factors have been ignored. The current study explores cultural factors as mediating variable between structural factors, entrepreneurial factors and performance of public universities. The current research applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. We developed, through an in-depth desktop research, a questionnaire that was distributed by mailed/postal survey to the randomly selected 415 respondents working in Pakistani public universities. The collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.7, a widely used data analytical tool. Out study finds that cultural factors significantly mediate the relationship between structural factors, entrepreneurial factors and performance of public universities. The university management at different level is expected to enhance competencies of conducting high quality teaching, research and contribution to wider society through utilisation of scarce resources and creating a congenial cultural environment to maximize outcome from the available strength and opportunities and overcome the weakness and challenges. The findings and recommendations are expected to add value to the current body of literature in the higher education and particular value addition will be for the Pakistani universities.   

The objective of the paper is to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational commitment among the employees of the higher educational institutions in Haryana. A structured questionnaire is used to assess emotional intelligence and organisational commitment.  Participants of the study included 350 employees working in higher education institutions in Haryana, India. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to validate the scales and structural equation modeling is used to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational commitment using AMOS 21. It is concluded that emotional intelligence is positively associated with organisational commitment. Employees with strong emotional intelligence have greater levels of organisational commitment.

The principle objective of this task is to protect sensitive weights from voltage droops or expands with Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) utilizing VSI and ZSI. The Z-source inverters which have been actually proposed as an elective force change thought crushes the sensible and speculative obstacles and limitations of the standard voltage-source converter and current-source converter and gives a novel force change thought. Here the assessment is made between the display of DVR using VSI and ZSI. The sinusoidal condition of the yield voltage paying little notice to the load type is kept up by this voltage control system.

This paper on storm surge scenario analysis was conducted to determine the geographical extent of storm surge in Tandag City, Surigao del Sur. The study aimed to address the following: (a) to assess the geographic extent of a simulated storm surge (b) to quantify the population distribution reached by the storm surge (c) serve as aid for analysts, policy and decision makers in storm surge disaster risk mitigation. The study overlaid the data in QGIS, and calculated the affected and populated areas exposed to storm surge. The results revealed that majority of the coastal barangays are exposed to storm surge. The storm surge has a tidal level of 3-4 meters which can damage properties and put lives in danger in the affected area. Out of the 21 barangays, four (4) barangays are highly vulnerable to storm surge, with a 55% exposure, and 1 barangay is 100% exposed to 4-meter storm surge. Among these barangays, Brgy. Dagocdoc has a land area and population exposed to 100% storm surge 4-meters high, while Brgy. Bag-ong Lungsod can have the highest percentage of affected population at (86.95%). This study can shed light to LGU to incorporate scientific study to their land use plan and disaster risk management plan.

The article presents indicators for assessing the marketing and innovation, technical and technological, organizational, personnel and investment and sales potentials of an industrial enterprise, developed by the authors based on generalizing existing approaches to the interpretation of elements of economic potential and taking into account the challenges of neo-industrialization. A technique for measuring economic potential, which is based on the aggregation of expert assessments, is proposed. A mechanism has been developed for determining the production strategy of an enterprise and choosing directions for prospective investment based on estimates of the components of economic potential. The results presented in the article (method and mechanism) were tested at mechanical engineering enterprises. Their practical use allows comparing the strategic positions of enterprises and choosing the optimal vector of their development. The scientific and methodological provisions developed in the article can be used by industrial enterprises of various sectors of the economy in production management and researchers of production management problems for the development of the theory and practice of strategic planning and analysis of the resource potential of enterprises.

The market transformations that have taken place in the Kyrgyz economy and the political crises over the past ten years have had a negative impact on the formation of labor and capital market structures. As a result, the Kyrgyz Republic becomes a “donor” of migrants, loses the most active part of the population, which leads to a deepening of socio-economic problems. The article considers the change in the average GDP growth in the EAEU countries over five years, the main indicators of the socio-economic development of the republic, the main indicators of the labor market, internal and external migration, and the structure of the disposable income of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. The reasons are established and the economic-statistical system and comparative analysis and generalization of problems in the system of vocational education and in the labor market are carried out. This made it possible to identify and ultimately can have a positive impact on improving the socio-economic situation in the Kyrgyz Republic.

This study aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance on earnings management. Independent variables used in this study are the proportion of independent board, audit committee, the structure of managerial ownership and institutional ownership structure. The ratio of independent commission was measured to study the percentage of the number in the independent board to entire board of commissioners in the company. Audit committee in this research do, that was calculated by adding up the audit committee in the company. The managerial ownership structure is measured by the percentage of shares owned by managers of the total shares outstanding. The institutional ownership structure is measured by the percentage of shares owned by the institutions of the total shares outstanding. Earnings management as the dependent variable proxied by discretionary accruals and is calculated by the modified Jones model.
This research was conducted using data from documentation using www.idx.co.id, Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regressions. This study used a sample of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2013-2016.
The results showed the simultaneous variable proportion of independent board, audit committee, the structure of managerial ownership and institutional ownership structure have a significant effect on earnings management. However, only the precarious balance of independent board is a substantial effect on earnings management.

Within the framework of this article, macroeconomic modeling of the Russian economy is carried out under conditions of uncertainty. The spread of the new coronavirus infection and the introduction of appropriate protective restrictive measures, as expected, led to a recession in the world economy and the economy of Russia. If earlier the determining factor of Russia’s economic growth was the conjuncture of the world fuel and energy market, now, in the current restrictive conditions, the problem of changing the development paradigm has become especially acute. This fact and other conditions that form a single system of interconnected factors are reflected in the developed structural econometric model of the Russian Federation. By combining possible options for changing the exogenous factors of the model under consideration based on the scenarios proposed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (MED of the Russian Federation), a medium-term scenario forecast of the main socio-economic factors until 2023 was made.

Leadership styles are essential in the academe world wherein people are more volatile and competitive in the workplace, where leaders should be more flexible to respond to the rapid changes in the working environment, and how to adopt different leadership styles to manage their organizations well.  This study focuses on the different leadership styles of college deans in the state universities through the use of a descriptive research method with a total of 260 respondents.  Based on the findings of the study, the leadership styles were rated as moderate extent.  However, among the six leadership styles of Goleman et.al. (2002), the commanding leadership style got the lowest weighted mean.  Hence, there is a need for the improvement on the commanding leadership styles of the college deans in order to have a greater influence to motivate the faculty to perform their work effectively and efficiently.

While prior research looks at how specific capabilities of companies achieve organizational performance, few studies take a holistic perspective. In this analysis, follow a systemic approach to investigate whether the operational success ultimately accounts for specific capabilities. Also consider how intellectual capital mediates the relationship between the organizational and performance capabilities. In Taiwan Transportation Vehicle research involved a questionnaire study involving 160 executives. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS), it was found that business awareness, partnerships, and creative capacities have positive effects on intellectual property, although consumer knowledge has no major impact. Intellectual capital partially mediates the relationship between organizational capacity and performance of the organization. By demonstrating the mediating effects of intellectual capital on the relationships between organizational capacities, both in its external and internal dimensions, and organizational performance, paper contribute to the literature on organizational capabilities, as well as suggesting to companies aiming to enhance organizational performance, particularly those in the transportation sector.

: E-Commerce has a significant impact on the economy and business productivity and currently has a chance to become widespread due to its simple applications. This provides an opportunity to "cross borders" as new entrants, business models, and technology changes break down barriers that previously separated one industry from another. This increases competition and innovation, which is likely to increase overall economic efficiency. In recent years, China has played an increasing role in E-Commerce, both domestic and international transactions. In these circumstances, the country's leadership faced an obvious need to form comprehensive domestic legislation in E-Commerce and ensure compliance with international norms and standards.

This article traces the urgency of trademark protection for a musician name. The result of the discussion shows that people may deceived if new musicians hitch a ride on the name of famous musicians to perform their songs or any other form of artistic works on a concert or performance. Similarities on the name may lead to reputation damage or goodwill of the previous musician. Every person or group intends to use the names of existing name of a musician in productions other than songs or albums and performances shall obtain permission from the concerned musician to receive benefit sharing on the utilization of the name as a means to prevent adverse conducts of unauthorized party. Such measures are aimed to conduct production and trading services in the form of entertainment services as classified in class 41 of the Nice Agreement. The process of registering the name of a musician is generally equivalent with trademark registration stipulated in the Law Number 15 of 2001 concerning Trademark

The Implementation of direct local elections was a correction of the local elections with a system of direct appointment by the central government in Jakarta during the era of the 32-years New Order government led by President Suharto. In the Suharto era, regional head candidates submitted without a vice head of the region and should be one name. Such conditions as described above was due to the undemoractic political system. Local elections immediately after the Suharto government is part of the development of a democratic political system. Democratic political participation will bear a truly participatory political system and political stability. However, it is undeniable that the electoral system sometimes was colored with money politics, non-neutrality of election organizers and local officials and all forms of intidimation against other participants. In the past, the Constitutional Court has several times to disqualify the winner of the election for fraudulent practices systematic, structured and massive and ordered a re-election without the participation of the participants who cheat. That is the Constitutional Court's role in fostering democracy in the region.

The word business model has been used frequently in boardrooms by organizational administrators, advisors, industry analysts and even broadcasting services targeted at the population at large. One function of business models is to include a collection of general levels of knowledge about how an organization organizes itself in a productive way to generate and deliver value. The paper discusses about the perspective on the brand environments consisting of few factors for marketing ecosystem. The major trends in marketing has also been discussed comprising market place trends, technological trends, socio-economic trends, geopolitical trends and environment trends. The discussion suggests about the multivalent essence of business as models. They could be found as illustrations of role models which can be replicated or used as a concise business entity description: simplistic short-hand descriptions that are similar to standard scales. We should think such that these are not only captured in the universe (within a taxonomy) as features of the observed types, but rather as abstract ideal forms in the way outlined by Webber. In the empirical context, market models often act as models. They are templates (as in biology) that reflect groups of things. They may be studied. Or they can appear as schemas in scholarly slides and as representations misleading like economic models in which they appear as generalized intermediate forms of explanations like science models in many fields that are neither universal nor complete empirical definition.

In order to survive in the combative market, the companies have to develop a kind of mechanism in order to be in the preferred positions from their competitors. They should identify mechanism to make sure about their superiority from their competitors.  Superiority from others can be achieved through many factors. Quality Certification and Assurance has become an unprecedented way to differentiate from the lots. Quality Certification has also emerged as a demand of Customers. The meaning of Quality has perplexity but no one can deny its importance in creation of differentiation status for the companies. Quality has been undisputed factor of preference for customer satisfaction.  This paper is a deliberate attempt to understand the evolution, reasons and benefits derived by implementing ISO 9000 in their organization.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focuses on many categories of stakeholders and results, including non-organization stakeholders and results that go beyond financial outcomes. Thus, CSR extends the notion of work to go beyond the viewpoint of a mission, job, intra-individual, intra-organizational, and benefit and offers an ideal medium for individuals to try and find meaning through work. We follow a person-centered conceptualization of CSR by concentrating on the making of senses as an underlying and unifying process by which individuals are constructive and conscious agents who search and find meaning by work. Our conceptualization enables us to understand variation in CSR effects due to variation in employee sensitivity and meaningfulness of CSR experience by employees; highlight synergies through disconnected hypotheses and research streams that arise in various disciplines and at the intra-individual, intra-organizational and extra-organizational levels of analysis; and suggest new research. Through using sensory formation as a unifying underlying mechanism, the suggested conceptualization illustrates how individuals find meaningfulness through work and, ultimately, when and why workers perceive CSR in a specific way, which results in more or less positive results for themselves, their organizations and existing stakeholders. Our proposed model may also be used in other research areas that would benefit from (a) putting people in the center stage and their quest for meaningfulness, and (b) concentrating on the role that same-level and cross-level interactions play in the cycle between intra-individual, interpersonal-organizational, and extra-organizational sensing factors.

Land is the centre point of human existence and development. Development is achieved through modernization, improvement of infrastructure, financial systems and agriculture. In any economy, the financial system plays active role in production. Banks are seen as agents of development. This work is aimed at assessing and identifying optimal locations to site new banks in Abaji L.G.A of Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. It seeks to examine the distribution patterns of existing banks and the factors necessary for the location of banks. GIS analysis was done in ArcGIS software to analyze maps extracted from satellite imageries. Nearest neighbour analysis was used to explain the pattern of distribution of banks within the study area while proximity analysis was also carried out to assess the distance of major population areas to the banks. Both primary and secondary data were used in extracting information from the study area. The study also used quantitative and qualitative methods in analyzing and presenting the numerous factors for siting banks loctions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results from analysis shows that banks in Abaji L.G.A are in a regular pattern and they only exist within Abaji town leaving out other areas in the study area leading to increase in the number of the financially excluded populace. Overlay technique was used for all the variables that were analyzed, this makes for proper identification of suitable locations for sitting of banks in the study area. The recommendations therefore are among others, increase in the number of banks in Abaji L.G.A as population increases, establishing the mediums to aid in the establishment of banks and other banking facilities.

Information is a common and abstract notion defined epistemological conversation in western philosophy since the Greek Classical era. However, there has been mounting attention in the treatment of in sequence as an important organizational tool in recent years. According to the interest in organizational information and knowledge management (KM), there searchers have begun to promote a class of information systems, referred to as Knowledge management system (KMS). KMS is to support knowledge creation, transfer and submission in organizations. Management of information and consciousness is a dynamic subject with several facets. So efficient development and implementation for KMS a foundation is needed in several rich read more Literatures.KMS Research and Development to be reliable should maintain and build on substantial writing which exists in different but related fields. This paper analyses and interprets the literature on knowledge management in a variety of fields with an eye to identifying key study areas. Comprehensive method vision of information management in the association focusing on the possible Knowledge arrangement in that phase, knowledge is outlined in this paper. Building on the reviewing literature and evaluating knowledge management methods, discussion is done on a variety of relevant research issues related to the processes of knowledge management and the role of IT in support in those processes.

^{The current research tries to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 event and related deaths on the GLOBAL equity market (Dow Jones and the S&P500 indices), which compensate for trading volume and predictions of volatility, as well as the results on the weekday. Based on the GARCH(1) model and data from 8 April 2019 to 9 April 2020, the findings indicate that most affected countries with covid-19 crisis did not affect the stock market income. Nonetheless, the conditional heteroscedasticity of the Dow Jones and S&P500 returns in certain countries is having a positive effect. VAR models say that in Italy and France the number of deaths registered has a positive effect on the VIX returns. Finally, Markov-Stitching models show that the scale of VIX's negative effect on stock market prices increased threefold by the end of February2020.}

Park for individual and economic growth is an umbrella for the Social Network for Personal and Career Advancement as part of a potential non-formal eco-entrepreneurship university. Innovative contact simulator with the focus on the excitement of the participants is for: completion of grade management to achieve the project website performance, contains www.recadd.ro guide; evaluating website development; providing feedback on potential alternatives and improving website. Using the EFI ROM method, the following ideas with practical applicability were obtained: use clubs to create project teams that are able to integrate more mature into the wider community; Create a Park for Community Growth and Personal Advancement through the Adaptability Clubs Network for Economic Progress; collaborate with friends; promote the sharing of shared experience; use conventional online practices.

India has increasingly been regarded as an engine that will power future global development. This is good reason to look at the economic prospects of India over the current decade. The Indian economy is the fastest growing major economy and in the coming years it is expected to grow faster. During 2018-19, however, the economy of India appears to have slowed significantly. The proximate factors responsible for this slowdown include rising private consumption growth, a modest increase in fixed investment, and exports that are quite. On the supply side, the challenge is to reverse the agricultural sector's decline in growth and maintain industry growth. On the external front, the current account deficit as a ratio to GDP is likely to decline in 2018-19, thus reducing the economy's leakage of growth momentum. Monetary policy has sought to provide growth momentum with a fillip through repo rate cuts and bank liquidity easing. Low inflation has provided the room for this monetary easing in 2018-19, although it has started to rise in the last few months of the year. Growth has tied up, deflation has decreased, budget and trade deficits have shrunk. The Government of India has also adopted policies and reforms to promote investment, increase efficiency and ensure monetary stability. The strong long-term growth potential of India, driven by demographics, urbanisation, and productivity-enhancing reforms, nevertheless indicates that trade expansion between china and india will continue in the upcoming months.

In this research, the theorizing and conceptualizing the recent confluent of management accounting & financial accounting with advances in the information technology) & explaining not only how this confluent is manifested in the technical & technological domain, but somehow it is reflected in their behavioral & organizational level convergence. In this paper attempts to clarify the impacts of IT on the accounting systems. The largest impact IT has on the accounting is companies' able to develop & use to computerized the systems to track & record financial transactions. The IT networks & database system reduced the period of a time that will accountants had to plan & deliver to the financial reports to management. In this program helps companies to rapidly, efficiently generate particular reports for the decision taking in the management. Other computerized accounting systems capabilities are: Increased functionality, faster processing, improved accuracy, & improved external reporting. So in, this paper highlights the advantages & inconveniences of the using IT in consider and reporting systems.

Real estate or property production has been recognized as one of Asia's key industries. Based on this significance, the authors assessed the work centrality and working values of real estate practitioners in established Asian countries. Based on the findings, in terms of work centrality, Japan was rated high on work centrality as very important in six life aspects among the five countries, followed by Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Myanmar.  Findings on work values were all significant among the five countries, headed by Japan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, and the Philippines.  There is a substantial difference in the perception of work centrality among respondents in five countries, as revealed by Indonesia and Myanmar and Myanmar and Japan.  Some countries differ in work values as manifested by Malaysia and Japan, highly significant, like Myanmar and Japan, and the Philippines. Enablers for success in the real estate profession include enterprising and conventional interests and various work values listed by experts in the field.  Based on the study's findings, it can be seen that work centrality and work values among the five Asian countries differ from each other. Capability Building Index is now recommended for adoption by the real estate practitioners.

Hopes and challenges were the focus of this study as it aimed at understanding the self-efficiency of Filipinos who were displaced at this pandemic period.  Respondents were randomly taken from unaccounted pool of motor rider agents in Metro Manila and requested to respond on the survey provided to them.  Results showed that in terms of hopes, Filipino-respondents Strongly Agree that they are dynamic, adaptable, and optimistic to surpass any difficulty and are very much hopeful that they will survive the challenges brought about by this Coronavirus pandemic.  Likewise, when it comes to challenges, Filipino-respondents Strongly Agree that they are ready to solve difficult problems in terms of financial, health, food sustainability, spiritual/religious, and family social factors.   Researchers therefore assumed that it is more than enough to say that combining the results achieved on the hopes and challenges of these Filipino-respondents, there is a strong basis that Filipinos are very much self-efficient as well as resilient as it is an innate characteristic on them with the influence of the environment and stimuli where they grow and their behaviors  were  molded to become better members of the society who are efficient, adaptable, ready to face the challenges, and hopeful amidst this pandemic period.  This study also hope to possibly eliminate the notion about Filipinos negative values and instead strengthen and highlight the positive values that Filipinos are known for in the world which will bring constructive impact to those badly affected by the Coronavirus pandemic.

The objective of this systematic review is to describe and analyze open geographic data provided by governmental sources in order to provide an overview of open geographic sources and data for the study and management of natural resources in Peru. For this purpose, the web was explored and scientific articles were reviewed, finding a huge cartographic archive offered by the Peruvian State. On the one hand, public institutions put their respective geoportals into operation, and on the other hand, the launching into space of the PeruSAT-1 satellite. This increased the supply of official geospatial information in the last five years. In addition, geotechnical data was found in raw and processed form from global initiatives. All of this documentary collection is available to the public in an open, free and free form in cyberspace, which can be used in the study of the use, restoration, conservation and valuation of ecosystems and other elements of the environment.

This research aims to assess costs and time in the study of the earned value method management applied to the construction of the multifamily building in Lima, it is worth mentioning that the main problem of low productivity rates is the low cost control, that affects directly the performance of projects. The methodology used in this context is the earned value, which allows managing the costs and time of projects, gaining as a result the S curve and the control table, as a conclusion it could be said that the companies should maintein a correct control of time and cost of projects, because as it can be seen, at the end of the project, the company will have a lost of money for S/ 134,176.33 soles from month 06, which represents the 1.94% at the end of the Project.

The Post Independent India has largely experienced negative GDP growth in 1958, 1966, 1973, 1980’s, 2020-21. The post crisis years after 2008-09 though did not experience negative GDP growth but were very challenging. The years 1991, 2014-15 and 2020-21 have experienced twin deficit crisis, twin balance sheet syndrome and twin economic shocks (Demand & supply) respectively. The author has considered these years as three twins. The Researcher has tried to study the different macroeconomic variables to understand the nature and characteristics of these three twins, their commonality and differences.  The researcher has considered Macroeconomic Stability Index to have a comparative analysis of three phases experiencing these three twins.

Digital marketing is a way of marketing followed by new generation marketers. In recent times traditional practices of marketing come-up to be less effective in terms of giving output. With the growth of technology more and more new age marketers are adapting digital marketing and Instagram is used as a platform for advertising products but a clear statistic idea related to efficiency of digital media marketing especially Instagram is not known. The current survey puts light on the effectiveness of digital media marketing – Instagram in advertisement of products and raised sales of articles. The survey carried shows that Social media platform – Instagram as a potential medium of conducting promotional activities and results in raised sales of a product. Thus, current study opens the future perspective to conduct more research on the connection of different social media platform and shopped articles. 

The aim of this paper is to discusses and to find the alternative ways to tackle the barriers which one might be possibly face during the process of the business and during the running a group of the people as an organization or even to provide the services related to the queries come against any product while using by the people. The fact is that organizations must possess some high capabilities to meet expectations of the highly uncertain, cumbersome and motivated commercial market. The factors are needed to emphasis, to address the problem in the business and three factors are the agile organization, dynamic capabilities and knowledge management. A questionnaire session with the interview session have been used for the study and 85 people out of the 35 startup have been interviewed. These factors are spread among the field search, interviews, processes, approaches, in addition to the handling of the information. Innovation-stage start-ups with greater maturity, level of response growth and stage of innovation of scalability present an advanced degree use of knowledge management performs, approaches besides tools. It is predictable that the findings of research discussed in depth will be able to illustrate detailed examples of large-scale practices, procedures, and information reporting tools fashioned by organizations searching for start-ups to be operationally agile.

In present times, youth and elders are focusing on refining their talents with the advancement of technology more artists are getting encouraged to pursue their career in music industry, along with having the talent in the artist, it is required to strategically market these skills. It has been observed that with step-by-step marketing of an artist’s talent via a digital marketing platform and then investing money in launching that artist gives better results. It is also observed that YouTube plays a significant role when opted as a means of digital marketing, thus, the current survey finds that YouTube works as a potential medium in promoting the talent and results in an increased number of fans of a new artist. Thus, current study opens the future perspective to conduct more research in the connection of different social media platform and marketing strategy.

Digital marketing is the way of marketing followed by new age marketers. In modern times traditional practices of marketing appear to be less effective in terms of giving output. With the advancement of technology new age marketers are moving towards digital marketing. Digital marketing has become a new way of marketing and reaching directly to the target audience without putting much time, but a clear statistic data related to effectiveness of digital media marketing especially Facebook is not known. The current survey puts light on the effectiveness of digital media marketing – Facebook in advertisement of products and increased sales of articles. The survey conducted shows that Social media platform – Facebook as a potential medium of carrying out promotional activities and results in increased sales of a product. Thus current study opens the future perspective to conduct more research on the connection of different social media platform and shopped articles. 

Talent management is a continuous process that consists of retaining as well as attracting high-quality employees, augmenting their skills, and encouraging them continuously to enhance their performance. The main perseverance of talent management is to construct an enthused workforce that will stay with the corporation in the long course. Talent management assists workforces to feel involved, skilled, and encouraged, letting them put the effort into their works to achieve the corporation's business goals, which consecutively, upsurges business performance and client satisfaction. This paper reviews problem with the clarification of talent management and the deficiency of data associating various specialist statements. Later we highlight the researches which maintains a methods-oriented clarification focused on the planned talent management. In the last part, we recommend some forthcoming opportunities in associated research to advance the arena of managing talent and also associate it more thoroughly with the enormous size of activity in strategic human resources management.

Price is indeed a crucial element of any market and can even be essential to the sustainability of the organization. If the prices are not fixed within line with the target audience chosen, it will adversely impact the earnings of the commodity and the business. The primary purpose of every profit-seeking industry is to create revenue and, within order to accomplish this objective, all aspects relating to inventory management, prices and setting prices require to be handled appropriately. The primary objective of this analysis is thus to examine the factors regarded among organizations in their growth. The selling price for products can be determined by a variety of factors that can be classified into two major categories, internal factors with external factors, all of that are discussed in more depth in this article. In order to address factors that affect international marketing networks, which have been the channels through which products and services meet their global consumers. This indicates that suppliers and customers would either be based in the supplier or buyer nation or be present from both countries. Finally, the paper would address generic ads and regional advertising throughout the global market.

Many organizations in the business sector have focused on one tactic or another to win more profit margins for products. An effort made by the organization to get more consumers to buy their products, organizations have always been engaging in this process. Different technologies to help their products compete with the product of rivals, the packaging type is one step to make customers aware of the product. Despite the fact that perhaps the packaging as well as the manner in which the customer determines the benefit/value of the product, the packaging rationale for purchase behaviors has been thoroughly studied and the outcomes have adequately defined the connection among the packaging with the purchasing behavior of a customer. The consumer's shopping behavior depends mostly on packaging as well as its characteristics. Packaging features such as color packaging, context illustration, and packaging content, font type, wrapping design, printed details and novelty are used as indicators. As self-service grows and customers' lifestyles shift, interest in packaging as a product advertising tactic and a catalyst to impulsive purchasing behavior is rising. Package, therefore, plays a key role throughout advertising relations, particularly at the stage of sale, which may be considered to be among the key significant aspects impacting customer buying behaviors.

The study paper reflects on the effect of branding on customer behavior. Brand awareness is a significant consideration here. As the customer is more knowledgeable of a brand but has all the awareness from its price, cost, etc., the further they would be drawn to the brand. The stage of loyalty rises with age. Community is by far the most prominent reference population in the world. Consumers who may be more interactive are influenced by their peers through social media platforms. Consumers who may be more mindful of their position are more apparent over those who haven't conscious of their status. The brand name on customer buying behavior is at the demonstration in buying for products and services. Consumers are impacted by various social, emotional, cultural and behavioral circumstances. The study deals with the findings of the study, the aim of that was to consider the effect of branded product mostly on the influence of customers in buying a product. The goal of the study is to think about the very reality that perhaps a brand does have an impact on the consumer's decision-making method. Throughout the end, it was assumed that the label was affected by the customer's actions in addition to the following contingent and response variables.

Current study utilizes modeling of structural equation to investigate a theoretical social networking prototype that applies to an amount of 34,896 schooling students in India. The most separate frameworks of the prototype concern the children's behavior about social networking, the factors for use of social networking sites, the social media practices and the subjects included.The based systems include perceived teaching success and social effects of social media. The analysis explains the interactions between the various systems. There is also research into the influence of certain factors, such as parental know-how. Our research has enhanced the understanding of the social media paradigm. The findings upkeep the hypothesis that expected efficiency, social communications and social media influence are interrelated. Evidences of an opposite model means that the topic of the construction of social media, its history and future consultation quenches must be closely studied.

In recent years, the globalization of modern organization projects too is growing and may theoretically lead to a wider range of macroeconomic participants seeking overseas markets. Empirical analyses have shown that the development and development through cross-border entrepreneurship can be viewed in the context of the dramatic developments that have taken place over the last decades, which have contributed to a decrease in transaction fees for multinational organizations. The main purpose of this study is to explain the significance of the interaction between the different elements of the marketing environment to gain a strategic edge in the industry. The political, social and technical environment has a great deal of impact on entrepreneurial progress in global markets. The focus of this research is to consider the obstacles which entrepreneurial companies face in attempting to introduce their brands to global marketing. This research followed a secondary method towards collecting data through examining archival literature of inquiry. This study concludes whereby cross-border organization practices are important avenues from which aspiring entrepreneurs can build value, drive development as well as access new information and innovations by their exposure towards international markets.

The nation is a member of the Washington Treaty in 2014 and TIER-I institutions have been compulsory to search for accreditation of programmes, promoting universal accreditation recognition of qualifications and make connections of technology institutes all over the world. To put it another way, technology organizations must aim for continued growth enhancement of different machine sub-components that is, input, physical resources, information, person, capital, curricula, teaching processes, production, performance, working-world contact and mechanism for Feedback. India provides the third-largest network tuition, but also faces issues surrounding connectivity, equity and decent pricing. The key problems facing a country include: translating demographic changes into population dividends, growing the Brutch Inscription Ratio (GER) into higher vocational education, ensuring equal access to technical training in various states and classes, including skilled human capital creation, rural development and infrastructure growth. Such organizations have met with extreme scrutiny because of price declines. India's Government has taken a range of steps in this respect steering. Which include, for example, the State accreditation commission from the AICTE regulatory agency, the introduction of project teachers and training, the proposal on polytechnics under concerted capacity building activity, the drive of ICT, etc. to promote the highest level of technological and economic growth in the country. Adoption at an Institute level must be addressed to improve the quality and develop consistency such as learning and teaching systems, ties with the workforce, full use of resources, the testing environment, personnel preparation in the educational agencies network, and development policy etc. The paper attempts to explain approaches to improve performance and quality in organizations.

With the advancement in technology there is a rapid change in the manner in which individuals live, associate, impart, and lead business. This change is regularly alluded to as the "digital revolution," which is the headway of innovation from simple, electronic and mechanical apparatuses to the technically advanced instruments accessible today. The utilization of digitalization in the learning procedure and training rehearses in formal instructing is exceptionally subjected to the capacity of educators to deliver it without imperiling the lavishness of the study hall condition, to be specific the consideration that understudies need to follow the progression of argumentation and to ensure the nature of the inquisitive. In this paper, a research is made on the impact of technology in the modern era and how it impact the life of the scholars, graduates and alike as yet more advancements have to be done in the implementation of digital technology in the study hall and on the performance of the educator particularly on how performing various tasks influences the educator job in-class in delivering and explaining the content in a more precise manner that is easy for the students to grab things more easily.

In all facets of human life, knowledge and communication technology (ICTs) are becoming indissoluble entities. The utilization of ICT has profoundly modified the processes and methods of nearly any type of job, policy and public services. ICT have started to participate in education although it hasn't had as much impact as compared to other areas of activity. The transition from environment to new medias and information has increased the importance of Information and Communication Technologies in education and will continue to expand and to evolve in the 21st century. ICT is a vital aspect of the new environment. ICT is an integral feature. Society and culture in fact have to be adapted to the difficulties of era of knowledge. The standard and quantity of schooling in tertiary educational establishments has undeniably influenced ICT. There needs to be a clear emphasis on the numerous constraints on ICT usage as a higher education change agent, such that ICT continues to perform its high position in transforming tertiary institutions.

India has been a permanent member of the Washington Convention since 2014, and TIER-I institutions are required to promote universal accreditation, recognize qualifications, and establish connections with technical institutions around the world to obtain program accreditation. In additional words, technological institutions should struggle for the nonstop development of the numerous mechanisms of the machine: inputs, physical capitals, statistics, people, capital and resources, prospectus and learning processes, manufacturing, productivity, work-life relationships and feedback mechanisms. India offers the third largest network education, but faces accessibility, justice and affordability issues. The country's main challenges include: converting demographic income to demographic dividends, cumulative gross enrollment ratio (GER) for higher education, and equitable access to qualifying education in other provinces and distributions. The Indian government has taken a lot of steps in this course. For specimen, establishing the state accreditation committee as an independent body for launching teacher training, funding student projects, supporting ICT, etc. Also there is curriculum and development process for education connection with the working world, full use of equipment, research environment, recruitment in educational institutions, technical policy upgrade, raising standards and adopting an institutional approach to achieving excellence. This document aims to show such types of initiatives that can help organizations improve their efficiency and strive for excellence.

Today, education has become a competitive field where ambitions are marginalized. Those conflicts relate to caste, class aspects however, most importantly, gender. Girls make up a greater proportion of India's deprived child population. This article seeks to understand the intersecting cycle of removing the girl kids from the education system. The methods the government pursued to tackle these problems appeared to be inaccessible and scattered. The simple existence of teenagers in schools is insufficient measure of challenges face in schools or in the gendered world outside. To address their specific vulnerabilities a complete, multi-sectorial expansion needs to be developed. Capitalizing in schooling for girl’s changes relations, nations and the biosphere at large. Girls receiving a teaching are less likely to marry young and can lead a healthy, productive life. Teaching for girls recovers frugalities and disruptions down dissimilarity. Also it leads to more protected inclusive societies that deliver occasions for all individuals-including boys and men-to understand their possible.

Indian schooling history have the origin in the ancient times in which Gurukul systems were followed–the systems in which the student lived at their teacher's house unless the Guru or teacher believes that the student has gained everything, he/she can. The topics imparted diverse from Scriptures to Mathematics to Sanskrit and the acquired learning would be imparted down through the generation. Though, during the Colonial period this system was introduced after the Britishers established school that taught a coursework limited to topics like science, maths etc. India's global ranking in education fell to 93 in 2014. This composed by a string of scandals that the Sector of Education in India is experiencing, suggests the urgent requirement to push out changes in our teaching systems. Indian education systems became associated with tests, school exams, entry examinations, markings. Schools have a crucial part to play in influencing the professional and social development of an individual. The Indian traditional schools are based on educating the children to confront the demanding outside environment. We promote tests and assignments as methods for evaluating the students’ performance. Whether or not a child became familiar with the points he / she received. This paper discloses about the changes that education system needs to incorporate.

Since ancient times India have always exaggerate of the rich tradition in the field of education and learning. It is well acknowledged that peoples from other countries like Europe, Middle East & Portugal came to India to obtain a quality of education. The anciently implemented popular education systems in India was The Gurukul Method. The topics learned differed from Sanskrit to Scriptures to Logic and Metaphysics, and the gained wisdom would be passed down through the generations. However, during the Colonial period this system was introduced when the British established schools that accompanied a curriculum limited to subjects such as mathematics, science etc. While the old system included more contact with nature, the new program was directed more towards school. Activities like yoga, meditation, singing etc. developed and equipped positivity and satisfaction. Often, it was obligatory to do regular chores on their own with a desire to communication practical knowledge. All of these have helped in development of persona & increased confidence, intellect, sense of discipline and awareness that is required to face the real world that lies ahead even today. This paper discloses about the Gurukul schooling method and its difference to modern schooling.

The analysis of banking is as interesting because of its size and scope as ever. Development steady. Liberalization, fiscal and technical changes Modernization has pushed the banking industry to become competitive. The need for competitive people has been created by competition. Each bank has begun to take Decisions on human capital concerning their competing banks. It gave birth to the implementation of strategic control of human capital, where human resources are Strategies are formulated with the opponent in mind. The bank has become more of a bank today. The objective of the study is to make a comparison of Nationalized and Private Banks' Strategic Human Resource Management Practices. Conclusions drawn are generalizations reached by bearing in mind the goal and goals of the analysis from the outcomes that are related to hypotheses. The results and assumptions are focused on the primary and secondary interpretation of knowledge. An effort is made to shed light on the way and extent of execution of the plan by description and results. Suggestions are made based on these observations and assumptions to analyze banks for their previous success and conditions for potential improvement. Specific attempts are being made to achieve the goals of this study and to open up a new basis for future research and further studies in this field.

Cooperation can be said as cooperatively cooperating alongside different individuals from the association to accomplish the endorsed objectives of the association. Cooperation is extremely basic in an association to reduce the remaining burden and all things considered play out all the undertakings of the association in a proficient way. It can profit the association in a since quite a while ago hurries to support on the lookout and to make the best out of the relative multitude of assets in the association. This examination focuses on how the cooperation can affect the general states of the association and how they can have a positive power both on the association just as the representatives.

Project management requires a company's capital to schedule and coordinate a particular mission or responsibility to perform. This may be a one-time initiative or constant operation, and managed resources include employees, finance, technologies and intellectual property. Project management is also related to the areas of architecture and design and later to healthcare and IT, which usually require a complex series of parts to be finalized and assembled to produce a workable product. Project management is mostly conducted by project managers to help identify project priorities and objectives and decide whether and who are to complete the different project components. They also produce quality controls to guarantee that products that are completed follow a certain requirement. This review article discussed the fundamentals of project management including the importance of project management, core components of project management and the iron triangle of project management.

This paper illustrates the relationship betweenemployee participation in problem-solving and decision making and perceived administrative performance. Concurrently, the concept of employee participation was studied by implanting it within the perspective of a national belief. The operative use of employee participation is confidently related to superficial administrative performance. More specifically, employee involvement and empowerment plans, and the habit of self-handling teams have a straight noteworthy link to the decision-making perception of the administrative performance. According to the results obtained, the enterprises are cheered to adopt employee participation agendas to boost performance, competitiveness and growth on the local and international marketplace.

The role of human resources (HR) in an organization is very critical and exploring at the same time. Human resources are the first person who builds a relationship between company and employee. The way HR represents the organization to the company is the same way an employee sees its organization. Various type of companies and organizations works for a different domain but HR department is commonly present in all. In this paper, a brief study is done in the context of the role and duties of HR, a personal interview is conducted for various HR students and employees in different phases. Their responses are being shared in this paper. From a future perspective, various aspects of HR can be analyzed and learned from this by learners & researchers.

Emotional intelligence has been focused in recent times as the competition is going to increase day by day.  The handle of the emotional become more relevant in the competitive atmosphere. The youngster has to face the competition in their studies and sport, the adult has to handle their carries and sometimes their love life also. The employed person has to face a lot of stress at their workplace; even today’s fast-moving world has no guarantee of any misfortune in an individual’s life. Therefore, one needs to be emotionally enough strong to handle or control their emotions to come out from any unexpected circumstances. The emotional quotient has become a more sensitive issue to discuss apart from the intelligence quotient. The present paper has been written to address the level of the emotional intelligence of school-going students. 

The global market condition and strategies of the organizations have been changing rapidly to coup the fluctuating circumstances of the business world. These change are being taken place due to the satirical movement or the rapid innovation in almost every sector of the businesses regardless of the size and market capitalization of the businesses. Therefore, it is very necessary for the corporate houses to amalgamate the such technological advancement that have capabilities to meet the current demand of organization to improve the working conditions. The solution of this has stopped at the implementation of the IT based technology or the upgrade the existing technologies with the help of the IT. Thus, outcome of this has emerged as the integration of the knowledge management with the IT and this will assist the managers to reduces the production input, and at the same time increase the productivity and net profit to the organization and even, make the business management easy than ever. This new implementation has been studies in this paper with the implementation of the Knowledge Management System (KMS).

In current years, corporate companies are paying extra attention towards developing strategic plans for their organization to develop its performance and quality of work. Firms should try to implement planning and not only any simple planning, the planning should be strategic and effective if they have to survive in today's competitive business world. The objective of the presented paper is to compare the characteristics and nature of strategic planning implemented in the companies of India and the United Kingdom. To do so, a questionnaire was sent to 500 companies from the UK and India. Based on the data collected from the companies, a comparison was done and it was found out that there are numerous differences between the implementation of strategic planning in both countries. This research provides some important facts and insights to the Eastern and Western companies, strategic planning implementation to the business. 

The world economy is witnessing a transition. All companies are transformed into information-based operations through online technologies. The pace of technical transition is so exponential that modern electronic commerce is now making significant shifts in the economic environment, impacting all areas of industry. The Web has expanded companies' scope. The vast quantity of business information made accessible by the global network that facilitates the gathering of information between firms, a corporation, its clients and the various divisions of a business is increasing exponentially. The information-based virtual value chains for any company cannot be overlooked operationally or strategically. This review article discussed the aspects of electronic commerce including its importance, facilitators, benefits, challenges and scope in the Indian market.

In this modern world, full of technology, mental health is affecting the most. Various factors are there that are influencing the mental health such as stress, social media, personal life issues, tension about maintaining the social image, and many more similar factors are there that hamper the mental health of people these days. Some factors are controllable but some are really not. This research paper is all focused about to study and realize the management of inter relationship between mental health and use of technology along with its impact. In this research paper, a general counselling is done on youth and teenagers aging from (15-30 years) with the help of questionnaire and personal interview of individuals. This analysis helps in understanding the management done by different people. From future perspective, this study may help researchers to better understand about how to make balance between technology and mental health in life.

This study completes an analysis of the literature reviewed of frameworks that include a sensible hedging of corporations and also discusses the issues of corporate finance, including funding and acquisition. Hedging is either a related insurance policy or an associated operation to reduce the association between the cost and the random variable associated with the selling of by-products. It has been inferred that the hedge company lowers several costs such as trouble value, organization valuation and the cost of leverage while considering the fashionable financial theories once calmly developed by Miller and Modigliani (M-M). In addition, the area unit of hedging designs clarified the detrimental option reduction. The mostly focused models of the related integrative manner are also gifts in the review process. Organizational risk management is one of the most important questions for managers and clients. The risks management of the firm mostly relies on hedging by retaining futures or making policies to reduce unnecessary damage as a result of negative movements of the underlying properties. Throughout this study the analysis concentrates on risk-neutral non-financial companies only. It summarizes diverse theoretical and analytical studies which have economic basis for non-financial companies' hedger operation in the financial system.

The whole world has been disrupted by the pandemic of Covid-19. The lockdown in various countries has immensely affected the education of students. Students can no longer interact with their teacher on one to one basis. This has caused a shift from the traditional classrooms learning to the computer based learning and it may be the largest change in the educational system till date.  The online learning has become new normal in India due to pandemic, it becomes necessary to keep track of its growth & to find out whether it is capable of fulfilling student’s primary objective i.e. learning. Therefore, the present study was designed to understand and find out students point of view, perspective and objective on ground level. This study could be used in future to overcome the found limitations and help in implementing a more effective online education process for students of all levels.

Electronic learning (e-Learning) is the most advance and modern method of teaching and learning process. In this process teachers and students both are involved virtually and synchronize accordingly in order to deliver the knowledge full content. These days due to COVID-19, life was stuck somewhere in every family, every school / college but then e-learning was the only medium to teach students with safety at home. In this paper, a brief discussion is done on concept of e-learning and a survey has been done in nearby society where students from middle class and lower class families lives. In future as use of technology is keep increasing, more and more education methods will be required to uplift the lower class families by supporting them and dealing with them in knowledge full way.

In modern world, new emerging technologies are emerging on daily basis. As the technologies are increasing day by day, human is getting more and more dependent of it. ICT is one of the most advanced technology that is being used by millions of people worldwide. In this research work, impact of ICT, and its role in our daily life in different sectors has been studied in brief. A methodology is presented about how ICT works in online banking android application as these days, online payments is trending and widely used by millions of people to avoid cash payments during Covid-19 pandemic. In upcoming time, ICT will reduce 70% of the human efforts and automatic work done will be the new trend in many sectors such as education sector, daily life, administration, health care and hospitality etc. from future perspective this research work may help learners to better understand the facts about ICT.

The education system was brought into existence for the very reason that education is intrinsic to the growth of an individual which eventually leads to the growth of society, state, country, continent and ultimately the world. Hence, education is the single most important element that is intrinsic to the growth and development of the society without a single doubt. It is important to dive deeper into the purpose, shortcomings, issues and areas needing improvement and this paper specifically deals with these areas. The primary purpose of education is to advise or mentor an individual to live his life in a useful and meaningful method. The diversity in the quality of education is be one of difficulty or complication in the education system is diversity in the quality of education. It is true that the character or excellence of education is a reflection of prosperity. Hence this research paper highlights the problems of the Indian education system, the main areas that have been highlighted are the need and importance of education and the primary challenges of this system, with suggestions for improving it.

English learning for scholastic motive has grown rapidly over the last few years. From deferential beginnings in the early years as a comparatively fringe branch of the English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it is present time main force in the English-language research and teaching worldwide. Building on its strength from a range of hypotheses and dedication to research depend languages instruction, English learning for scholastic motive has grown with development of the university positions in several countries & the increasing number of foreign students pursuing tertiary English studies. As a result, English learning for scholastic motive is now at the forefront of both the development of theory and ideas that lead in English as the teaching method as the second another language. The author describes the components of English learning for the scholastic motive.

India's government has introduced a national program to save and educate children, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (B3P), by strict ban on sex determinant abortion prenatal Diagnostic Technique and Surgical Termination Acts of Pregnancy, and social mobilization. This research was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the intervention to increase the sex proportion at birth (SRB) in Haryana state. Prearranged SRB data (characterized as girls per 1000 boys) have been obtained for the entire state from the civil registration system. Haryana to evaluate the impact of B3P program. The study of time series regression has used to estimation the change in SRB subsequently program B3P. The sex ratio condition in Haryana has also improved over the time from 827(in 2005) to 900 (in 2016). The B3P program has successfully changed the mentally of the people towards the girl children and they also motivated to educate them in rural area. The sex ratio is also improving at various rural area of India

The area of education management and leadership is pluralist, with many conflicting views and the resulting lack of consensus on the specific disciplinary existence. Educational leadership is of great importance in early part of the 21^st Century because of the common perception that leadership efficiency is the school and student outcomes are significantly different. Additionally, there is growing awareness that schools need successful leaders and administrators to provide their learners with the education they should be. Schools required committed and trained teachers but in turn they need highly effective leadership & support from different senior and middle managers. Although the required for successful leader is generally recognized, there is far less assurance about which leaderships practices are more likely to deliver desirable outcomes. Paper explore the theoretical staining for the fields of management and educational leadership, analyze various leaderships model, & address the proof of their comparative efficacy in creating productive schools.

In the present work, a review was carried out on the studies carried out in different parts of the world, on the analysis techniques used to evaluate the concentrations of lead in various products for human consumption. A review was made of 25 arbitrary scientific articles from three databases SCOPUS, Science direct and Google academic, published from 2016 to February 2021, identifying 15 countries of origin, the country with the highest number of publications was the results with the Codex quality standard.

In 1995 the National Primary Education Nutrition Support Program was launched with two main objectives: Universalization of elementary education and enhancement of primary school student's nutritional status. The dominant government offered 100 g of wheat / rice per day to children in classes I to V throughout the province, local authorities and the Government helped the elementary schools. Hot cooked meals were provided by Kerala, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh and MP Cereals providing but other states and UTs provided 3 kg of cereals / month to 80 percent attendance for children. By 2001 there were more than 100 systems had served millions of students in 7, 92,000 colleges. In 2001, India's Supreme Court governed that midday meal (MDM) is a legitimate claim for school children, and also that the administration would have to deliver all primary school children with a hot cooked midday meal for 200 days. Universal primary schooling and MDM have also been accomplished in the last decade. MDM provides roughly 100 million children with hot cooked meals each day. MDM’s cereal content is sufficient but MDM’s pulse but vegetable quality is insufficient. Under-nourished school health facilities in coordination with MDM can be identified; Usage of the Body Mass Index (BMI) for aged for healthy and over-nourished children, as well as provide adequate therapy and treatment. If this method is implemented and regularly practiced, and the nutritional child is diagnosed can be considerably improved.

Knowledge management strategy roadmap consists of several stages to implement knowledge management in three government organizations that manage the process of managing the government's human capital. They are the Minister of State for State Organization Modernization (KEMENPAN & RB), National Civil Service Departments (BKN), and National Public Administration Institute (LAN). Generally speaking, this KM plan framework addresses three critical facets of human resource management by government that involve individuals, procedures, and technologies. This work explains the implementation of the KM strategy using multi-methods OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument), evaluation of difference analysis and evaluation of risk analysis. Questionnaire and interviews are conducted to discover data relating to the government's human capital management KM strategy roadmap. The outcome of the roadmap for the KM plan was confirmed using expert judgement. Research finding the KM strategy roadmap for managing government human capital was described in three criteria and three phases. There are individuals (three phase), mechanism (three phase), technologies (two phase), and each phase has its own strategic plan of action.

The article discusses the concept of ‘e-learning’ from the point of logical and semantic analysis. The formation of the ‘e-learning’ concept in the context of information development and communication technologies and their implementation in the educational process is analyzed. The ambiguity of understanding the meaning of ‘e-learning’ and ‘distance learning’ terms are established, the relationship of electronic, computer, distance, mobile, mixed, online learning concepts is revealed. Among the meaningful features of the e-learning concept, there are semantic, logical, technological, and didactic aspects. The author concludes that the content of this concept is poorly developed at the didactic level, which leads to the risk of reducing the quality of teaching, ‘blurring’ the effect of e-learning in pedagogical practice. It is proposed to consider the formation of the concept of ‘e-learning’ as a separate new didactic category.

Further provisions regarding cashback as an expense in calculating income tax have not been regulated explicitly in taxation regulations in Indonesia. This is because the term cashback has just recently appeared. This study aims to understand the treatment of cashbacks in calculating income tax for digital wallet companies. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results show that while the application of taxable-deductible principle does not clearly determine cash back as a deductible expense, digital wallet companies may utilize a nominative list for taxation provision. The existence of a nominative list is proof that cashback is not fictitious expense.

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the influence of gender characteristics on transformation of the adult identity. It was revealed that identity is directly connected with gender characteristics of personality. It was found that gender characteristics, as well as sex, age, marital status and education have the most profound impact on the specificity of the transformation of adult identity. Criteria and specificity of crisis identity of the adult personality are considered. Criteria and specifics of the crisis identity of an adult are also examined.

Bipolar disorder is a depressive fact that makes manic illness pressures in young ages due to the non-intensive nature of brain functions, energy levels, mood-outs, and health disorders. These abnormalities may affect student performance under the learning strategies of students. Improvement of bipolar disorder affected student performance needs more data analysis forums   that lead to high dimensional nature of features. The problem is that non-relation feature analysis depends on the nature of student fitness that creates low prediction during classifications for students' motivation. To resolve this problem, a Psychotic motivation is proposed for improving student performance based on Pattern Learner Features (PLF) using Intra Segment Recurrent Deep Neural Network (ISRDNN) for bipolar disorder students. The proposed system makes student academic data's with physical fitness data collection progressive approach to predict important features to classify the result. Bipolar Disorder Influence Rate (BDIR) is usedto spill the progressive student defectives and the learning capabilities for classification result. With Intra Segment Activation Function (ISAF), the recurrent neural network is optimized to classify the result. This classifier improved the student's academic performance based on psychological motivation recommendations. Results prove that the accuracy of the proposed system produces high results compared to the previous system.

In Vietnam, regulations on resignation, dismissal, and resignation are commonly used methods to replace the leadership position of officials for different reasons when the term is not over association or term of appointment. This article only focuses on the resignation of cadres because this is a new issue and very unlikely to be feasible in Vietnam in particular and countries of Eastern cultures. The author of the article will deeply analyze the causes of the weak situation in the resignation culture in Vietnam and propose solutions to ensure the feasibility of the resignation in the future. These solutions, if implemented, will be one of the best ways to screen and replace ineffective officials, fail to complete their tasks, and ensure their capacity, prestige, morality, and strength, etc. without waiting for the end of term, expiration of appointment, or the end of working age. Since then, the resignation will become a normal part of the work of the cadres and become the behavioral culture of the cadres.

In this article for the first time are considered the aspects of positive discrimination state politics in the context of its impact on the processes of social integration, vertical social mobility and economic growth rate. The comparative analysis of positive discrimination models in USSR and Western countries has been carried out. The repercussions of the Russia’s abandonment of the positive discrimination politics are distinguished. The actuality of the analysis of the forms of vertical social mobility stimulation is based on their potential impact on economic growth in the conditions of high social inequality and the growing tendency to global social polarization. The high level of social inequality is a barrier to upward mobility, the expansion of economic activity and the dynamic economic growth.
The article justifies the importance of the open social system as a transparent system of social elevators for economic growth’ acceleration and states the correlation between the level of vertical social mobility and the economic growth in long-term perspective.
The methodology of the research is based on the complex approach to the problem of vertical social mobility and the use of the models of positive discrimination, and the comparative analysis of the Soviet and Western practice of its applying is carried out. The article is based on the research of the processes of vertical social mobility and social inequality rate codependence in the context of understanding of social inequality rate as a social and economic development prospects’ indicator.
The modern Russian scholars view the problem of positive discrimination in the predominantly negative light: as a Soviet legacy, within the paradigm of understanding the Soviet society as totalitarian. Whereas in Western society the use of positive discrimination models is widely studied as a factor of lowering the social inequality and strengthening the social integration within the separate social spheres: politics, industry, education, gender and race relations.
The article for the first time names the problem of national importance of positive discrimination as a factor of increasing the social system openness and the acceleration of economic growth in long-term perspective.
The research can be considered as a review of the examples of the positive discrimination models usage and the invitation to further discussion on the perspectives of wider applying of the positive discrimination models as an indirect factor of strengthening the social integration and economic growth stimulation.

Nowadays the problem of the society stratification is actual for any country. Multi-cultural states face the problem of religious stratification but it has not been studied and researched enough to find the proper solution to keep the society and population being united. Due to migration and immigration process and the globalization of the economy the process of religious stratification will concern any country and even those that have religious homogenous society. The consequences of this process and the solution to cope with this problem are proposed in this article. We took an example of the USA as it is multi-religious, cultural and race country, in which the stratification on any feature can be vividly seen in its harmful results. The analysis and studying of the achievement of status and life path traditions of the population in multi-national countries give a full picture of the religious stratification and its consequences for the society and show religion influences upon inequality.

This study aimed at investigating the reasons for the English low achievement level among the second secondary students in Qabatya district schools, and suggested remedies tackling this weakness.
The questions of the research were:
-          Who stood behind the low achievement in English language that faces Tawjihi students as perceived by English teachers and students in Qabatya district (teacher or student)?
-          Were there any significant differences in Reasons behind low achievement in English language for Tawjihi students as perceived by the teachers due to (gender, qualification and experience)?
-          Were there any significant differences in Reasons behind low achievement in English language for Tawjihi students as perceived by the students due to (gender and stream)?
In order to fulfill the objectives of this study; the researcher used a cross-sectional design based on questionnaires distributed. 63 questionnaire items were set to identify the reasons for the low English achievement level among the secondary school students in Qabatya district. This study targeted English language teachers and Tawjihi students in Qabatya district to measure Reasons behind low achievement in English language scores for Tawjihi students and suggested remedies.
The results of the questionnaire showed that:
- Teachers thought that the main reason for low achievement in English language according to the items in the teacher questionnaire are related to “Students not well constructed in English language from the beginning”. This item received an 89.33% of the English language teachers’ agreement.
In addition, teachers considered English language classes’ quantity is not enough as a second main reason for low achievement for Tawjihi students. This statement received 89.63%.
Other important factors for low achievement which also received a high degree of agreement include “Students only care to pass the Tawjihi English exam” and “Students dislike English language”.
On the other hand, Tawjihi students that their low achievement in English is because their Parents ignore their low grades in English, the teachers lack proficiency and Teachers mostly use mother tongue in the class.  These Were the most important reasons for their low achievement.
There were no statistically significant differences in means that at (p value = 0.05) in Reasons behind low achievement in English language for Tawjihi students due to academic qualification for the teachers, experience and gender.
There were no statistically significant differences in means that at (p value = 0.05) in Reasons behind low achievement in English language for Tawjihi students from Tawjihi students perceptive   due to stream and gender.
The researcher suggested an instructional program for tackling this weakness and gives relevant recommendations.
The most significant were:
-          English language teachers should attend training courses before entering the class for the first time.
-          It is strongly recommended that low achieving students should attend classes away from others with different content material.
-          Schools should be fixed to suit the curriculum demands and the students’ age challenges.???
-          It is necessary to add two more English periods to the weekly English periods.

The global stocks of energy resources are reducing with each year, and their extraction demands more and more investments. The authorities of the developed countries put lots of effort into the energy efficiency technologies development and their implementation into the life of society and business processes. The aim of this article is to consider the strategic prospects of “green” economic development and justify the central place of energy saving and energy efficiency in the system of business priorities for its innovative impact on production development, including the decrease of the final product price. The choice of case study countries – the USA, Canada, the EU, the UK, Japan, China, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Russia – allowed to present the diversity of approaches to energy efficiency and saving programs within different social and political cultures. The first part of the article is dedicated to the government programs on energy efficiency and energy saving which are used in many world countries in order not only to improve the environmental situation but also to make the enterprises develop their production technologies and use the energy resources rationally. The second part of the article is devoted to the new alternative sources of energy and the technologies that help to reduce energy use in the everyday life. The importance of building close interconnection of state policy for energy efficiency and innovative business development as the source of opportunities for conducting technological modernization of industrial production focused on the use of advanced energy-saving technologies is stressed.

Switching behavior alludes to customers relinquishing or abandoning an item because of disenchantment from the services provided, which urges him/her to switch from the existing provider of goods/services, to its competitor offering the same commodity. In lieu of understanding and measuring the impact of customer switching behavior and its impact in the market, a systematic review has been attempted to examine the findings of the existing literature available in the domain, theories and postulations, including factors, which are inherent to specific industries across the market and suppositions, which are prevalent in general.
This research is driven to uncover means to identify and recognize ways, whereby industries can prevent attrition, and retain customers .
The study, however, revealed that customer switching behavior is rampant and prevalent across industries and companies including Banking and Insurance Sectors, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sector (FMCG), and the Telecommunication Industry.

Competency mapping is one of the sought after term in the domain of HR irrespective of the nature of the organization.  The term competency mapping has always taken as an important factor because of its analytical nature in assessing the employability level of workers.  Though the nature of job and the job description varies, the technique of understanding the need between whatemployees possess and what the organization want from an employee always stay evergreen.  Keeping this as an objective, the present study attempted to find the competency gap analysis among 150 employees of a private manufacturing organization located in Tamilnadu, India.  The study implemented the Radar analysis to measure the competency gap and also the same was done for assessing selective skill set of the employees.  The present study found a very less gap between the expected and actual competency of employees which infers that the present organization has competent employees and they are also found to be less deviating from the expected competency which can be eliminated by organizing training needs. 

In the current business environment dividend payout is very important matter and especially in evaluating the performance of the firms. Dividend is defined as a part of the profits which is paid to the share-holders reciprocally for investing their money within the organization. The key element in firm, when it comes to performance evaluation is selecting successfully and using the dividend policy appropriately. The main aim for investigating this paper is to know the consequence of dividend payout in the performance-evaluation of the top IT companies- India from the past 10 years of time i.e., from 2012-2021. Four variables named: 1. Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), 2. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), 3. Return on Equity (ROE), and 4. Return on Assets (ROA). All 4 of this is used by researchers to carry out the analysis. Here in this research work Performance evaluation is considered as dependent variable by Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Assets (ROA) and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as independent variable. Secondary data of the variables are gathered from balance-sheet and the statements of income of the top 5 IT companies taken for the study. The secondary data collected for this research work is analyzed and appropriate statistical tools like ANOVA single factor, and correlation technique and descriptive statistics is used. The researcher’s results states that the DPR is related with all variables dependent i.e., ROCE, ROA and ROE, which is used in the study. 

The main aim of this study is to establish the relationship between dividend payout and firms profitability among the top Pharmaceutical Companies operating in India. Secondary data is used for carrying out the present study. Statistical techniques like correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied for analyzing the data. The major findings based on the results of Cipla showed a significant relationship between profitability and dividend payout and the remaining companies showed insignificant result. But in the statistical tool correlation analysis, majority of the Pharmaceutical Company taken for the study showed a strong positive correlation between dividend profitability and dividend payout. The major conclusion is inferred from this study that there is a relevancy in the dividend payout and firms profitability that improves the shareholders wealth.

Aviation sector employees, who have an important role in the aviation industry, wear out both physically and psychologically due to the heavy working conditions of their work and the difficulties of working in the service sector. These difficulties cause stress and burnout on employees, such as intense competition, high performance and productivity expectations, time pressure and excessive workload. Hence, the commitment of the employees to their organizations decreases over time. As a result of preventing work stress, there may be a decrease in the burnout levels of the employees and an increase in the organizational commitment of the employees.

Creativity has been acknowledged as one of the predominant factors influencing individual’s contribution in various domains of life. History shows, that creative people possess unusual traits which make them different from their less creative counterparts. The present study was carried out on a group of reputed creative persons (national award winners) in the field of performing arts, visual arts and  innovators in the area of science and technology. The total sample size is 180 (50 performing artists, 50 visual artists, 30 innovators, and 50 corporate executives which constituted the control group)  aged  between 30-65 years. For this purpose Standard Progressive Matrices developed by Ravens (1996) was used for screening purpose, in addition to  the NEO-FFI-3 (Costa and McCrae, 1992) which was used to assess the Big 5 personality areas of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. To achieve the objectives Mean, SD, Kruskal Wallis ‘H’ test followed by Maan-Whitney ‘U’testwere the statistical tests used. Finally discriminant analysis was applied to strengthen the predictive validity of the test.  Results yielded that out of the three creative groups, innovators were found to have a significantly higher mean value on openness to experience and conscientiousness, performing artists were found to have a significantly higher score on extraversion and agreeableness while visual artists were found to score high on neuroticism. Finally, openness to experience was found to be the most discriminating factor between the creative and the less creative (corporate executives).

The Me Too movement focuses on the experiences of sexual violence survivors. Me Too movement works on empowerment through empathy by showing the planet just how common harassment is and by telling survivors that they aren’t alone — and are supported. Various researches show, how media support uplifted a group movement into a social movement.  The movement has provided a source of solidarity for ladies from all backgrounds who have experienced harassment.

Any risk response strategy (RRS) tends to change the risk status in the project. Trivially, the response is designed to improve the risk status, but it may not necessarily work as planned or the outcome may extend beyond the effect of the specific risk for which the response was planned. There are cases where implementing a response eliminates the risk but reciprocally arises other risks for the project. Most of the existing RRSs are focused on eliminating the primary risks without considering the secondary and residual risks that may arise during the implementation stage. This is while secondary risks can be a direct result of performing an activity that is originally designed to respond to a primary risk. It is then evident that determining an appropriate set of measures for responding to risks plays an important role in the success of a project. In addition, it is important to note that a secondary risk that arises from implementing an RRS to a primary risk must be treated in a similar way to the primary risk itself, because, similar to primary risks, secondary and residual risks impose negative impacts on the project performance and hence must be responded adequately. Sometimes, responding to a primary risk results in such a serious secondary risk that makes the situation even worse than it was before implementing the response to the primary risk. Therefore, considering secondary and residual risks along with the primary risks is a vital step toward successful implementation of a project. In this study, an optimization model was proposed for RRS selection against primary and secondary risks. Compared to the model proposed by Zhao (2018), the present work offers a core novelty that prevents the selection of predefined strategies while considering two dimensions when formulating responses to primary and secondary risks, namely time and cost. Moreover, as a metaheuristic method, genetic algorithm was herein used to solve large-scale problems.

Abortion practice has now become an actual phenomenon that can occur everywhere. The number of deaths due to abortion is very appalling and alarming. Based on data from World Health Organization (WHO), it is stated that 15-50% death of mother was resulted from miscarriage on purpose, which is not very safe. Under our law (hukum positif) particularly in Indonesia, abortion acts in some cases can be justified if it only relates to abortus provocatus medicinal condition. On the contrary, an abortion act which is generalized might become a criminal act that is commonly known as abortus provocatus criminalis.In this thesis, the writer discusses the problems concerning the concept of the law related to abortion criminal act pursuan to Indonesian Penal Law (KUHP) and Health Act No. 36 year 2009 using descriptive analysis method which does not apply hypothesis or testing a theory.  This research originates from the idea that there are problems related to concept and actual law implementation concerning abortion as a criminal act based on our Penal Law (KUHP) and Health Act No. 36 year 2009.  The analysis concept law meant in this thesis is to peruse Indonesian Penal Law and Acts No. 36 year 2009 concerning abortion as criminal act.  The writer uses secondary data which is comprised of primary material, secondary and tertiary law.on the findings and discussion, it is concluded that the application of Indonesian Penal Law and Health Act as ground or standing of the law to become Judge’s own consideration has yet to be realized or applied consistently to abortion as criminal act. In addition, it appears that there is a lack of enforcement of the law on the part of the law enforcer agency in resolving abortion-related problems and thus contributing to the problematic and debatable status of abortion

A cross-sectional study was carried out which was containing 430 respondents randomly sampled from students at universities, all in the age group of 18-24 years from Firozabad district. A standardized stress scale is used to measure stress. On the bases of 10 factors of stress the demographic study of stress level in university students has been done. In general, average level of stress has been observed in all students. For most of the student this study is related to educational activities to measure stress. Sometimes many types of stressors in the family, society and school inadvertently affect the students psychologically whose continuously negative effects gradually push the students towards distress. In college teachers can make aware students about the stress management and can provide various bases to reduce stress level.

Management has been creating a lot of buzz and gaining significant consideration from the practitioners in the last decade. Though, the academic circle is full of literature on existing work related to talent management and employee retention. The objective of this research paper is to systematically present the existing body of knowledge to set the agenda for the future scope of the study. This paper uses the methodology of (Junior et al. 2010; Seuring, 2013).WOS database was used to find the published article between 2011 -2017. The findings revealed that studies are talking in the same line and themes are not diverse in nature. The same idea is being repeated, so there is a need to giving a new perspective and direction to talent management studies. Many conceptual studies are yet not tested and approved for generalization, in such cases, empirical studies can play a major role in setting up further scope of the study. Furthermore, manufacturing industries and developing countries can be in the spotlight in order to fulfill the current gap in talent management and employee retention-related practices.

In Pakistan, higher education institutions are focus to increase the integration of information and communication technologies into teaching the curriculum and programs. The demographic variables of the instructors influence the teaching competencies of the instructors. The main aim of this research is to identify the influences of the demographic variables on the teaching competencies of the instructors in a virtual setting. The improvement and utilization of technological tools influence to improve online education. The ‘online teaching competencies (OTCs) matrix was applied as the theoretical framework for the current research. An exploratory study was conducted in the three universities of Pakistan those who are offering online programs and courses to their students. The sample of the study was consist of 250 online instructors. Data was collected through a standardized Five-point Likert scale questionnaire developed by (Bigatel, Ragan, Kennan, May, &; Redmond, 2012). Multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the data. The finding shows that the demographic variables ‘experience’ and ‘qualification’ influence as compare to the ‘number of professional training events’ and their ‘age’ on the teaching competencies of the instructors. The finding suggested that the quality of the professional training events for the instructors should be conducted and improved.

Reforms in the formation of a stable and effective economy in our country are now demonstrating their results. In particular, significant progress has been made in the implementation of deep structural changes in the economy, strengthening the growth of incomes, efficient foreign trade and investment processes, stable development of the banking and financial system. At present, the socio-economic development of the world is drastically different from the previous stages in terms of probation. In this case, the main and important aspects are intensifying the integration and globalization of national economies. This article discusses the banking system infrastructure, in particular, the theoretical infrastructure of the bank infrastructure, its elements, its characteristics and procedures for establishing. There are also problems with the formation and development of the banking infrastructure in the country and provides practical proposals for their elimination.
 

Power distribution system acts as a bridge between the customers and the utility. With changing times, the consumer’s expectation is not power supply to them but a reliable and quality power supply with timely redressal of complaints. With the advent of IT and mobile technologies changing our lives, consumers expect the utilities with accurate metering and billing free from any errors with facilities like online payment of bills and from mobile applications. Deregulated market operations are adopted by the major electric power utilities throughout the world because of the restricting process occurring rapidly. The only purpose to have stiff competition in the market of power sector is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the firms and at the same time to reduce the overall cost of the electricity and the simultaneous burden on the consumers. There is a constant need for generation, transmission and distribution of the electricity because this energy cannot be stored in large quantity or for a long period of time. Choosing between the parameters, continuous supply of electricity is given due preference over cost of the electrical energy. The deregulated structure has been adopted by the power firms in the nation just to meet the growing need of the power in the nation. There is a need for the formulation of the pool operating and system operating agencies to accommodate the integrated approach of the deregulation in the power sector of India.
Alpha city i.e., Mumbai is the financial and commercial capital of India. Mumbai has three electricity distribution companies (discoms)--the state-run BEST Undertaking, and the private sector companies Adani Electricity and Tata Power Company. Tata Power is also a power generator supplying a bulk of the electricity that the city consumes. Tata Power offers multiple benefits to its consumers with the most competitive and economical tariff, along with delivering excellent customer service at par with international benchmarks.

Mumbai is at a crossroads of threats to its cost and its service leadership, and it is time for utilities, consumer bodies, and regulators to come together and find solutions that will set an example in customer-centricity for the rest of the country to replicate. A good model will be one that enables improvement of efficiencies, reforms in tariffs, reduction of losses, and an improvement in reliability. And utilities will have to take the lead as they have a responsibility towards the citizens of Mumbai. It is time for all stakeholders to come together and plan with a long-term focus towards Mumbai's development and provide a platform to the rest of the country an example of excellence in customer centricity.

The article deals with the study of the peculiarities of interaction between civil society and public authorities in the conditions of intensification of information and telecommunication technologies in Ukraine, which is the foundation for the formation of new ways of external reflection of civil society participation in state and municipal issues. The purpose of the article is to determine areas for improving the practice of interaction between civil society and public authorities; defining the concept of state power in accordance with the updated principles of democratization and globalization, determining specific recommendations for reforming the existing system of state regulation in Ukraine. The methodological basis of this article is a set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge: systematic analysis method, dialectical method, formal-logical method and structural-functional method and a number of empirical methods. The authors substantiate the forms of interaction between civil society and public authorities, which is institutionalized in: a) formal field in the form of: appeals of citizens to public authorities; public examination of the activities of public authorities; anti-corruption public examination of public authorities; functioning of public (expert) councils at public authorities, etc.; b) practical field through the provision of public services; consideration of citizens’ appeals; functioning of the National portal of open data and electronic systems Prozorro, etc. To determine the current state of interaction between public authorities and civil society in the implementation of information and telecommunication technologies, it has been studied: specifics of the introduction of the idea of digital state in Ukraine as a condition for determining new interaction forms between civil society and public authorities; international standards, which define the principles of use of information and telecommunication technologies in relations between public authorities and civil society; specifics of providing electronic public services and consideration of electronic appeals of citizens. The article can be useful for practitioners and officials of the administrative apparatus, and also citizens with the appropriate level of legal conscience. In addition, certain aspects of the study can be used in subsequent developments in the socio-political field, the subject of which regards to the functioning of civil society. The novelty and originality of the study is that the article highlights the features of interaction between civil society and public authorities, under the circumstances the tendency of intensification of the use of information and telecommunication technologies.

The current study investigates the influence of religiosity and Emotional Intelligent on the attitude towards leadership in education. Data were collected from undergraduate students who constitute future leaders. Results from the regression analysis particularly the relative weight analysis, revealed that leadership practices demonstrated significant incremental variance with attitude towards leadership beyond the self-leadership. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.

India is one of the leading suppliers of handicrafts in the world market. Among Indian states, Tamil Nadu is a place for its rich history of culture &tradition in the Handicrafts Industry and occupies an important place in this sector. Tourisms play a vital role in promoting goodwill among the people and social economic development of the country. Tourism as an industry earns large foreign exchange reserves and creates direct and indirect employment opportunities to very large sections of society. Besides promoting handicrafts and fine arts of a nation, it helps in preserving the nature’s beauty, cultural heritage of the land, and strengthens the process of national integration and universal brotherhood. This study is to highlights development of craft tourism services in Thanjavur district Tamil Nadu.

This paper analyses Gender occupational segregation in Haryana using census data for National classification of occupations for 2001 and 2011. The value of Duncan’s index of dissimilarity shows that   during 2001 and 2011, segregation has declined in Haryana. Both At aggregate level and at sectoral level. It declined for total, main and marginal workers in rural sector. However, in urban sector Gender occupational segregation declined for total and main workers and increased for marginal workers. Our results show that segregation is higher among main workers in rural sector and marginal workers in Urban sector.  Also, segregation is higher in urban sector as compared to rural sector. Our results also show that segregation is higher among districts of Mewat, Mahendergarh and Rewari which are socially backward and is least among developed districts of Panchkula, Panipat, Gurgaon and Karnal.

Container Terminal (TPK) Koja is a terminal intended for loading and unloading activities of goods, especially containers. Good employee performance will affect the quality of the process and loading and unloading services produced. This research is qualitative research with case studies on TPK Koja. The purpose of the research was to find out if a high-performance work system (HPWS) is good to be applied in TPK Koja and how HPWS role to the performance of TPK Koja employees. Calculate the weight of each KPI using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method and measure the value of performance achievement by scoring system method and evaluate performance measurement results with Traffic Light System. The results of the study showed HPWS had a positive impact on employee performance and the measurement results showed 15 HPWS KPIs were at the green level or within the specified target.

Like the other communities in the world, Kurdistan has several different groups which have their own unique identity and cultures. At the same time, in the absence of external intervention, they largely are living peacefully together. The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the Kurdish sovereignty, within their means and authority, have tried to maintain and promote these peaceful circumstances. Thus, it has taken some practical steps and put some efforts to prove it’s believes in such a peaceful coexistence. It has regarded all the different components and determined their legal and political positions. To promote peace and coexistence every legal effort should be driven by the Constitution of the Kurdistan Region Government (KRG). Kurds who have suffered marginalization, Anfal campaigns and genocides as a minority group within a larger framework, by a dominant culture and people, should take lesson from these experiences when establishing authorities and legal governance ensuring no KRG identify, culture or minority faces this history of suffering. The idea and theory of multicultural citizenship is one of the theories that can become a foundation to protect the ministries’ in any given country which is culturally diverse. Therefore, by accepting Kurdistan as a community with diverse cultural and multi ethnical should consider these differences at time of drafting its Constitution. The Kurdistan Region Constitution, as a modern Constitution, should officially recognize and abide by the principle of multicultural citizenship and on the principle of respecting the differences, and provide the opportunity of meaningful legal and political participation for the majority and minority. Will Kymlicka and Iris Marion Young as two theorists in area of citizenship rights have thoroughly discussed and analyzed the topic of diverse and multicultural citizenship. They have reinforced their theory in relation to the theory of equal citizenship. Thus, they have offered a new legal framework to protect the rights of minorities, which by looking at the cultural form of the KRG using this theory as a principle in the Constitution be useful. Therefore, in this research, this idea would be analyzed in details and would be interpreted in the context of the KRG for drafting a modern Constitution.

Boundaries between work and non-work become increasingly blurred by teachers in educational institutions especially at university level. It is important to understand and observe boundaries of work and non-work to improve their work performance and life quality. This study attempted to provide an insight by measuring the effect of blurring the boundaries between work and non-work on work performance and life quality of university teachers. Correlation research design based on a survey method was used to conduct this study. Teachers of all the departments of University of the Punjab, Lahore were the population of the study. A sample of 100 teachers was selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the study. A pilot study was conducted to validate the instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, Pearson Correlation & Regression analysis) were applied to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that the university teachers are blurring the boundaries of work and non-work. A significant difference was found in the perception of teachers about blurring boundaries between work and non-work in terms of gender, marital status and discipline (science & social sciences). However, there was no significant difference in the perception of university teachers regarding their teaching experience and residence. Moreover, a positive relation of blurring boundaries between work and non-work with work performance and life quality of university teachers was determined. It was also concluded that blurring boundaries between work and non-work is a significant predictor of work performance and life quality of university teachers. The results of the study suggested that practitioners and policy makers should adjust the policies and culture of educational institutions to help teachers manage their work-life boundaries.

Ever since the commencement of urbanization in India, slums have been co-existed in the urban areas, especially in the major cities. The incidence of slum is spread across almost all the states of the Union of India at varied levels. In fact, the number of slums and the incidence are at alarming level in the case of a group of states. The public efforts for development of the urban slums to make them human settlement friendly and then an integral part of urban life have had many setbacks. They mainly include the ad hoc approaches which were in vogue till the end of Tenth Five Year Plan. Lack of public policy commitment coupled with inadequate public finance, concerted efforts for the improvement of housing and living conditions of the slum dwellers have been the major impediments. But the national consensus evolved from late 90s heralded several initiatives to achieve slum-free urban India, which has brought considerable improvement. Under the windfall, slums have put up a decent level of achievements, in terms of the development of the living standard, access to housing amenities, degraded environment and marginalising the development gaps. Although slums have achieved better performance than their hosts (urban areas) but not only the overall development interventions must be stepped up but have to still go a long way. Achieving slum-free urban India is a gigantic task that needs huge investment not just from the government but also from others as well. Given the challenging considerations, this research offers a few policy implications like other corporate players part,  integrated approach for both development of housing and amenities as well to improve the degraded environment, vigilant role of urban local bodies to mainstream the urban slums.

The aim of the study is to understand the value perception of consumers towards cosmetic brands and the guarantees they provide for creating trust. This study seeks to identify the attitude of consumers regarding a new distribution channel for the cosmetic companies in Pakistan. Furthermore, it will help generate new business avenues for cosmetic brands to offer their products and maximize their reach to far flung areas where there are no shopping malls. The results of the study unveiled that door to door selling offers convenience, health  safety in pandemic and privacy to consumers however it also poses security issues to consumers. Moreover, door to door selling has a negative perception in Pakistan and needs high efforts to change the image of door to door selling. It will help in poverty reduction in this Covid-19 Pandemic, as semi literate to literate people of every age and genders can engage in some profitable activity and thus generating income, resulting a boost in economy. Pakistan’s population is comprised majority of women. They can benefit from this study because they can do a part time job and  generate income in these testing times.

The present study uses the Systematic Generalized Method of Moment's (SGMM) model to investigate the effects of effective governance and regulatory quality on financial development in the economic conditions of the Mena countries during the period 2002-2009. The results of the study show a positive relationship between the role or rule of law (RL) and economic growth (GDP) with financial development (FD). The variables of regulatory quality (RO), government budget deficit (BD), government effectiveness (GE) and financial crisis (FC) are negative. The negative sign of regulatory quality, government effectiveness and budget deficit for the MENA countries can be justified as follows; The more accountable and efficient the government in a country, the greater the political stability, the lower the additional regulations and costs, the more extensive the rule of law, the smaller the government effectiveness, and the more restricted the corruption, the greater the financial development requiring the more attention of government and authorities in accountability, compliance of rules and regulatory quality. Also the positive variable of the dependent variable lag; the financial development Index shows the countries' attention to the financial development issue and the use of strategies and infrastructure to increase financial development based on financial liberalization indicators over time, which requires much attention from government authorities.

This research work explores the onsite condition of Urban Open Space in the city of Islamabad. Urban Open Spaces play a significant role in the development of a city. These spaces also determine the outlook of the city. The impact of these spaces on the residents/community is immense. Therefore, the Urban Open Spaces should be planned to ensure the safety and satisfaction of the public. These places are used for plantation, landscaping, and decoration of a city and when left unplanned, these can encourage criminal activities. This study explores whether these spaces are planned and developed according to the planning parameters prevailing worldwideThese, in turn, help define the efficiency of parks and open spaces in terms of the requirements of Islamabad citizens. For this purpose, the Urban Open Spaces of two residential sectors were selected. The research concludes that the elements of Urban Open Spaces in two residential sectors require detailed treatment. Currently, city management is not emphasising the importance of planning, preserving, and managing Urban Open Spaces in the residential sectors of Islamabad.

The research aims to test the impact of servant leadership in management information systems, as well as to identify the level of servant leadership practice and management information systems in the Directorate of Communications and Information Systems in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, in terms of the importance of the research variables to the directorate and the sample community, as the research adopted the exploratory analytical descriptive approach In his achievement, through a survey of the opinions of an intended quota sample of (266) individuals,By adopting the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection that includes (44) items divided into the two research variables, As well as conducting open interviews to identify the problems, strengths and weaknesses of the directorate about practicing the research variables, The statistical analysis of the most prominent result concluded that the Directorate of Communications and Information Systems adopted the practices of servant leadership, and was able to employ them to positively influence the development of its management information systems, and the researcher came up with a set of recommendations.

The goal of this study is to explore the intellectual humility of leaders at the University leaders and how it contributes to organizational forgiveness. The paper adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to achieve this goal. As a result, the questionnaire was used as the primary research tool. A random sample of 300 teachers was given out. The statistical analysis was carried out with the program (SPSS V. 20), and the findings revealed that the intellectual humility variable had a general arithmetic mean of (3.87). General arithmetic mean was calculated for the regulatory Forgiveness variable (3.88). The study's findings revealed a link between intellectual humility and organizational forgiveness, as well as an effect of intellectual humility on organizational forgiveness. Work to raise leaders' awareness of the importance of intellectual humility and its role in the promotion of organizational Forgiveness at the University of Kufa. Tolerance is an important factor in the constructive university leadership. To sum up, this outcome, our results on university leadership and innovative behavior in the Iraqi academic environment will enhance both the body of knowledge and the practice of positive psychology. by laying the groundwork for the conceptual and empirical foundations for the concept of positive psychology in organizations, our research may help management and higher education both better understand how it serves as an important internal mechanism.

Assessment in education allows for obtaining, organizing, and presenting information about how much and how well the student is learning. An automatic evaluation tool is proposed that allows the assessor to evaluate descriptive answer at any time and receive instant feedback of the students. Due to the lack of descriptive answer grading in Moodle-based E-learning system, there is a need to build a model and also add this feature as a plug-in for the E-learning system .Up until today, most assessors still choose to examine descriptive document manually for each student document. This method takes time where assessor needs to be focused and thorough while examining a number of descriptive documents. This reason often affects essay examinations to be less objective and not optimal. To improve objectivity, time efficiency and fair correction in descriptive answers assessment process, a system is needed that can automatically assess student documents, or in other words a descriptive answer evaluating system. An evaluation of descriptive answer system, works by analysing student answer document with model answer document. The higher the semantic similarity, the higher the score obtained.The purpose of this paper is to check the similarity between the teacher’s answer and the student’s answer using Winnowing algorithm. Winnowing algorithm is one of the document fingerprinting algorithms that can be used to detect document similarity by using hashing technique. The fingerprint document itself is a method used to detect document similarities with other documents. The Winnowing algorithm has fulfilled one of the requirements of the plagiarism algorithm, which is whitespace insensitivity, disposing of irrelevant characters such as punctuation. The similarity value is calculated using  Jaccard Coefficient. Later this assessment is used for grading the student’s performance.               

Small scale industries are well recognised for its contribution to innovation, employment and economic dynamism. Small firms have been the chief source of creating new jobs in almost all the developed countries. It has been seen that number of existing industries in Punjab has been dominated by small scale firms. Despite the recognition of significant role played by small scale industries in economy, some critical barriers prevent them from developing and contributing sufficiently. The present paper attempts to find out the major constraints faced by small scale industries selected from five sub sectors i.e. Machinery Parts, Hand tool, Spare Parts, Auto Parts and Pipe fitting industries in Jalandhar district. Data was collected through primary sources by framing a well structured questionnaire. Factor Analysis was applied on data to get the authentic results. The results revealed that the five major factors that affect the growth and development of small scale firms are Power Constraints, Approach up to Local Market, Absence of Effective Administrative Support, Lack of Basic Facilities and Financial Constraints.

Environmentalism has fast emerged as a worldwide phenomenon. Marketing organizations too have risen to the occasion and have started responding to environmental challenges by practicing green marketing strategies. The awareness of Green marketing is increased among the Indian consumers. The present research work indicates that the key to raise green purchasing intention among the general public lies on four factors, which are Attitudes toward the Environment, Social Influence, Health Consciousness and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness. The results of the study it is indicated that green product attributes quality, durability and variety strongly influence the consumers’ understanding and behavior towards environmental friendly features of green products.

Customers' satisfaction is one of the most important indicators to identify the hotel sector's service quality level. The study's main purpose was to measure the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the hotel industry in the United Arab Emirates. In particular, this study examines why service quality is a critical determinant of the hotel sector's organisational performance. The study used quantitative methods to achieve the objectives of the research. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect the data using the drop-off technique. The questionnaires were distributed to 5000 in-house customers (domestic and international) at the hotels. In total, 3748 customer questionnaires were used in the study, yielding a 75% response rate. In this study, hypotheses were tested through the multiple regression model using SPSS 25.00. Multiple regression analysis showed that tangibles, responsiveness and empathy have significant positive effects on customer satisfaction ( = .120, ρ < 0.05;  = .173, ρ < 0.05;  = .495, ρ < 0.01, respectively). The study found that service quality helped organisations meet customers' needs and expectations and enhanced satisfaction. Organisations could, therefore, achieve improved financial performance by offering excellent quality services that meet customer needs and expectations. Therefore, improving hotel service quality could result in higher satisfaction levels of hotel customers.

Non-Performing Assets (NPA) refers to the categorization of Credit/ loans or advances in the books of a lender (financial institutions/banks) in which there is no payment of interest and principal have been made and are “past due” for a specified period of time.
NPA is employed by financial institutions that ask loans that are in jeopardy of default. There is no doubt that increasing NPA has become a matter of concern for any bank or financial institution whether it is commercial or co-operative. There are instances where many co-operative banks have faced strict action and closure from the central bank.
The present paper is an attempt to study and analyze the causes of NPA in selected co-operative banks in Thane. It studies the causes of NPA at the micro level for co-operative banks and brings out the main causes liable for assets turning into non- performing. This paper further highlights the importance of NPA in Credit risk management mitigation in Cooperative banks in Thane. The findings of this paper will significantly contribute to the effective asset allocation to cooperative bank and help them to grow and succeed.

This study examines the impact of switching barriers comprises of complexity, switching cost, locked-in, and apathy on the switching decision. The data were collected through a survey questionnaire from three cities (Muscat, Salalah, and Sohar) with a sample of 420 respondents. The participants were Omani nationals only. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. The data were tested for the normality, descriptive analysis, reliability, correlation, exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The result of the switching barriers indicates that apathy fail to influence the negative relationship with switching decision. However, switching cost, complexity and locked in had a negative impact on the decision to switch that creates barriers among the customers while switching from conventional banking to Islamic banking system. The study concludes that the government, management, and Shariah board of the Islamic banks should focus on establishing a robust and dynamic Islamic banking, which caters for customers’ needs. Finally, Islamic banking products and service, financial and non-financial strategies should address the customers’ financial needs and provide comprehensive banking services.

Countries have been interested in the agreements regulating the straits, due to their strategic and economic importance and to ensure the safety of navigation in them, during the passage of ships and aircraft in the strait and not to close them. Given that closing the strait will threaten the security of maritime navigation and target the economic interests of all countries crossing the strait. As of the Middle Ages and passing by 1958 Geneva Convention, and up to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas, countries have been trying to conclude a compromise between the international straits riparian states, whether through transit or safe passage, however, the agreements, despite their legal binding power, were unable to oblige some countries to ratify them. The vital and political interests have played a prominent role in using the straits as a political pressure card in favour of some pending issues between countries. On the other hand, the Iranian nuclear file crisis is still present to coincide with the Iranian threats to close the strait. Thus, the issue has had a political dimension affected by the result of the escalation between the two countries against the background of the presence of the former US President Donald Trump who imposed the unprecedented and severest sanctions in the history of America on the Iranian Republic. After that, President Biden assumed the new US presidency term and seeks to find a legal political harmony to compromise the crisis out of the perspective of diplomacy. 
 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Administration - Department of Political Science, King Abdul-Aziz University - Jeddah
 

This article describes the main directions of integrated innovative regional development, it consists in ensuring sustainable economic development of the region, improving the quality of life of the population and the environment of a certain territory.

The article outlines current issues on active development of the production of competitive and export-oriented modern industrial products of the regions of the country, attraction of foreign and local investments to create modern production facilities to ensure the production of competitive products with high added value and in demand on foreign markets, taking into account the deep processing of mineral raw materials and agricultural resources.
At the same time, the essence of the organization of free economic zones for creating favorable conditions for their functioning and an effective mechanism for applying tax and customs privileges in these regions are analyzed

^{The present study identified role of human resource management in the realization of competitiveness in industrial organizations and has focused primarily on some important issues related to human resource management, selection, training, motivating, attracting, employing, evaluating employees, and the setting of salaries, fees and rewards and the realization of competitiveness among business organizations. This paper has undergone the evolution of HRM from past to present which will be discussed in a theoretical concept. Then the role of human resources for organizations to gain competitive advantage and the innovations in HRM in the 21st century will be analyzed in a strategic view. Data were drawn from a sample of two industrial business organizations in the city of Amman. The study results showed that there is a significance relationship between the factors such as training, motivating, attracting, employing, evaluating employees, and the setting of salaries, fees and rewards  of employees and workers and the realization of competitiveness among industrial business organizations. And this result is consistent with the outcome of previous studies.}

This research aims to introduce the importance of developing insurance marketing methods and their impact on the performance of insurance companies in general, and national and Iraqi insurance companies in particular, and what they can achieve from advantages and an increase in their competitive capabilities as well as contributing to reducing labor productivity costs and achieving efficiency and raising company performance. After reviewing the reality of the marketing activity in the national and Iraqi insurance companies, the researchers reached a set of recommendations that emphasize the importance of developing marketing methods to keep pace with global insurance companies, and take advantage of these advantages in the field of work in the company. The effect is also illustrated by changing the marketing services from traditional to electronic marketing, which works to reduce costs and reach the largest segment of targeted customers.

This study is a comprehensive analysis that aims to access and explain the preferences and perceptions of customers of service quality in Iraq banking and then define the aspects of service quality that lead to the perception of customer service quality in Iraq's banking industry. Customers of universal banks in Iraq were the target demographic of the study. In all 100 universal banks customers, the study was chosen. Reliability, responsiveness, and empathy are three most significant in determining the efficiency of universal banks in Iraq, according to the report. Customers have poor expectations of the overall service levels of universal banks. However, consumers' understanding of the physical dimensions of excellence and durability was found to be the perceptions of customers. The results of the study have shown that the empathy factor is the most influent aspect that determines consumers' understanding of overall service quality. Context factors such as gender, age, income level, and academic skills were found to affect consumer understanding and experience of quality of service. Empathy should be put greater importance since it is found to be the most important aspect of the overall perception of service quality by customers of universal banks in Iraq. Policymakers of universal banks can control the context characteristics of consumers when designing policies to increase quality of service. Future analysis is urged to carry out a cross-country comparison and to compare the findings of the current study in other African countries.

Nature’s forces seem to have rallied around on reclaim their upset balance. Humans have disturbed the natural forces by exploiting Earth’s resources in an irresponsible manner. The history of our planet has witnessed several pandemics that threatened to successively decimate mankind some examples are the Antonine Plague (165 AD), Leprosy (11th century), the Black Death (1350), the Goat Plague of London (1665), First Cholera Pandemic (1817), HIV/AIDS (1981), and the most recent COVID-19 or Corona (2021) that is coming in several phases. All these geographically widespread epidemics have led to millions of deaths around the globe. The Corona virus appears to have mutated in India in 2021 after the world had paid its toll in 2020. Lives everywhere have been experiencing an almost complete lockdown to contain this viral disease. The focal point of this research paper is to determine the awareness levels of the population with respect to the COVID-19 crisis. Do people believe in the existence of Corona? What precautions are they taking to protect themselves? How confident are they of the effectiveness of the vaccine? The study was carried out in the Garhshankar block of Hoshiarpur district in Punjab among 305 respondents through an online questionnaire methodology to ascertain their views on the ongoing pandemic. The findings of the study are expected to be the pre-cursor of launching programs to address the needs of the community in facing the pandemic situation successfully.

The main objective of the study to review the published literature on propaganda against Islam on social media. However, a detail review of literature has been conducted, in this regard, this study has reviewed the journals publications, websites, social media platforms such as Facebook, twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp. Anyhow, there are very few studies to do the systematic literature review on title of propaganda against Islam on social media, this is main source of motivation for current study. After careful review of literature, this study concluded that western media has portrayed the negative image of Muslims. Anyhow, we also have found that most of studies have conducted in western countries rather Muslims countries media. Some of studies also suggested that Muslims should use social media to answer and defend their point of view and give the clear and positive picture of Islam to non-Muslims. This study also proposes that Muslims should respond to any anti-Muslims post positively with constructive justification. Moreover, this is responsibility of Muslims countries to give the clear image of Islam to other world rather overlock the social media posts. Anyhow, this is literature-based study, the future study should conduct empirically. Besides, the future studies should compare the non-Muslim countries social media with Muslims countries social media to overcome the distance between these two communities.

Century filled with adventures incorporates various inventions in everyday chores. Every booming second, social media swirls as sixth-finger. Posting videos and photos in social media platforms is almost a fashion and video blogs (Vlogs) are interesting part that captures wide range of audience. Proliferation of Video blogs enhances common social interest that creates awareness about various new arrivals in the market. Watching Vlogs and following particular vlogger enables audience to identify several promotions made by them. Vlogs have made marketers job quite easier. Researchers have found that 53 percent of the customers engage in a brand after watching a video in social media and most of them are women. Therefore the study aims to identify the women perception towards Vlogs and promotions made by vloggers. A research was conducted during the period June- August2019 with a sample of 150 female respondents to identify the Vlogs frequently surfed by them and also their perception towards the emergent trend of marketing through internet. Several statistical tests such as chi square, ANOVA and factor analysis were performed to answer the research questions.

The analysis of HSE events, especially occupational accidents, along with identifying the effective factors on the occurrence of accidents is of crucial importance. The study of events before, during and after their occurrence is one of the requirements of study in accidents field. The present study is aimed to manage direct and indirect accident costs and improve the mechanism of accident management based on critical accident costs in the country. The present study is an analytical study that is a cross-sectional case study in different industries of the country. The statistical population of the research includes experts in oil, gas, petrochemical, cement, steel, power plant and road construction and construction, and university professors related to occupational health, industrial safety, HSE, and finally active professors in crisis management and under emergency conditions. 12 people were selected by theoretical saturation method. This research was conducted during 2018 and 2019 in determining the costs of occupational accidents. The research area is in various upstream industries, oil, gas and petrochemical and steel and cement industries and other industrial and urban areas. The research instrument includes a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using fuzzy Delphi method. In the field studies of the study, 8 important and major groups of indicators in occupational accident costs at workplace were identified. In order to calculate and obtain the amount of each of the mentioned indicators, a number of sub-criteria were determined and by examining economic models and calculation software, accident costs and conventional and valid models that had verified validity and reliability showed that 51 sub-indicators in the above 8 groups were effective on calculating the accidents costs. It was found that out of 51 indicators identified in the direct and indirect costs of accidents, 45 indicators have a greater effect and to calculate and technically and economically investigate the accidents costs, 45 indicators were required to be investigated.

It is vital to look upon the data of Cyber Bullying cases and the age for which the accused is held responsible. Statistics reveals that criminal minded people who are on the borderline of  the ‘age’ who could be charged under IPC for some blunt crimes are being treated liberally. Cyberbullying, also known as Internet bullying, is a form of criminal activity that falls under the broadcategory of cybercrime. Since there are  different types of cyberbullying and abuse, it’s crucial to know what counts as “cyberbullying.” If we look at the dictionary meaning of a bully, we can see that it is described as “seek to hurt, threaten, or coerce - someone perceived as vulnerable”. Bullying is described as any individual or group of individuals who seeks to injure, coerce, intimidate, or threaten another.Such actions or action are most commonly seen on social media sites as well as in chat boxes and gaming websites. Cyberbullying occurs when an individual or group of people bullies or harasses another person using digital technology on the internet or in another digital sphere. This can include things like posting private photographs and videos without permission, creating fake accounts and spamming groups or individuals online, body shaming, making memes and videos of people, often celebrities, making mess ups or slips, and so on. According to a 2016 UNICEF survey, one in every three internet users worldwide is a child, while the latest ‘India Internet Report 2019’ indicates that two out of every 3internet users in India are between the ages of 12 and 29. As a result of their psychological nature, this community of internet users is often targeted by online bullies. The number of incidents of cyberbullying and abuse has increased as a result. Indian women and teenagers became the victim of Cyberbullying and cases increased by 36% in just one year.

After independence, the country's urban population has exploded. The migration of people from rural and semi-urban areas to urban areas is a common occurrence. They face a significant shelter challenge in urban areas, which is out of reach due to scarce resources, expensive property, construction materials, and labour, as well as a general lack of infrastructure in urban areas. As a result, policymakers must take a constructive position in encouraging the development of EWS and LIG housing stock in urban areas. According to TG-12 reports, the poorer parts of India accounted for 96 percent of the housing shortage.³ As a result policy proposals were needed to close the gap between urban housing demand and supply. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna-2015 (Urban) and the Chief Minister's Jan Awas Yojna-2015 (Rajasthan) will serve as a watershed moment in this regard. Central and state governments strategically manage the cost of affordable housing units for the EWS and LIG segments by subsidizing affordable houses and extending various incentives, exemptions, rebates, relaxations, interest subsidy, and facilities to various stakeholders with the aim of maximising the use of valuable urban lands to provide EWS and LIG houses at affordable rates to targeted groups. This research paper aims to evaluate the integration of both schemes in order to meet affordable housing goals in the state of Rajasthan, as well as summarise the perspectives of various stakeholders on both schemes.

The main objective of the research is to investigate the relationship and influence between strategic physiognomy and organizational prosperity in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries and to identify the nature and pattern of thinking prevailing among the leadership levels in the concerned company in order to identify appropriate procedures and practices that work to consolidate the culture of strategic physiognomy and direct it towards achieving prosperity organizational , data were collected from ( 166 responder represent) late sample intentional from the middle and senior management and analysis of data Od ft statistical programs (SPSS, AMOS) Through the adoption of appropriate statistical methods . The results showed the health of relationships link and influence on the level of key variables and sub - dimensional, indicating the essential role of discernment and strategic of to achieve prosperity organization in the company

Higher education in India has expanded enormously since independence and enlarged in size but, this enlarged size of the university campuses in India, is now facing financial crisis which is increasing more as visible in most of the developing countries. University industry linkage may be an alternative to this crisis. Establishing an effective & successful collaboration between universities and industries in order to remain competitive and financially viable is an alternative. But this relation will sustain if appropriate steps will be taken by both sides (Universities & industries) to benefit mutual interests with objective to serve the society.
This paper makes an attempt to present the perception of higher education faculty members about the importance of University-Industry linkage and it is an effort to discuss the ways and means for making a strong university - industry linkage.

This qualitative exploratory study explores the real life experience of organizational politics from the frame of mind of industrial relations managers. The data was collected from five industrial relations managers and experts who have more than 10 years of experience in the industrial relation field. The study employed a qualitative research design. Research data was extracted from the open ended questions from the participants. The methodology was based on an inductive approach. It was used to explore experiences, opinions and thoughts of the participants. Data were studied for specific themes and then collected into large groups of ideas that delivered information that maintained the themes. For data analysis pattern matching was used. The study explored that the overall perception of organizational politics is unsupportive in industrial relations practices. 60% participant understand that organizational politics is harmful for the organization because it creates hurdles for management rather than providing relief to the employees. The union leaders are trying to create gaps between Management and the workers. Politics between management and non-management staff leads to road block for an organization.

Financial analysis is referred to as financial statement analysis or accounting analysis. It refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. The main idea behind this study is to analyze the financial operating position of the company. This research is done with help of secondary data which is gathered from the annual report of the company. The financial performance can be measured by using various financial tools such as profitability ratio, solvency ratio, CAGR, etc. Based on the analysis, findings have been arrived at that the company has got enough funds to meet its debts & liabilities and  the income statement of the company shows sales of the company increased every year at good rate and profit also increased every year.

Human resource policies are continuing guidelines on the approach the organization intends to adopt in managing its people. It represents specific guidelines to HR managers various matters concerning employments. It states that intend of the organization about different aspects of Human Resource management such as recruitment, promotion, compensation, training, selections etc. They define the conception and value of the organization on how people and things should be treated. Therefore, it serves as a reference point when human resources management practices are being developed or when decisions are being made about people. A good HR policy could provide generalized guidance on the approach adopted by the organization, and therefore its employees, concerning various aspects of employments. A procedure spells out precisely what action should be taken in line with the policy. The main objective of the study is to understand the problem and to analyze the perception of employees on HR practices implemented. For this purpose  a sample of 124 was collected from respondents were percentage analysis, descriptive statistics and Kruskall Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used as tools to analyze the data and the conclusion is that Evaluation and periodic assessment are important for improvement and effectiveness.

In this project, we describe some of the key observations resulting from our work on using Bajaj Finserv Health DoctorRX platform to help and detect effectiveness of PMS (Practice Management system) processes and usage of platform among doctors. In many ways, medical processes are similar to distributed systems in their complexity and proneness to contain errors. We have been investigating the application of a DoctorRX platform for improvement and to make approach the medical processes in much easier way and so that it is subjected to rigorous analyses. The technologies we applied helped improve understanding about the processes and led to the detection of errors and subsequent improvements of the platform. This work is still preliminary, but is suggesting new research directions for improvement, and effectiveness of platform along with, and the applicability of this available system. Doctors have one of the most demanding jobs in the world – structuring up treatment plans, attending to patients, charting the job plan, clerical work, and keeping updated with the most recent advancements in the field of medical technology. Doctors are our marvel workers on this planet Earth and sure seem to have their hands full at all given times. However, with the coming up of modern technology encircling all aspects of life, it is no revelation that there are a numerous time-saving expedient software for doctors like Practo, pMD, Prescription pad, etc., In this project, Doctor RX platform has been taken into consideration to understand in depth the process that is carried out.

Consumer attitude is the feeling of favourableness or unfavourableness that an individual has towards an object. As we, all know that an individual with a positive attitude is more likely to buy a product and this results in the possibility of liking or disliking a product. Consumer attitude basically comprises beliefs, feelings and behavioural intentions towards some objects. This paper highlights the customer’s attitude towards the purchase of two wheelers during covid-19. For this study, the population around Coimbatore region was taken and data was collected using questionnaires from the 151 respondents. Health and safety have become a paramount concern and simultaneously consumer purchasing power has changed in the recent economic conditions. This study focuses on consumer attitudes and preferences while purchasing a vehicle. Vehicle selection is considered to be a multiple criteria decision-making problem. The study is used to determine consumer preferences towards vehicle selection using the following criteria: financial aspects, safety aspects, vehicle features, and services offered.

There is extensive research where social, economic and interpersonal factors influence was investigated in the relationship of academic achievement. However, the studies where social pressure induces via media exposure on students’ academic achievement are scant. Rare studies investigate the social-cultural, socio-psychological, media and marketing constructs that influence academic achievement. This study investigates the sequential mediating effect of appearance-related social comparison, thin-ideal internalization, and body image disturbance in the relationship between media exposure and female university students’ academic achievement in Punjab, Pakistan. Multistage cluster random sampling technique was used for data collection for sampling frame. It is necessary to develop a sampling frame because the population was unknown. The study based on the cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1322 female students across Punjab to develop the sampling frame. Out of 1322 for the final sample, 504 questionnaires were randomly selected using the SPSS random value selection option. However, 20 questionnaires were removed from the sample because of missing values and outliers and a total of 484 survey questionnaires were used for data analysis. Two-stage structural equation modeling is used to measure the causal relationship among constructs. In the first stage, constructs validity and reliability were measured with confirmatory factor analysis. In the second stage, the structural model measures the causal relationship. All the direct hypotheses are statistically significant. Whereas appearance-related social comparison and thin-ideal internalization fully mediate the relationship between media exposure and body image disturbance. Moreover, body image disturbance partially mediates the relationship between appearance-related social comparison and academic achievement and thin-ideal internalization and academic achievement. Findings revealed that greater exposure to media disturbs body image and eventually, female students affect their academic performance.

An entrepreneurial university is a new approach to improving the quality of higher education systems around the world. However, the lack of a transparent mechanism has prevented Iranian universities from turning into an entrepreneurial university. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify the barriers facing the development of an entrepreneurial university in Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch). The statistical population was composed of managers and faculty members of the university, of whom 24 respondents were selected by the snowball sampling method. Using Grounded Theory, the respondents were subjected to in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by NVivo10 software. In total, 55 codes were extracted in the open-coding step. Finally, eight main concepts were derived through the codifying hierarchy of Grounded Theory according to which the challenges included academic, distance, operational, human, management, strategic, political, and cultural ones. Each concept expresses one aspect of the subject. According to the results, the distance challenge is the most important challenge of the entrepreneurial university development at Islamic Azad University. The paper is concluded with some practical suggestions to facilitate the path to an entrepreneurial university.

This study aimed to identify the extent to which the Social Security Institution in Jordan adheres to the requirements of International Accounting Standard No (19) related to employee benefits. The study population included the Social Security Institution in Jordan. As for the sample, it consisted of (78) respondents from financial managers, department heads and their deputies, and accountants working in the financial and accounting departments in the institution. The study found that the institution adheres to the requirements of International Accounting Standard No (19) for short-term and long-term employee benefits, and is also committed to post-service employee benefits and end-of-service benefits. It turned out that the level of this commitment was at a high level. The study recommended the provision of optional and mandatory burdens to the beneficiary within the framework of individual institutions, and the provision of salaries and wages in exchange for performing the service with the associated social and tax burdens.

The current research aims at verifying the impact of cognitive Momentum as an independent variable, in the sustainable performance of a responsive variable, by mediating proactive behavior in the headquarters of the General Automobile Company in Iraq, its divisions, staff, and units, in addition to diagnosing the level of interest of its leaders and subordinates in the research variables and their dimensions. Add to that, coming up with recommendations that contribute in promoting the applications of these three variables in the company being researched. and based on the researcher's devotion to diagnose the influence relationship between the variables, because of their effects on the company and its members on the one hand, and its reflection on society on the other hand. The descriptive exploratory approach was adopted in completing the current research chapters and topics, as the research community included the headquarters of the General Automobile Company, which consisted of (523) employees. The researcher targeted an intentional stratigraphic sample of (223) members, which included: (the company’s general manager, assistant general manager, department director, associate department manager, division manager, garage manager, unit official, employee). All done through adopting the questionnaire which contained (54) paragraphs, personal interviews, and field inspection to enhance the practical side, while the researcher used statistical programs (26.V SPSS, 25.V Amos), to analyze the primary data, with the adoption of descriptive and inferential statistical methods, such as: (the normal distribution test, Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis, Percentage, Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, Relative Difference Coefficient, Materiality, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Simple Linear Regression Coefficient, Multiple Regression Coefficient) to test his hypothesis. As for the most prominent results of the research, they were represented by the influence of cognitive Momentum on sustainable performance, directly and indirectly, with a reliability level of (0.937) of cognitive Momentum, (0.950) for sustainable performance, and (0.967) for proactive behavior.

We investigate the differences of efficiency in health system  between Tunisian governorates over  the period 2010-2015 and examine how   socioeconomic factors influence the regional distribution of the efficiency scores. The parametric stochastic frontier approach with fixed effects is employed to cacultate Tunisian governorate-level health efficiency scores. Spatial analysis tools  are  used to determine the spatial pattern of the efficiency scores  and spatial econometric model are used to examinetheimpact of the socioeconomic and demographic factors on health efficiency. Our results show that education  affects positively the efficiency  of health system not only in region itself but also its neighbouring regions .However,  the effects of unemployement are negative.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact between Internal Control Components (ICC) and the Financial Performance (FP) of the Iraqi banking sector. The selected components were control environment, control activity, risk assessment, information & communication, and monitoring. The theoretical framework in this study was based on the Agency theory. A quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilised as the main study design. The data was collected from a group of respondents comprising CFO, CEO, Accountants, Internal Auditors, and Audit Committee selected through non-random purposive sampling. The actual survey questionnaire was distributed to 365 respondents, and the data were analysed using SEM to determine the impact between Internal Control Components and Financial Performance. The study results indicated that the Internal Control Components have a significant impact on Financial Performance. The positive significant relation were control activity (β =0.311, p<0.05), followed by risk assessment (β =0.203, p< 0.05), monitoring (β=0.176, p<0.05), control environment (β=0.164, p<0.05) and information & communication (β=0.157, p<0.05). In conclusion, the control activity is the most dominant ICC factor that affects financial performance. The main implication of the study is that Iraqi banks should focus on the improvement of Internal Control Components to enhance financial performance.

Raising sufficient tax revenue is one of the main objectives of all governments at any given moment. Thus, any policy that goes in this direction and which does not undermine or compromise the rule of law and threatens the sustainability of the government is a welcome initiative. It is in this light that ‘administrative tolerance’ saw the light of the day in Cameroon’s public administrative land scape. The problem of this phenomenon today is that, the initial basis on which it was introduced, currently threatens its existence due to corruption and selfishness of some administrative officials in both public and private organizations. This study aimed at examining the effect of the synergy between administrative tolerance implementation and tax revenue, on a sectorial basis. The expo-facto research design was used since the data for the study were secondary, and a model was developed to suit the objective of the study. The data were analysed using SPSS Version 23.0 with the use of multiple regression model. The results revealed that Administrative Tolerance manifests a synergistic desparity with Tax Revenue over the period of the study, using the three proxies of Private Secondary School Enrolments as a percentage of Total Secondary School Enrolments, Commercial Services Exports measured at current US dollars and percentage Fuel Export as a percentage of Total Merchandise Exports. Therefore, it was observed from the study that Administrative Tolerance on the Private Secondary Education sector has a significant positive effect on Tax Revenue, while any such tolerance on Commercial Services Exports and Fuel Exports negatively affected Tax Revenue. This study recommends that the government should have a framework for Administrative Tolerance in which specifics on when and how or the extent of such tolerance to each particular sector.  A blanket policy should not be used at any given period on all sectors as this may result in negative effects on Tax Revenue.

The global economy is suffering as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Because of the health and psychosocial issues, both private and public sector organizations are impacted. Leaders and employees must be committed, engaged, and supportive during this crucial process. To ensure that the overall process runs smoothly, leaders should act and energize on the same page and same attitudes, i.e., transformational leadership styles. Hence, this study attempted to examine the effect of transformational leadership on employee satisfaction during Covid-19, along with the mediating role of employee empowerment between the transformational leadership and employee satisfaction of employees working in public sector organizations. The results of this study revealed the positive association between characteristics of transformational leadership such as coping with uncertainty and ambiguity, guidance and support, risk management, and supporting teamwork, with job satisfaction. Moreover, the mediating results of this study show that employee empowerment significantly mediates the relationship between coping with uncertainty and ambiguity, guidance and support, risk management, and job satisfaction. The current study validates that the characteristics of transformational leadership have a strong effect on job satisfaction among public sector employees. Therefore, the role of transformational leaders during increased healthcare and psychosocial challenges is highly influential. The limitations and future recommendations are also conveyed in this study.

^{Many topics have been revealed and taught to us in the year 2020. We have seen economies collapse, unscrupulous attempts to take over businesses yet economies, and in the midst of all this chaos is the banking system, the core of a financial system and economies, the facilitator "transfer process," the trustee of the population for safekeeping their money, the advisor to the investor for making their money grow at an expected rate, and the guardian of the financial system and economies. Multiplicity of positions often leads to chaos, and the banker's job is to keep the consumer happy in the midst of it all. Customer, who is required to play the part of surplus unit saver and a key component of all economic operating cycles, leading to resource use and GDP. His happiness is the most important thing, and the banking system, as his protector, lawyer, and trustee, must provide it. As a result, core variables responsible for generating or enhancing this satisfaction must be established and handled in such a way that banking activities are not jeopardized and consumer satisfaction is maximized, ensuring stronger customer interest in the transition phase and allowing the economy to create more saving surplus units.}

Nowadays, in order to manage the emerging crises in the organizations and successfully adapt to the changes and evolutions, organizations need to encourage their actors to be creative, innovative, risk-taking, responsible, and ultimately entrepreneurial. According to the thinkers, Islamic leadership, with components such as delegation of authority and responsibility, discipline and seriousness, consultation and decision-making is a key factor to entrepreneurship in the organizations. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the relationship between Islamic leadership model and tendency towards entrepreneurial among the staff of the SAMT Ministry. The research method is a survey and the statistical population includes 1873 employees, of whom 320 people have been selected as a sample of study based on simple random sampling method. Findings indicate that there is a significant direct correlation between the managers' Islamic leadership model and the tendency of employees towards entrepreneurship. Also, the level of the Islamic leadership model followed by the managers could explain 30% of the changes made by the staff's tendency towards entrepreneurship.

This paper aims to develop an instrument for assessing the internal capabilities of local enterprises on levels corresponding to their readiness to participate in the global supply chain through linkages with foreign direct investment enterprises. The levels reflect the scope of business activities either in “Local”, “Regional”, “National”, “International” or “Global”. The instrument is built on the resource-based theory, including five major domains in terms of corporate governance capacities, human resources, finance, technology, and supply. Twenty indicators are selected from opinions of local and foreign business managers. Their opinions were reflected in 55 formal articles published in mainstream journals in Vietnam from 2016 to 2019. The reliability and validity of the scale are strictly tested. The results determine that this instrument is suitable to apply to related experimental studies. This is a newly developed tool to assess the internal capacity of domestic firms to link with foreign firms.

It seems leadership style is related to and influenced by behavioral factors such as conflict resolution styles and employee attitudes. Therefore, this research investigates the effect of leadership styles on conflict resolution styles and employee attitudes with regard to the moderating role of demographic variables in the Yazd Electricity Distribution Company. This research is a descriptive and correlational research in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. In this research the questionnaire was taken from the article of Karadaka et al. (2015) and Quintana et al. (2015) with 46 questions designed on the Likert scale. The statistical population of this study is the employees of Yazd Electricity Distribution Company. Using simple random sampling, 140 questionnaires were distributed among the employees. The reliability of the questionnaire, which was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method, is equal to 0.889. The validity of the test was also confirmed by content and structure methods. Using structural equation modeling and partial least squares approach with the help of PLS ​​software, the results of testing the research hypotheses showed that leadership styles have a significant and positive effect on conflict resolution styles and employee attitudes. Also, the demographic variable has a moderating role in the relationship between leadership styles and attitudes among employees of Yazd Electricity Distribution Company.

In this study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of workers' productivity and the intensity of research and development on the export behaviors of small and medium-sized export companies in Khorasan Razavi province. The present study is a measurement research in the method research and at the purpose of the goal is, the research to usage and development study. The statistical population of this research is the managers of small and medium export companies in Khorasan Razavi province. The sampling method was based on simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the required information. A questionnaire was used to collect the required information. This research is based on structural equations and for data analysis, partial least squares method and Smart PLS software have been used. The results showed that workers' productivity had a significant effect on export behaviors and the intensity of research and development of small and medium export companies in Khorasan Razavi province also, the effect of research intensity on the development of small and medium export companies in Khorasan Razavi province has been positive.

The main objective the research is to investigate the relationship link and influence between the strategic clarity and the Organizational Excellence in the General Company for the automotive industry and equipment and to identify the pattern and nature of thinking incumbents administrative in the company concerned in order to determine the appropriate action and that lead to the consolidation approach of clarity and strategic and directing them towards achieving excellence Organizational , data from (1 has collected 67 respondents) represented a sample of managers and data analysis employed statistical programs ( SPSS, AMOS) Through the adoption of appropriate statistical methods . The results showed the health of relationships link and influence on the level of key variables and sub - dimensions, indicating the role of vital strategic clarity to achieve excellence Organizational in the company surveyed.

The research aims to explicit the role of Strategic Recovery of Service (SRS). It relies on how organizations response to the failure of provided services and seeks to reduce the level of failure in order to gain the beneficiaries' confidence, satisfaction and loyalty. The research problem is not paying enough attention to (SRS) dimensions, compensation- distributive justice, speed of recovery- procedural justice, and apology-initiation - interactional justice, through dealing with some issues regarding to employees' stratification, productivity, and quality of outputs. The importance of research stems from highlighting the weaknesses and implications of not take into consideration (SRS) dimensions in an administrative workplace. The (Checklist) was employed to check the extent of application of (SRS) dimensions at some departments within the Presidency of the University of Baghdad. The current layout of the researched organization does not achieve the required convergence among departments to complete their assigned tasks in time and reduce overall efforts and costs.

In health care centers front line nurses are the major people who are responsible for treatment of the patients thus they need highly supportive organization to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively. Workplace bullying has negative outcomes for any type of organization/employee. Thus this needs to be controlled by the management of the concerning organization. Therefore current research is designed to identify the outcomes of workplace bullying for in role performances of specialized nurses in Pakistan. Psychological distress is also great interest of researcher to use it as mediator among workplace bullying and in role performance. By using convenient sampling technique 200 nurses were selected as sample of current study.  In current research self-administered questionnaires are used to collect the data. Latest version of SPSS has been deployed for analysis of data. Further MACRO Process by Preacher and Hayes was used to test the mediation of the current research.
Findings revealed that workplace bullying has drastic results for in-role performance of the specialized nurses and it is also found that psychological distress mediates the relationship among workplace bullying and in role performance.   The respondents who have explicit presentation, who fill in as specific nursing administrations suppliers' the outcome of this investigation attested that there is an association between workplace bullying, job autonomy. Besides, results exhibited that movement freedom can play positive task to redesign on in role performance. It is furthermore investigated that psychological distress as an arbiter in this examination.  There is critical negative relationship among workplace bullying and on in role performance.  The association between work place bullying, workers’ in job autonomy and furthermore demonstrated that activity independence can play positive job to upgrade on in role performance.

This article intends to examine the role of psychological empowerment and spiritual leadership towards alleviating counter productive work behaviours (CPWB). The modern organizations do not rely on sole leadership any more, but the spiritual leadership. The present study focuses on two constructs falling under the rubric of soul leadership, i.e., employee empowerment and spiritual leadership in order to alleviate counterproductive work behaviour. In line with the environment of call centres, these two constructs based on Conservation of Resources Theory are considered sufficient to address the issue in question. Data were collected from a convenient sample of call agents working in call centres located in twin cities of Pakistan i.e., Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 350 respondents were sent questionnaire where usable questionnaires were 302. Structural equation modelling technique was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed negative and significant relationship between spiritual leadership, psychological empowerment and CPWB. Finally the implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

There is an ongoing discussion on the role of workplace internet leisure (WIL) and whether it is a vice or virtue. Considering this, Current study is aimed to examine the effects of Workplace internet leisure on employee productivity with mediating role of employee engagement in the Army health care sector of Pakistan. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from Armed forces nursing officers of different Army hospitals and institutes through convenience sampling size of 300.SPSS model macro Version 3 (Hayes, 2018) was used to analyze the respondents’ feedback. For analysis of workplace internet leisure influence on employee engagement regression is calculated and results indicates that workplace internet leisure has positive and significance impact on employee engagement, while work place internet leisure has positive but insignificance impacts on employee productivity. Additionally, indirect analysis is calculated for mediation analysis, results indicate that employee engagement positively mediates association between workplace internet leisure and employees productivity. Keywords: Workplace internet leisure (WIL), Employee productivity (EP), Employee engagement (EE), Self-determination theory(SDT), Job demand-resource model (JDR)

The paper attempts to enhance the prevailing literature on AMH (Adaptive market hypothesis) and calendar anomalies by first time linking the Monday effect with Adaptive Market Hypothesis that permits the performance of well-known Monday effect to fluctuate over time. For the purpose we inspect the daily returns of 107 individual firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period of 20 years (from January 1996 to December 2015). To explore the varying degree of return predictability of Monday effect we utilize four different subsamples comprising equal length of observations of five years each. We find return predictability of Monday effect evolves over time as performance of this effect varies from time to time and consistent with AMH. Finally, the paper suggests AMH (Adaptive Market Hypothesis) is well elucidation of behavior of Monday effect than traditional EMH (Efficient Market Hypothesis).

Summary: This study focuses on explaining the theoretical basis of the impact of supporting industries (SI) on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI); assessing the state of the impact of SI on FDI attraction into Vietnam in general and Vinh Phuc province in particular. Quantitative analysis results show that, in the field of SI in Vietnam, import suppliers are dominating domestic suppliers, the factor that most affects FDI enterprises' satisfaction level is labor, especially hard-work and progressiveness, followed by quality and attitude of discipline compliance of labor resources. The domestic SI still face difficulties in approaching customers, quality assurance, with outdated technology, lack of high-tech manpower, poor innovative research capabilities... In the coming time, to contribute to FDI attraction into Vietnam, to become a supplier for FDI enterprises, domestic enterprises working in supporting industries (SI enterprises) need to increase the rate of capital investment on technology, improve the quality of human resources, and promote information exchange with FDI enterprises.

One of the issues that has been addressed in recent years is the existence of a
mechanism for determining and assessing the professional qualifications of teachers who have
paid more attention to this in developed countries and have been able to make and develop
their own educational system models. To make in our country, this has also been highlighted
in recent years, and its underlying work has been somewhat done. In this regard, this research
has been conducted with the aim of analyzing and validating the model of professional
competencies based on the Huntly model. The statistical population is all teachers working in
Isfahan province. Using Cochran's formula, 345 people were selected as a statistical sample
and selected randomly. The data gathering tool was a Delphi method and a researcher-made
questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was content validity and reviewed by five
experts and professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated using
Cronbach's alpha test. The results show that the alpha coefficient is more than 0.7, so the
questionnaire has an appropriate reliability. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS
and SPSS20 software. The results show that professional knowledge, professional practice,
and professional commitment are highly valued as a component of the professional
competences of teachers in Isfahan province.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational
health and emotional intelligence in medical universities of Kerman Province. The research
method is mixed-exploratory method and in terms of purpose, the research is developmentalapplied which has collected data through field research. Its statistical population includes all
employees of medical universities in Kerman province which are 17928 individuals that 1524
people were selected as the sample size through stratified random sampling method using
Cochran's formula. Researcher-made questionnaires of organizational health and emotional
intelligence were used to collect research data. Their validity was confirmed by university
professors and experts and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient
which was 0.706 and 0.756, respectively. The results of applying software output path
analysis patterns showed the good fit of structural equation model. The results of testing the
hypotheses by structural equation modeling showed that there is a direct and significant
relationship between organizational health and emotional intelligence in medical universities
of Kerman Province, and among the organizational health aspects, technical, administrative,
and institutional levels had the most relationship with the emotional intelligence, respectively.
Overall, the results indicate a significant relationship between organizational health and its
dimensions with emotional intelligence. Therefore, in order to have healthy and confident
people in the workplace, universities should consider emotional intelligence skills which are
necessary to enjoy organizational health.

Indian Economy is progressing at a considerable pace. There are enough number of opportunities in Information Technology, Pharma, BPOs, KPOs, manufacturing and other sectors. It is a fact that the growth of these sectors is dependent on the supply of amply qualified and skilled managers. Many Business Schools and Management Educational Institutions are working in this direction
The present study aims to know the initiatives of business schools at Hyderabad in general and ICBM-SBE in specific. The objectives of the study are: to identify some of the dimensions of management education, to know the reasons for low outcomes in some of the conventional MBA colleges and to know the perceptions of the students about the quality of management education programmes at ICBM- SBE. Both primary and secondary data have been used for analysis. The sample size is 525. Purposive sampling is used. Statistical tools such as chi-square test, geometric mean, factor analysis and means scores on three point and five point rating are used for analysis. Two brand equity models, Viz., Brandz Model and Keller’s Model have been adapted.
The concluding part of the study states that the quality of management education revolves around three Is viz., Initiatives, Internal Processes and Insights. ICBM – School of Business Excellence which is at the top of the pyramid in both the brand equity models, is well appreciated for the commitment, intertwining information technology with transformation technology and above all for its insight. The makers (The management and staff of ICBM) are quite successful in convincing and drawing the attention of the takers (About 150 recruiters).

A lean accounting system is a complex phenomenon the success of which can depend on several factors. Efforts to implement and/or maintain a successful lean accounting system have failed many times, however, only a few studies have addressed this predicament of the implementers. The objective of this study is to find out the importance of lean accounting system, and the reasons behind its successful implementation. A thorough literature review was performed to meet the research questions.It was found that a successful lean accounting system requires continual strong commitment from top management, introduction of congruent accounting methods,existence of a lean manufacturing/operational system, and effective collaboration with value-stream teams.This study has contributed to extant research by unearthing the interrelationship among the variables such as manufacturing system, traditional accounting system, lean accounting system, role of top management, and others to find out the ingredients of a successful lean accounting implementation.

The study's goal is to look into the connection between administration efficiency and customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry. The SERVQUAL concept was used to keep track of the inquiry. Purposive checking was used in the investigation, which yielded 235 valid responses using the research methodology. The findings revealed that physical properties, empathy, and openness, three components of the SERVQUAL paradigm, have a supportive and vital interaction with clients. In either case, customer satisfaction was negatively affected by dependability and validation.

Employers nowadays should stop worrying about accommodating disabled employees as appropriate assistive technologies (AT) could be adopted that fit with their employees’ limitations and help them work independently. Yet, little consideration is given to examining the adoption of AT by employers for employees with disabilities. As a result, the purpose of this study is to determine how an employer decides to adopt technology for their disabled employees and to look for any significant differences between gender and willingness to hire a disabled worker.This study's survey was conducted among 33 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The judgement sampling technique is utilizsed for this study, where the selection of samples will be among the managers, officers or executives in charge of managing the disabled workers. This study has specifically examined the office assistant apps as the particular AT for disabled people that the government supplied to disabled communities (hearing aids, artificial legs, etc.). The result showed a positive and significant relationship between AT Perceived Usefulness and Intention to Adopt AT. In conclusion, this study provides comprehension of the extent of employers' readiness and interest in providing AT for their disabled employees to improve their capabilities.

According to the American market association (2010), brand is a term, symbol, name, design, term or any other attribute that can be used to identify the products or services of the company. Globalization has increased the competition in market, education has increased the level of customer awareness about the products, increased level of income has made people brand users and social aspect has made people using branded goods a symbol of social image. Thus, it is very important to understand for a marketer that having a brand is not enough but the effective brand management is also important. Everyday new products, substitutes are coming in the market with innovative features, and attractive prices. In this situation, it is one of difficult issue or challenge to deal with brand management. It is important question before the managers to know that how to maintain the brand equity in the continuously changing environment, where the needs and expectations of the customers are changing continuously. The three important elements of brand equity are brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. Brand awareness shows the level of customers to identify the product of the company, brand associations shows the associations between brand and the customer and brand loyalty shows the loyalty of the customers towards the brand. These three elements of the brand equity help in managing a brand by the company.

The role of mass media in policy agenda setting has been considered by an array of researchers. The mass media is not sole factor behind the policy agenda, but it is an important factor among several others. The agenda-setting theory assumes that the media possess the capability to relocate their agenda to the public agenda. Judiciary in Pakistan also seem to be influenced by the agenda-setting function of mass media. The study aims to examine the indirect influence of mass media on public policy by critically analysing the influence of judicial interventions in the form of suo motu on policy making in Pakistan. The time period of the study ranges from 2008 to 2013. The unit of analysis is a single case based on sou motu action taken by the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP). All the suo motu actions taken by the SCP based on media reports during the time period have been analysed. The data have been collected from the archives of the SCP and by overviewing the original court files of the cases. The contents analysis reveals that the SCP taken total 90 suo motu cases during the period, and out of these cases, 56 cases were based on media reports. The study further analyses the decisions in these cases influencing the policy making in Pakistan.  The findings reveal that 19 court cases based on media reports have influenced the public policy making in Pakistan.

The researches have revealed the legislature as the policy or law-making body and the executive branch as the policy implementing body whereas the third pillar of the state, the judiciary, is considered as a legal institute working as an arbitrator in all legal matters. However, the increasing pieces of evidence depict that the judiciary not only acts as an arbitrator in all legal controversies but also plays a role in public policymaking and politics. It is one of the official actors that plays its role in policy processes. This paper examines the role of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) in generating policy input at different stages of policy making. Content and thematic analysis methods have been used on all judicial verdicts given by the SCP on Human Rights Cases (HRCs). The time period ranges from 2009 to 2019. Purposive sampling technique is utilized to draw a sample containing HRCs from the population of judicial verdicts given by SC during the last ten years. The analysis reveals that the Supreme Judiciary provides its policy input and impacts policy process. It has the power to play its significant role in policymaking by giving policy input in problem identification and agenda-setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, and policy evaluation. The policy input given by SCP should be utilized in an effective way to reduce human rights issues and alleviate the infringement of fundamental rights of the citizens of Pakistan.

Recently, it has been discovered there was an emission of microwave radiation in advance of the lightning process. Therefore, a lot of researches focus on designing alarm systems that can detect and analyze these radiated signals. The previous designs based on commercial band-pass filters which have low accuracy factor and quite expensive as well as the detected signal were tiny in amplitude, thus higher efficiency filters are needed with a flat frequency response for passed band frequencies between 950 MHz to 1050 MHz in order to avoid the GSM band which generates a high interference to the mentioned detection system. In this research, a band-pass filter has been designed and tested for measurement with a center frequency of 1 GHz and by using Advance Design System (ADS) to be simulated and then fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The measurement came with good compatibility to the simulation results at return loss of -34.747 dB and also the insertion loss of -3.83 dB. This design also works perfectly for the Lightning detection sensor of Narrow Bipolar Event (NBE).

The adoption of the new Iraqi constitution, a federal, republican, representative, and democratic system had an impact on the distribution of competencies and powers between the center and the regions. What concerns us here is an issue, who is the authority authorized to conclude contracts related to oil wealth in accordance with this constitution? The new constitution has dealt with the exploitation of oil wealth as the most important natural wealth of the country - explicitly through articles (111) and (112), and Article (112) stipulates that the exploitation of this wealth is through the issuance of a law that regulates the mechanism of exploitation. So far to regulate the provisions of exploitation of this wealth - because of differences between the political blocs on it.
Ratification of the majority of the rights of the people of Kurdistan from the permanent constitution of 2005, including the rights of people to the natural resources, especially oil and gas, in two articles (111,112), but until now it will not settle this problem to determine the stake of the Kurdish people and the existence of a continuing conflict between the Kurdistan Region and the center in how to manage oil and gas. This research investigates the legitimacy and authority of the Kurdistan Regional Government and its people to invest and conclude oil and gas contracts in accordance with the constitutional framework, laws, decisions, international, Iraqi and Kurdish agreements and treaties to solve this problem.

This research study assesses whether cartoon programs, the most famous entertainment among children and elders globally, are affecting the behaviour of our children.  The researchers conducted interviews, and a survey from mothers of Lahore city. By using convenient sampling technique, researchers selected 100 mothers of primary school going children who have television set with internet or cables in their homes. The survey research was conducted by utilizing a self-constructed instrument. Fifteen mothers were interviewed using a self-constructed, semi-structured interview protocol.  The study design is mixed method research. The results from both methods were quite similar and consolidated. Study showed that the cartoon programs are influencing our children to a considerable extent. Especially they have a strong and negative effect on the language and verbal responses of children. In today’s scenario in which children use to watch cartoons for a great stretch of their day it was recommended that the cartoon programs should be deeply screened and should be carefully developed keeping in view the social and moral values. There should be valid laws for censor policies for national and international cartoon programs. A great responsibility is also on the shoulders of parents, especially mothers and teachers who have to play critical role in this whole process as they can help them learning something out from a negative experience too.

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 upon the retention of doctors of twin cities'' hospitals of Pakistan. Two moderator’s compensation and training and development were assessed as moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. The model is tested on healthcare sector of Pakistan and the data was collected by the doctors of twin cities of Pakistan. A sample of 208 doctors was collected using random sampling technique. Sem-PLS software was used to analyze the statistics. Perceived Threat of COVID-19 have a positive significant impact on employee’s retention whereas compensation is negatively and significantly moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. Training and development are insignificantly moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. Doctors were found to be not intended to leave their hospitals in threat of COVID-19. Compensation was found to moderate the relation between the both variables, such that weakening the relationship. Training and development were found to be ineffective as a moderator in the relation of perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention.

This study has estimated disaggregated Phillips Curve (PC) in case of Pakistan for food, nonfood and core inflation using annual time series data. The main objective of the study is to compare traditional and open economy Phillips curves using global output gap as external determinant of inflation. The study has estimated global slack hypothesis by augmenting traditional PC with global output gap as measures of global determinant. The accurate measurement of slope of PC has significant role in effective monetary policy formulation to control inflation through managing aggregate demand. There is abundant literature investigating whether Phillips curve still holds, weakened or strengthened as it used to be before 1990. Although less focused in case of Pakistan, for other countries the literature shows evidence of flattening of PC due to many reasons mainly globalization. The results of this study indicate existence of global slack hypothesis where both domestic and global output gaps affect overall inflation in Pakistan positively and significantly. However, when estimated for food and nonfood inflation separately for the period 1976-2019, domestic output gap in presence of global output gap does not affect nonfood inflation in Pakistan. Similarly, for core inflation domestic output gap in presence of global output gap does not affect core inflation in Pakistan. This finding is consistent with existing literature arguing that central banks’ monetary policy intervention significantly affects relation between domestic output gap and core inflation. The results have also indicated that global economic crisis 2008 positively affected overall, food, nonfood and core inflation in Pakistan. The main policy implication of the study is that demand management policies in Pakistan need to be accompanied with supply side price controlling measures considering global economic factors.

Attaining food security and zero hunger under the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 are challenging tasks since more than 730.0 million of the world’s population earn less than $2 a day according to the World Bank report in 2018. The success of achieving these stated goals largely depends on the uplifting of small and subsistence farmers as 90% of the cultivated land for food is owned by these farmers across the world. Safeguarding farmers from the vagaries of nature, crop insurance is one of the effective risk management tools for the agriculture sector. However, for developing countries, affordable crop insurance is a challenging task because of their dilapidated economic outlook and at the same time providing premium subsidy is also essential. In this context, the developing economies have to find out some innovative solutions to cater to this challenge. The Government of Punjab-Pakistan initiated a crop insurance program in Punjab during 2017-18 by providing a 100% premium in the form of subsidy for small farmers (having less than 5 acres of landholding) to provide compensation against their yield losses due to climate change and other uncontrollable factors. The burden of the premium subsidy was immense and the Department of Agriculture Punjab introduce the concept of No Claim Bonus (NCB) or profit-sharing arrangements with insurance companies in Pakistan. The concept was implemented in 2020 through a competitive bidding process and it is a success story for Pakistan that under the NCB, part of the premium subsidy is returned back to the Government by the insurance company after deducting claims and administrative expenses. Developing countries can also experiment the crop insurance based on NCB as per their local circumstances and applicable rules.

COVID-19 has been declared and proven as a source of continuing global economic loss and world shattering over the last 100 years. This dilemma has encouraged global economy to run slow when international flights were shutdown, universities were closed, complete lockdown, ban on tourism and so on. This study aims at investigating economic perspective of Covid-19 on south Asian countries and revival measures adopted by them. Data was collected from already published research articles from various databases. By having a systematic review of latest related articles available online it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally. Factors responsible for such severe economic crisis are termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports, foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact. Implication of this study is useful in developing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of economic crisis on South Asian economies.

This article aims at investigating the moderating role of proactive personality in the relationship between psychological breach of contract and workers’ outcomes which include counterproductive work behavior. Using social exchange theory, it was found that when employees face violation of their psychological contract, they may retaliate the same negative emotion in the form of counterproductive work behavior. A survey was conducted among the major cities of five provinces of Pakistan to investigate the model under investigation. The sample population were the public sector nurses of Pakistan. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to test and verify the hypothesis under investigation. The results didn’t support the mediating role of proactive personalities in the relationship of psychological breach of contract and counterproductive work behavior. The study attempts to fill up the gap between the psychological aspects of employees with their outcomes at the workplace.

Humanity is threatened by COVID-19 since 2019 with severe impact on human economic, social and environmental activities. The spread of pandemic is responsible for creating uncertainty and challenges for developing countries like Pakistan to achieve united nations sustainable development goals. It has a severe impact on every sector of country like tourism, trade, production, health and supply. This study focuses on exploring the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable goals of Pakistan and strategies adopted to cope with this pandemic.  SDGs provides guidelines, targets and implementation and financing strategies globally. By having systematic review of already published research articles from various databases were helpful in formulating recommendations to combat the impact of COVID-19 on attaining sustainable development goals. On the basis of available literature and systematic review it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally economically, socio economically emotionally and had severe impact on achieving sustainable development goals. Factors that create hurdles in achieving sustainable development goals in Pakistan are decline in international trade, decrease in remittances inflow, termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports and foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact.  This study would be an initiative for future sustainable progress in Pakistan and helpful for developing and implementing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of COVID-19 that delays the attainment of sustainable development goals in Pakistan.

Monitoring and control is an essential process in construction project management and delivery. It is therefore imperative for construction companies to employ the use of the most effective monitoring and control techniques available to meet project objectives. Nowadays, innovative information technology is used to optimize project management, which has a strong ability to indicate and control project activities throughout the project life cycle by using project software and utilizing this type of software to manage and develop the formalization level of project management to ensure the project is free of quality, cost, time issues, accident prevention, and other issues. As a result, the failure to use monitoring and control technologies while constructing the project has resulted in the failure of many projects and dissatisfaction with the project. Consequently, it may deliver the project with low quality and over planning budget and also exceed the target day. The goal of this research is to evaluate monitoring and control technologies used in construction projects in the Sultanate of Oman and to make recommendations for improving monitoring and control technologies and software programs in construction projects in the Sultanate of Oman. In the Sultanate of Oman, a research project was conducted using the questionnaire approach in 33 construction industries. The measurement and model reliability and validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Lastly, the conclusion has been added to aid construction firms and the project. Academically, this research contributes to students' and employees' expertise, as well as providing a breakthrough for practitioners in understanding the core functions of variables in the construction industry.

The current study adds on to the existing literature by investing the outcomes of despotic leadership. Specifically, we investigate counterproductive work behavior could be a response to despotic supervision by employees’ working under them. Moreover, we investigate whether the proactive personalities are better at coping with despotic supervision at workplace. We measured the constructs under investigation from the nurses working in the public hospitals of Pakistan with a total sample of 386 nurses. Quantitative research was conducted by adopting quota sampling (provinces) and convenient sampling respectively. The results support the mediating effect between psychological breach of contract between despotic leadership and counterproductive work behavior. The moderating effect of proactive personality was however found to be insignificant. For individuals, proactive personality traits serve as an improvement of individual personalities to cope with despotic leaders at the job place; for organizations, our study results provide managers with specific despotic traits that may provoke breach of psychological contract and result into counterproductive work behavior. The current study adds on to the literature of despotic leadership specially in relation to workplace outcomes like counterproductive work behavior and psychological breach of contract. Further, the role of proactive personalities is enhanced and elaborated in coping with despotic leaders adding.

Every country has two main demand management policies: monetary policy and fiscal policy. This study is an attempt to elucidate the relationship between monetary policy and sectoral value-added in SAARC countries over the period 1990-2020 by applying the panel ARDL technique.  The findings of the study suggest that monetary policy has a positive bearing on sectoral value-added in SAARC countries. Moreover, the study has suggested that monetary policymakers must devise the policy by focusing on sectoral growth.

This quantitative paper aims to measure the service quality of airline service perceived by Pakistani customers, and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Partial Least Square Structural - Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to measure the relationship. It used a self-administered questionnaire by incorporating AIRQUAL measurement model. Respondents (n=168) who have travelled from Pakistan to Malaysia were sent questionnaire through social media. Convenience sampling technique was used, and the results revealed that Airline Tangibles, Personnel Services, and Image have a positive and significant relationship with Customer Satisfaction whereas Empathy and Terminal Tangibles showed an insignificant relationship with Customer Satisfaction. Results also showed a strong positive relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Moreover, the management of airlines and airport services need to reconsider the services they provide to their customers who are travelling from Pakistan to Malaysia.

The Research aim is to determine the essence of the relationship between students' mathematical representations in high school and their mathematical ability.
The following null hypotheses were established in order to achieve the research objectives:

There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average true performance and the average hypothetical performance of third-grade intermediate students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Rusafa 1/, Al-Rashdiyah district, on the multiple mathematical representations test prepared for the aforementioned purpose and according to the gender variable.
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average true performance and the average hypothetical performance of third-grade intermediate students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Rusafa 1/, Al-Rashdiyah district, on the mathematical ability test prepared for the aforementioned purpose, according to the gender variable.
There is no correlation relationship at the level of significance (0.05) between Multiple mathematical representations and Mathematics ability among third-grade middle school students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Rusafa 1/ district AL-Rashidiya, according to the gender variable.

After identifying the research community, which represented high school students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad /Rusafa 1/, Al-Rashidiya district, third-grade intermediate students were determined  in order to conduct the field study.Thus, the size of the research sample reached (269) male and female students (134) male and (135) female students. For the purpose of collecting data for this research, two tests were constructed:

Test of multiple mathematical representations according to the Lesch model (Lesh):in its finalized form of (25 ) A test paragraph with (21) of the objective type and (4) of the Assay type.
Mathematical Ability Test: It consists of (28) test items of the objective type.

Then, appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted for the two test items, and to verify the psychometric properties of them. After adopting the statistical tools for analyzing the results of applying the two tests, the results reached showed that:

The third-grade intermediate students have the research sample of multiple mathematical representations.
The superiority of females over males in the multiple mathematical representations test.
Third-grade students possessing the average of the research sample, the mathematical ability.
Females surpass males in the mathematically ability test.
There is a positive and strong correlational relationship among students between multiple mathematical representations and ability They have a positive relationship.

In light of the research results, several recommendations were made, including:

Curriculum designers in the Ministry of Education must emphasize the multiple mathematical representations of students when building and developing mathematics curricula, as well as adding exercises and heritage activities that develop their  mathematical abilities.
Exposing students to various practical and life situations that require them to use mathematical representations  and  to employ their mathematical abilities.
Raising the awareness of mathematics teachers of the importance of multiple mathematical representations and the mathematical ability of students as one of the important goals of teaching mathematics advocated by the National Council of Mathematics Teachers( NCTM, 2000).

According to the results, several proposals were suggested, including:

Conduct  a similar study for the elementary and preparatory stages, to see if they possess  Multiple mathematical representations and types of Mathematical ability.
Conduct a similar analysis in other governorates for the same grade and compare the findings.
Conduct experimental studies to employ some software to employ various mathematical representations that will help students improve their mathematical abilities.

The present research aims to study the relationship between mathematical Connectionsand strategic intelligence for students of the mathematics department in the College of Education by answering the following questions:                                                                 

Do students of the Department of Mathematics in the College of Education possess mathematical Connection skills?
Do students of the mathematics department in the College of Education possess strategic intelligence?
What is the direction and strength of the Connectional relationship between mathematical Connections and strategic intelligence among students of the Mathematics Department in the College of Education?

In order to achieve the goal of the research and answer its questions, the researcher developed a set of hypotheses and the research community was identified, which represents students of the mathematics departments in the Faculties of Education in Baghdad Governorate (College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haytham / Baghdad University and the College of Education Al-Mustansiriya University). The fourth is from the mathematics department at the College of Education, Ibn al-Haytham, as it consisted of (130) male and female students, divided into (79) male and (51) female students.

With an increase in the number of fund houses entering the asset management business, the Indian Mutual Fund Industry has turned into a competitive marketplace. An increase in the number of schemes translates to increased choice (and confusion) for investors, while for fund managers, it means more pressure to beat the benchmark indices. Correlation research method is used on scheme variables such as Assets Under Management (AUM), Expense Ratio, and the Monthly Returns of select Indian Midcap Schemes for the period January 2016 to 2021 to determine the statistical relationships between the variables. Three schemes from amongst the midcap schemes, after putting them into clusters, are picked for this study. Findings from this research can help fund managers, and Asset Management Companies (AMCs) better manage their schemes by tweaking expenses and further maximizing investor returns.

This article discusses the use of English anthroponyms in the social sphere, anthroponymic formulas, signals of anthroponyms. It also discusses some of the research that has emerged as a result of a comparative analysis of the etymology of anthroponyms with Russian and other languages. The nominative value of names, anthroponymic formulas, and signals of anthroponyms are also discussed.

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is a book in the field of Quranic exegesis written by Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id bin Umar. The Muslim community has used this book as a reference to understand the meaning of the al-Quran. However, there is a tremendous amount of denunciation done towards the book by the community due to the lack of clear resources in translating verses of al-Quran, which has confused the community on the legality of the translation done in the book. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study and detect the original resources of the writer in the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, and expressing how the sources are taken from the Quranic verses. The analysis of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan used the genetic approach which Goldman publicized in studying the origin of the resources. While carrying out the research, the researcher referred to the text from Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan and Tafsir al-Khazin and compared both texts to detect the similarities and differences. The result of the analysis proved that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id implemented five methods; the text was referenced from Tafsir al-Khazin while finishing his work which is quoting the text, writing an abstract, removal of some of the words, adding explanation, and refuting part of the text. The research showed that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id refers to the Tafsir al-Khazin while creating his work to strengthen the translations written. Thus, he successfully strengthens translation when the contents of the text are parallel to the reference. However, in certain places existed a text from the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, which contradicts Tafsir al-Khazin's content, which failed to strengthen the translation in a particular part of the text.

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is a book in the field of Quranic exegesis written by Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id bin Umar. The Muslim community has used this book as a reference to understand the meaning of the al-Quran. However, there is a tremendous amount of denunciation done towards the book by the community due to the lack of clear resources in translating verses of al-Quran, which has confused the community on the legality of the translation done in the book. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study and detect the original resources of the writer in the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, and expressing how the sources are taken from the Quranic verses. The analysis of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan used the genetic approach which Goldman publicized in studying the origin of the resources. While carrying out the research, the researcher referred to the text from Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan and Tafsir al-Jamal and compared both texts to detect the similarities and differences. The result of the analysis proved that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id implemented five methods; the text was referenced from Tafsir al-Jamal while finishing his work which is quoting the text, writing an abstract, removal of some of the words, adding explanation, and refuting part of the text. The research showed that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id refers to the Tafsir al-Jamal while creating his work to strengthen the translations written. Thus, he successfully strengthens translation when the contents of the text are parallel to the reference. However, in certain places existed a text from the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, which contradicts Tafsir al-Jamal's content, which failed to strengthen the translation in a particular part of the text.

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is a book in the field of Quranic exegesis written by Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id bin Umar. The Muslim community has used this book as a reference to understand the meaning of the al-Quran. However, there is a tremendous amount of denunciation done towards the book by the community due to the lack of clear resources in translating verses of al-Quran, which has confused the community on the legality of the translation done in the book. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study and detect the original resources of the writer in the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, and expressing how the sources are taken from the Quranic verses. The analysis of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan used the genetic approach which Goldman publicized in studying the origin of the resources. While carrying out the research, the researcher referred to the text from Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan and Tafsir al-Baydawi and compared both texts to detect the similarities and differences. The result of the analysis proved that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id implemented five methods; the text was referenced from Tafsir al-Baydawi while finishing his work which is quoting the text, writing an abstract, removal of some of the words, adding explanation, and refuting part of the text. The research showed that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id refers to the Tafsir al-Baydawi while creating his work to strengthen the translations written. Thus, he successfully strengthens translation when the contents of the text are parallel to the reference. However, in certain places existed a text from the Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, which contradicts Tafsir al-Baydawi's content, which failed to strengthen the translation in a particular part of the text.

Quality of work-life explains the well-being of induvial at their organizations. It is a very important factor in their balance between family and social life. In this respect, current paper aims to investigate the relations between quality of work-life, knowledge sharing, and innovative culture among university lecturers in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To do this, 166 data have been collected from public and private universities in the region. Based on the results, it has been observed that work-life quality is significantly and positively related to the innovative culture at universities. Therefore, it is suggested that university administrators should provide a healthy work environment to their academic staff for the effectiveness of their departments

Intellectual capital and knowledge management explain the company’s performance. It is a very important dimension to improve the company’s dynamic capabilities and performance based on those factors. In addition, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, knowledge capacity, and dynamic capability, also the relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge capacity as well. To do these 178 data have been conducted across companies in the region. Based on the result, it has been observed that intellectual capital has a strong and significant impact on dynamic capabilities, also knowledge capacity has a significant impact on dynamic capability, eventually intellectual capital has also a significant impact on dynamic capability. It is suggested that the company owners and top managers should provide healthy and enough knowledge and intellectual capital.

The paper aims to understand the impact of trust, perceived risk, and perceived technology on the customer intention for online shopping. The online shopping habits are new and emerging in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In this regard, the data collected to from the region to understand the main reasons those drive of slow the customers to purchase online. The results have shown that perceived risk effected customers’ online shopping intentions negatively. Secondly, perceived technology was affecting the intentions positively. Lastly, it was observed that trust was positively related with the online purchase intentions.

Agriculture Sector is contributing 16.5%to the GDP of the country and has enclosed more than 50% workforce are still engaged in agriculture and allied activities. (Economic survey 2019-20)Though higher workforce is involved, they are not self-reliable to earn their livelihood and it is indispensable to rethink the shift of agricultural sector. In this scenario Agri entrepreneurship or farm entrepreneurship apparently benefits the small-scale farmers to be self-reliable and independent. The National Institute for Management of Agricultural Extension (MANAGE) has classified 32 activities of agribusiness all over India (as on 5th February 2021) covering horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, dairy farming, poultry, agri clinics and agribusiness centres. Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centres (ACABCS) in the post globalization era have emerged as an important commercial activity in agriculture and Agribusiness undertakings formed by trained agriculturists. Such business may include sale of inputs, maintenance and custom hiring of farm equipment with other facilities in agriculture and allied areas as well as market linkages for revenue generation, post-harvest administration and entrepreneurial progress. Nodal Training institutes are contributing significantly for the development and growth of ACABCs. With this background, the study is undertaken at with an objective of examining the relationship of training programmes and the success of ACABCs in Karnataka. Sixty (29 Trained and 31 untrained) sample Agripreneurs drawn from Bengaluru urban and rural districtswere contacted with a structured questionnaire to understand their business growth and success level with the help of various parameters. Hypothesis testing was done with the help of Chi square test. For analysis simple percentage technique was applied. It has also come out with few findings and suggestions.

^{Sarojini Naidu is well acknowledged as the Title of “Nightingale of India” was a high-achieving student, prominent independence struggle activist of India and also a sonnetist. She was the first lady Indian President of our country, she was a lady prominent figure and she was the first Governor of the state Uttar Pradesh, was a dynamic personality as a patriot and politician too, a person who writes polemics and was an effective inspiration for all of well known women’s in the country India and as a whole in the entire world, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu’s eponym is at the peak level. Amongst the other famous personalities, even though she was genuinely one of the extraordinary personalities of the entire earth. She was among the most famous personalities of the century numbered as 20th, her arrival to the earth as a strong personality is acknowledged by a special day known as “Women’s Day”. Paper is focused on the remarkable benchmark the area of poetry. Her poetic sense is focused with a remarkable bank of words which are so ethnic to sing with real feelings. “Bul Bul-e-Hind” was published in the year 1905 and this was an initialization of her poetic aspect. This paper focuses on the aspects of The Pardah Nashin, The Village Song, Lotus and The bird of time.}

Real time stock prediction is growing demand with dynamic changing markets. Especially sentiments of the market are going to change the stock price dynamically, giving fund managers challenging scenario when they are investing.  This paper proposes stock prediction model aiding stock agents to predict closing prices and current price of the stock. The algorithm models the stock tick and balance data parameters using KPCA Trans-formation and Artificial neural network model. Our stock predictor is cost optimized and end to end delay optimized to achieve real time stock prediction.   Stock predictor is architected using Clean architecture and GRPC based microservices which gives the advantage of real time modifications, pluggability with minimum validation costs. Secure and cost-effective data backup features of the cloud will give additional cost advantage to the companies implementing the new stock predictor services.

Since startup has been becoming hot issue in many Vietnam universities and communities in recent years, we performed this study relating startup in minorities in such cities as Thai Nguyen city in the North of Vietnam.
By using mainly qualitative analysis, analytical, synthesis and inductive methods, this study specified that it is better to train and equip young people with startup experiences through mass media and through local youth union activities because they may lack of experiences. Next, it is necessary to train and propagate about the experiences of some young startup models in the area; set up startup groups and clubs at all levels, from commune / ward levels to support young people with startup knowledge for each specific field.
Finally, our study also propose conclusion with recommendations for startups.

This research examined how the implication international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are related to the main audit aspects in the report of the auditor. The application of these standards could help many essential matters appear. In the report of auditor, these matters are to be disclosed. However, the current Iraqi auditor report does not include any clarifications to users on how to deal with these matters as a result of not applying auditing standard No. (701) accordingly.

The main objective of the research is to verify the relationship and influence between the inclusive leadership and the corporate entrepreneurship in the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and to identify the reality of the behaviors and processes of the inclusive leadership prevailing among the administrative leaderships in the ministry in order to develop appropriate mechanisms and procedures that work to create a culture of inclusive leadership style Which enhances belonging and exclusivity among all employees and encourages creativity and innovation and directs them towards achieving corporate entrepreneurship. Data were collected from an intentional sample of the administrative leaders working in the researched ministry and consisted of (150) respondents, and for the purpose of data analysis, and the statistical programs (SPSS, AMOS) were added by adopting statistical methods. The results showed the correctness of the correlation and influence relationships at the level of major variables and sub-dimensions, indicating the essential role of inclusive leadership to achieve the corporate entrepreneurship in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

This paper aims at identifying the main processes in the circular economy based on review of definitions given by different eminent researchers. These processes can be adopted and implemented by business entities and policy makers to achieve the desired effects. These effects may include not only environment but also economic and social.  These processes may be practiced by businesses to achieve circularity and shift from the traditional linear business model to a circular one.  Based on understanding of definitions of circular economy, it is necessary to provide a detailed note of processes in circular economy to conceptualize how stake holders can practice them in actual. This paper aims to identify and characterize the processes in circular economy and then conceptualize the anticipated impacts through using these processes in business models in different sectors in the economy.

The main aim of the study is to bring out the patient satisfaction and the quality of health care service. The research has taken different dimensions of service quality namely Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Empathy and Assurance. The study is based on primary and secondary data and discussions with hospital officials including doctors, nurses and administrative staff members etc. In order to fulfill the objectives, a sample study was undertaken by using a well framed interview schedule. The respondents (Patients) were selected with various background based on important aspects of their occupation, education, age and other demographic variables from the study area i.e., Tirunelveli district. The primary data relating to the study are collected through personal interview with the patients of the private hospitals in Tirunelveli district. Personal interview by the researcher is the major tool used for the data collection. The Sample Size of the present study is 600 from 12 selected hospitals from Tirunelveli District. The primary data is gathered from the patients who are using hospital services of private Hospitals in Tirunelveli District. The data were analysed using t’ test and ANOVA. This study brought to light the fact that the patients were very much satisfied on the service quality of the private hospitals in the region but at the same time they expect a lot more from the private hospitals in the present scenario of technological developments in health care industry. Hence, this study will pave way to further research to explore this mechanism in depth to provide quality health care services to facilitate the patients, the society as a whole.

Ismail Al Faruqi offered many opinions on the principles and foundations of the aesthetic of Islamic art. For this reason, this paper aims to present an analytical study on the set of opinions presented by Al-Faruqi to enrich Islamic art, and also to reveal some concepts related to the beauty of Islamic art from Al-Faruqi's point of view. The approach followed in this study is the methodology of content analysis. The study concluded that Ismail Al-Faruqi is the founder of the Islamic aesthetic and artistic theory, based on the Holy Quran as the first source of Islamic knowledge. The study also concluded that monotheism (Tawhid) is the principle of beauty inherent in Islamic art, based on the opinion of Al-Faruqi.

Purpose: This study aims to test the framework of green organizational identity to check the positive impact of environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership on green innovation performance and green competitive advantage and via mediator – green organizational identity.
Design/methodology/approach: Cross‐sectional research design was applied to this study. Data collected from 400 respondents and proposed hypothesis were verified through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique and mediation analysis.
Findings: Findings indicate a positive impact on green organizational identity. Besides this green organizational identity plays a partial mediator role and has a positive impact on green competitive edge and green innovation performance. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a low environmental organizational culture that environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership have significant and environmental leadership than large organizations. SMEs should improve their environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership to enhance the green organizational identity.
Practical implications: Through the green organizational identity model organizational will able to enhance their green organizational identity that will give assist to gain green competitive advantage and to improve green innovation performance.
Originality/value: This study applies the theory of green organizational identity and develops an integral conceptual model to check its sources and outcomes.

Air transport operation is a set of measures aimed at meeting the needs of air transportation. This complex includes measures to create demand for air transportation and satisfy it in order to generate profit. The successful functioning of the air traffic system in the region is largely determined by the accuracy and reliability of the forecast, which is especially important for socially significant routes.
The forecast results are used at all stages of planning and operations, i.e. from the design of the air network to the formation of flight chains. This makes it possible, to plan economic indicators (such as incomes, including subsidies, and expenses, including financial payments), which directly affects the choice of tariff policy. The process of justifying all managerial decisions made both at the regional level and at the level of the airline should be based on the results of a predictive assessment of external and internal factors.
Forecasting is a process that uses both past experience and current assumptions about the future to determine specific indicators in it. A set of methods is currently used to predict passenger traffic.
The article analyzes the methods of forecasting passenger traffic used by various authors and proposes a methodological approach to forecasting passenger traffic on air routes in the northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Within the framework of the proposed approach, a method for forecasting passenger traffic has been developed, a feature of which is to take into account such important factors such as the paying capacity of consumers, the purpose of their travel, and the availability of transport services by income level. The use of the methodological approach will make it possible to determine the predicted passenger traffic in order to achieve the target indicators of transport activity with minimal budgetary costs, as well as improve the quality and efficiency of management decisions made in the field of forecasting and logistics management of transportation processes.

The article examines the role and importance of taxes for the formation of the budget system, highlights the shortcomings of the tax collection system, considers approaches to defining the concept of tax administration, assessing its effectiveness. The existing problems in terms of calculating the efficiency of tax administration have been identified. An assessment method was developed and tested on the example of several tax authorities in the Russian Federation.
The study aims to develop theoretical aspects and methodology for assessing tax administration in the Russian Federation as the basis for ensuring budget revenues.

The organisational atmosphere is the common experience of workers who work and live in the organisation. It is the sum of people's opinions about an organization's procedures, policies, and activities. It represents the psychological environment of the company, which is made up of individual perspectives framed over time on micro events that affect them and those around them. It is a set of measurable work environment characteristics that have an effect on the participants' job and happiness, either directly or indirectly. Employees' knowledge of organisations and their work is shaped and enhanced by organisational climate variables. With innovative individual motivation to exchange knowledge among group members, a cooperative environment unlocks the right to use among group members and offers more efficiency. In order to boost the country's economic situation, corporate management should strive to create a welcoming organisational atmosphere. The sugar industry plays a complementary role in generating foreign exchange. Apart from text tails, the sugar industry is the largest in the manufacturing sector, employing thousands of technicians and a shortage of trained and unskilled workers. Thousands of people are still involved in the sugar trade and the transportation of sugar cane. As a result, the study focuses primarily on the organisational climate of selected sugar mills in Tamil Nadu.

Introduction: Young entrepreneurs loving to sharpen up their business skills and their business challenges pave a way to innovative ideas in business domain. It leads to develop a positive outlook among juvenile innovative entrepreneurs to utilize it as an opportunity. All effective innovations are breathtakingly. Youth entrepreneurship has becoming a vital factor in ensuring a brighter future for the nation. Entrepreneurship attitude leads to innovation is seen as not only the solution to unemployment but also fundamental in nurturing young people to unleash their potential to the fullest.
Objectives:To emphasize the opportunities and challenges of budding entrepreneurs in the college students; and to identify the strategies of online free enterprises with nominal investment in Chennai City.
Methods: Structured questionnaire package that inquired information including Gender, Age, Education level, Source of Parental Income, daily time spent for business and challenges leads to innovative business opportunities among young entrepreneurs. Liker’s five-point scale is developed to test the juvenile innovative entrepreneurs’ attitudes with percentage analysis and Chi- Square, KMO coefficient and the Bartlett’s test of with sixty samples for the research.
Result: There is no significant relationship between “Challenges and Opportunities of Young innovative entrepreneurs. On the differing, the null hypothesis is accepted and shows that the there is significant relationship between “Challenges and Opportunities of Young innovative entrepreneurs during their business passion.
Conclusion: The study assessed that young innovative entrepreneurs are using technology as a vast weapon to encounter the challenges faced while playing entrepreneurial role in the modern business world. “Most significant walk has to be taken by young innovative entrepreneurs to trendy economic revolution and cost-effective business strategy in the modern epoch.”

Objective: Nowadays, insufficient attention to environmental issues and CSR in governmental organizations have undermined their performances and credibility. This research aims to comparatively study a sustainable development executive model based on CSR and green management with mediating role of ISO 26000 among executive organizations.
Methods: This is a developmental-applied research with a comparative-inductive logic for data collection. This study uses a descriptive survey method. The statistical population consists of two samples of 32 experts and 360 managers, and deputies of provincial executive organizations. Data collection tools included a questionnaire of CSR, green management, and ISO 26000. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS software.
Results: The results indicate that social responsibility can predict green management in executive organizations. There is a significant relationship between these two variables with mediating role of ISO 26000. CSR has a positive and significant effect on green management and ISO 26000. Among the dimensions of social responsibility (leadership and intra-organizational processes), the dimensions of green management (leadership) and the dimensions of ISO 26000 (organizational governance) have the highest priorities. There is a significant relationship between the three levels of development in provinces in which this model was applied to their executive organizations.
Originality/Value: Defining a sustainable development model and applying it to executive organization in Iran for the first time which adds to the dissemination of developmental research.

For better business performance we need to improve management.
Business performance measurements can be done via many indicators such as stock price, profits. With the support of OLS linear regression, the paper aims to estimate effects from macro indicators on stock price in brick and granite ceramic sector, esp. in Taicera (TCR) in Vietnam?
Our research found that between stock price of TCR and many macro factors there is negative correlation. Between stock price and Risk free rate (Rf) there is positive correlation.
So, board need to enhance or forecast effects from macro policies on their stock price to manage the firm better.
On the other hand, investors and institutions can refer to the model for prediction of stock price.

The economy of Tamil Nadu is agro-forestry based economy based on agriculture and its associated activities. Among the blocks in Tamil Nadu Gudiyattam Block of Vellore district is agriculturally developed one. Agricultural labourers constitute overwhelming majority segment of operational inhabitants. Their number in Tamil Nadu as per 2011 census is around 3.25 millions. In agricultural harvesting process both male and female labourers are employed. In all purpose merely male workers were working because they are the emotionally involved workers when compare to their counterpart. They live in poorly built-up and socially low status houses, starving and malnourished. Their educational, economic and social statuses are also very low when we compare to the main stream of the society. Without providing proper importance given to agricultural labourers concerning the living environment is enhanced, no country can attain real progress and development in agriculture. In this background, this study concentrates on the problems and constraints of agricultural labourers in Gudiyattam Block of Vellore District in Tamil Nadu.

Understanding how human resource management is in different contexts is very important. Because the success of an organization in achieving its final goals is closely related to the understanding of HR managers before implementing governance efforts in the field, one of which is applying HR in the international business industry. To understand and apply these human resources, we have done a series of electronic data searches. We focus our search on international publications through data searches based on the Google Scholar application and other electronic data sources that we systematically choose between 2010 and 2021 issues. Then we analyze the data by involving the coding system, evaluation, and in-depth interpretation to get answers to the research questions of this study with valid and reliable findings. HR management is also critical in international business and industrial practices, as is HR in a national context. The difference is that HR management is more stringent in the context of human resources in the international business Process design is highly structured in a company to ensure the successful and productive use of human resources by ensuring that it achieves borderless, territorial, and adaptable goals to all conditions, cultures, and geopolitics.

Corporate brand identity is a key issue for any organization. Accordingly, its study is a profitable field of research. As a result, companies should pay special attention to brand identity management because it affects employees' commitment to the organization, their job satisfaction, and brand performance. The present study aimed to investigate the role of organizational commitment in the relationship between organizational brand identity, brand performance and job satisfaction of Shahr Bank employees. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study was the employees of Shahr Bank which was estimated to be 120 samples through Morgan table, and then the data were collected using cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect information, which was distributed among the sample after confirming its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94%). Finally, after collecting data, the data were analyzed using structural equations (Smart PLS). To analyze the research data, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used. The results show that brand identity has a positive effect on employee commitment, as well as sub-hypotheses of positive effect of focus on customer and employee, brand personality and having consistent relationships on the formation of brand identity were confirmed. Also positive effect of brand visual identity and human resource planning on the formation of brand identity was not confirmed according to the results. Finally, the hypotheses of a positive effect of employee commitment on brand performance and employee job satisfaction were confirmed.

The Covid19 pandemic negativity has come up with one silver lining in the educational system, that of more use of smart and intelligent technological interventions in education: Smart and education system. This has sensitised the educators about the kind of technological change that the education systems are about to experience. As with all the technologies smart education system has its pros and cons. However, one of the main impediments in adopting this technological transformation is trust.
During the next phases of the pandemic, colleges everywhere must be able to transition to a completely online format at a moment’s notice. Once the COVID-19 crisis ends, the need for agile teaching models will continue, as a potential health or climate crisis may occur at any time. However, getting the technology in place to offer course content online is not enough to ensure robust teaching.
This research paper is exploring the importance of ‘trust’ with effective and appropriate use of smart education tools and techniques and establish relationship between ‘Smart education’ and ‘trust’ as well as ‘Evaluation and attentiveness’ and ‘trust’ to ensure broad understanding between the faculty and students as their individual experiences. The paper also focuses on involving ethical practises particularly in evaluation procedure while using smart education system.

The research focuses on the Sustainable Development Goal 12 of the United Nations Millennium Development Program of responsible consumption and production of industrial minerals. The research creates an unique model called as the Centripetal Model using the Delphi Technique as well as other factors such as the macroeconomic concepts, cost analysis, market analysis (fragmentation and concentration) to justify the need for a Sustainable Development Framework. The Sustainable Development Model is necessary in the trading of industrial minerals since it raises the issues relating to the environmental issues and the researchers develop the centripetal model which helps in contributing the sustainable development of industrial minerals. This centripetal framework helps in responsible consumption of the industrial minerals, cement, aggregates and other natural resources which would contribute to responsible utilisation of the resources, develop the societal needs and improvise the conditions of all the different stakeholders associating with the minerals industry.

The Indian IT Sector has grown at the very fast pace and since the IT Platform becomes the base for all the other industries to evolve post new normal, India has a great advantage of developing its most competitive sector into the most profitable sector. This could be possible when the firms in the sector are able to develop their sustainability through value creation and innovation. This research studies on the PESTEL factors of India and how it influences the sector’s competitive advantage. The researchers study how the IT sectors support in the social and environment factors and contribute to sustainable development.
The research emphasises on the PESTEL factors and how the emerging of new platforms of technology could pave way for new firms to be innovative and thereby contribute to overall factors of development. Competitiveness and innovation in the technology sectors could be the philosophy for survival for the IT firms and thereby the nation needs to create an overall ecosystem for the firms to breed. This research studies on different factors relating to sustainability and competitiveness and its contribution to economic prosperity. The research has been conducted by studying the top 5 IT firms out of the Fortune 500 IT firms in India. Though the research is conducted considering the global and macro economic factors that affect both the internal and external environments. The chosen firms for study have been TCS, CTS, Accenture, Capgemini and Infosys. Though the paper focusses on different aspects relating to sustainability, competitiveness and the PESTEL factors, there is an aspect of Environmental Factors that contribute to sustainable development and the impact of economic prosperity and rise of social development thereby poverty alleviation also a part indirectly linked to the idea of this chosen topic.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the antecedents of purchase intentions of the secondhand market customers. In this regard, the data was collected from Kurdistan region of Iraq to test the impacts of antecedents. Collected data was composed of validity and reliability analysis. Regression analysis was used to test the impacts. Results reveal that price has significant negative impact on the purchase intention while product quality, safety, and serviceability had significant positive impact on the purchase intentions. Lastly, it was observed that oil consumption didn’t have a significant impact on the purchase intentions of the customers.

Expert system (ES) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that is used to manage different problems by making use of interactive computer-based decision-making process. It uses both factual information and heuristics to resolve the complicated decision-making issues in a specific domain. The architecture of the expert system was analyzed and found that it includes several parts such as user interface, knowledge base, working memory, inference engine, explanation system, system engineer, and knowledge engineer, user, and expert system shell in which each part of the architecture of an expert system is based on different functionary that helps it to make an adequate decision by analyzing complex situations. The research aims to analyze the application of expert systems or decision-making systems in the field of education and found that it is used for different purposes such as assessing teacher performance, providing guidance to the students regarding their career, and providing quality learning to students with disabilities. It is also used to help the students to make rightful career decisions and become efficient professionals after completing their studies.

This article discusses sociopragmatic analysis, a branch of pragmalinguistics, and the methodological foundations of the sociopragmatic study of literary texts. Sociopragmatism is one of the most important branches of linguistics, which makes its aspects more visible in the literary text. for this reason it is characterized by the high importance of communicative pragmatics and sociopragmatics in text analysis.

The article is based on a study of the social situation, the results of the practical work of civil society organizations on the social protection of adolescent girls who marry early in Uzbek families and affected by the negative consequences of early childbirth were analyzed.
There is also new methods for solving these problems by conducting sociological surveys among mothers of adolescent, elder and olders on the problem of changing attitudes towards early life and early childbirth in Uzbek families, and development of a methodological guide based on the analytical results, organizing roundtables on "How to radically change the worldview of mothers and mothers-in-law in the preparation of girls for safe childbirth in Uzbek families?" .

In the uncertain environment in the tourism sector especially in Arab Middle East countries, Jordan has been affected by many internal factors such as economic crisis which has threatened the political instability and external factors such as wars in neighboring countries. In order to adapt with these shift in the hotel's sector, they should integrate strategic planning (SP) to the organization of its processes in order to make a better projection for the future. The aim of this research is to elucidate the “black box” connecting strategic planning process and organizational ambidexterity via establishing possible intervening factors. In order to guarantee a significant degree of planning practices, only three, four, and five-star hotels were targeted for data collection for the research. Data were collected from employees of 3 stars and 4 star hotels. IBM SPSS and AMOS software were used to interpret and summarize the data collected as well as to determine the effects of moderation-mediation, hence descriptive statistical techniques was employed to determine the frequency, percentage, means and standard deviation of the respondents. The findings revealed that hotel performance matters. The result also revealed that strategic planning amongst others enhance hotel performance and organization that utilize these constructs have a clear purpose and focus which drive them to optimum productivity.

This study aimed to determine the level of financial reporting compliance and comparative analysis of selected SMEs' financial statements to develop and propose a financial planning model as a tool for the financial decision-making of SMEs.
Descriptive and correlational research was utilized. Mean, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation used for data analysis.
The findings revealed that SMEs financial reporting compliance was not significantly different when grouped as to the length of existence, number of employees, asset capitalization, beginning liability, and position. The financial reporting compliance in terms of income, expense, asset, liabilities, equity, and earnings per share showed a significant relationship with financial statements analysis such as profit margin, dividends per share, inventory turnover, and total asset turnover of SMEs.

This paper deals with the minimization of a class of non-differentiable (non-smooth) pseudolinear functions over a closed and convex set subject to linear inequality constraints. The properties of locally Lipschitz pseudolinear functions are used to establish several Lagrange multiplier characterizations of the solution set of the minimization problem. We derive certain conditions, under which an efficient solution becomes a properly efficient solution of a constrained non-differentiable minimization problem.

Mobile banking has become the buzz word in the banking industry. The study has been conducted the customers Opinion towards Mobile banking.   A self-administrated questionnaire had been developed and distributed among the respondents. Out of the 350 questionnaires, only 267 useable questionnaires were returned. The collected data have tested with SPSS. Demographic profiles and awareness about mobile banking, time taken, Trust, Convenience, ease to use, security and Advantage. Have been analyzed through percentage analysis and chi-square tests. Also examines customer’s awareness, mobile banking products and services, and also perception about mobile banking.

^{The scientific article reveals the essence of monopoly, its types, the behavior of the company in the conditions of monopoly. The role of the state in regulating the activities of monopolies is considered. A set of measures on antimonopoly policy is proposed.}

This article considers social capital as the basis for intersectoral social partnership based on the interpretation of the essence of social capital, indentifyning its main features: non-monetary nature, trust, ability to self-growth with increasing frequency of use, allowing successful solving of social problems. Particular attention is paid to trust as the foundation of the organization of social interaction and an indicator of the size of social capital. As a result of comparing the concepts of social capital and intersectoral social partnership, the author identifies a key feature characterizing social capital and intersectoral social partnership – interaction with the goal of development, which in turn allows us to consider social capital and intersectoral social partnership as intercomplementary processes. Based on the consideration of the main features of social capital, its structure and essence as a process, the author concludes that social capital is the basis of intersectoral social partnership, its integral part and necessary basis for the development of civil society and the formation of a social state.

Stock exchange indices are often considered as a reflector of nation’s economic wellbeing, but the point is that how closely are the two associated to one and another and does growing Sensex actually guarantees rapid growth of economy, is something needs to be analyzed. The present paper is aimed to find if any relationship exists amid economic growth and Sensex and also to see whether Sensex is reflective of national growth or other factors are more instrumental to set the direction of Sensex even though the economy is not performing as per the expectations. For this purpose, a retrospective study was carried out. BSE Sensex growth rates for the last 10 years have been taken into consideration and corelated with Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Statistically there was no significant correlation established between Sensex and Economic Growth. Most of the times it has been found that even though the Sensex is zooming still the economic growth is lagging the reason been that Sensex is guided more by the performance of select companies which form the Sensex basket while the performance of economy is a result of many more factors which gives direction to economy rather than the Sensex alone. The paper tries to highlight the various factors which gives direction to economic growth than the Sensex itself alone. The paper is based on secondary source of information derived from reliable websites, research papers, government sites etc.

With the expanding internet reachability and improved broadband connectivity options, the online business has also grown tremendously. The modern generation is more computer savvy and have got more choices than ever before. On the flip side, the online business platforms are also struggling to offer more attractive and innovative marketing ideas. In consideration to the current environmental challenges, it cannot be overlooked as how significant the aspect of sustainability is crucial at both e-tailer and the online consumer’s front. Today’s customers are socially aware, and they are also cautious about the companies operating procedures to which consumer purchases the things, as company should also follow ethical practices. Safeguarding environment is a major concern for the current generation customers. A study conducted by IBM and National Retail federation, it was found that almost 80% of customers across the globe reported that environmental sustainability was important factor for them, and they now prefer more to buy green products. Today’s e-commerce platforms are highly competitive in nature and companies are very keen to create a differentiating factor to stand out in the cut-throat competition of websites. One such marketing strategy which is largely adopted by the online retailers is to present themselves as environment-friendly website, where emphasizing the sustainability aspect and promoting this phenomenon of green e-commerce is a part of their pledge and commitment. This pledge acts as a new hit point in attracting more customers. The paper attempt to analyse the impact of green marketing in online customers and tries to explore factors which they consider in buying products from such websites.

Hilary Mantel, a well-established British novelist, needs no introduction as her fame rests not only on the basis of the volumes of works she has published but also on the basis of awards and honours she has received due to her prominent works. The present research paper seeks to explore some hidden aspects of the British society and the hollowness of the relationships. She has taken the themes how even the family members do not show the ultimate devotion, keenness and loyalty to one another. There is no comfort even in the royal court. She has depicted the Tudor dynasty in her novel Wolf Hall. This novel has won the Booker Prize in 2009 and after that its sequel Bring up the Bodies has also won the same prize in 2012. Mantel is known as a historical novelist and present paper encompasses such recurring themes and motifs in her select novels. In this paper two novels Every Day is Mother’s Day and Wolf Hall have been taken for analysis from the critical camera. The theories ‘Simulacra’ and ‘Hyperreality’ coined by Jean Baudrillard also have been applied on Hilary Mantel’snovels.

Purpose: Inventory turnover or efficiency an essential element in the automobile industry. This study aimed to identify paths and model fit for cash profitability and enterprise value due to the inventory turnover ratio using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Methods: sample includes 8 active Indian automobile companies (2-3 Wheeler) listed and traded on BSE (Bombay stock exchange). The present study covers consolidation financial statements for a period of 10 years (2010-20120). A conceptual structural model was developed for testing six hypotheses. H1: What was the effect of the inventory turnover ratio on operating profit per share?; H2: What was the effect of inventory turnover ratio on return on assets ?; H3: What was the effect of return on assets on cash earnings per share ?; H4: What was the effect of operating profit margin per share on cash earnings per share?; H5: What was the effect of inventory turnover ratio on enterprise value ?; H6: What was the effect of operating profit per share on enterprise value ?.
Results: 75 samples in the study, using structural equation modeling all effect size, collinearity (inner) issues, predictive accuracy was confirmed. All path coefficients were positive and statistically significant(H1:ß = 0.854, P < 0.001; H2: ß = 0.703, P < 0.001; H3:ß = 0.161, P < 0.001; H4 :ß = 0.856, P < 0.001: H5 :ß = 0.428, P < 0.001: H6 : ß = 0.502, P < 0.001).The in-sample predictive power was substantial for cash earnings per share (R²=0.939), earnings before interest tax per share (R²=0.729), enterprise value (R²=0.803), and moderate for return on assets(R²=0.494). Overall model fit is established (SRMR<0.021 at 95% & 99%).
Originality: This article provides how operating efficiency influences enterprise value and cash profitability for the investors of 2-3 wheeler automobile firms. This result supports management performance towards operating efficiency that creates both profit and enterprise value.

The present study considers an integrated production inventory system of a supplier and a retailer. The proposed model explores the vendor managed strategy with the dual stage trade credit also known as progressive payment scheme, lead time and shortages. A nonlinear problem is formulated for the purpose of total profit maximization and solved using conventional global optimization method for nonlinear problem. This article can provide the managerial outline for schematizing the production strategy according to the received orders in a joint business enterprise.

The abstract in the article examines human dignity as the initial principle of the general legal principle of humanism. The author pays attention to human dignity - the basis of the rights and freedoms of the individual, the right to the dignity of the individual as a subjective right of a citizen, the forms and mechanisms of protecting the dignity of the individual in the branches of law, compensation for moral harm in protecting the dignity of the individual: moral and legal problems. Studied the dignity of the person in the conditions of the formation of civil society in Uzbekistan during the pandemic: legal aspects.

The article deals with organizational and regulatory aspects of the functioning of the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the author defines the main stages of development of the higher education system of Uzbekistan and new target settings. The article analyzes the system of higher education in Uzbekistan: issues of quality and efficiency, as well as the main directions of improving the system of higher education at the present stage. The ongoing reforms and prerequisites for improving the higher education system are studied.

The assessment of Pakistan’s Anti-Corruption Agency, National Accountability Bureau (NAB), is a continuation of the collaborative effort initially taken by Bhutan and currently in place in other Asia Pacific countries. This report presents an analysis of Pakistan’s policy and corruption context as well as a thorough research employing the desk review of NAB’s reports, website and other relevant resources. Besides, it also presents the qualitative analysis of the interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders. The research resulted in the assessment of NAB against the set series of indicators.  The assessment is followed by a series of recommendations to NAB and other relevant stakeholders including the government officials. The assessment of NAB tested 50 indictors, drafted to assess its performance, effectiveness and competence as well as to identify its weaknesses and areas for opportunity. NAB scored high in 49 per cent of the indicators assessed, moderate in 33 per cent of the indicators assessed, and low in 18 per cent of the indicators assessed. The findings indicate that two dimensions emerge out to be strong in NAB’s assessment: its Cooperation with other Organizations and its Oversight and Accountability.  NAB’s Perception of Effectiveness is its weakest dimension scoring the lowest ranking. Two sets of recommendations were formulated to improve NAB’s performance. One set of recommendations were for the Government and the other set is for NAB itself.

Background: In today’s scenario every individual is multi-faceted, the number of dimensions has increased comparatively. But they are not different in each dimension, they are the same. This conflict and contradiction in role playing have made them though, and the requirement of perfectionism in every role has imposing lot of pressure on them, which pave ways to Occupational Stress. Every face of an individual demands a unique set of knowledge to perform the task and being good in doing that. This paper is an attempt whether acquisition and management of knowledge has any relationship with the stress caused by work and either the Occupational Stress has influenced by the Knowledge Management or not.
Methodology: The population of the study includes the total selected faculty members of state university (N=412) out of them 180 were selected as samples using random sampling technique. Knowledge Management Survey and Occupational Stress Questionnaire developed by England Institute of Health and Safety were used to collect the primary data.
Findings: The results of correlation and regression analysis explain a positive relationship and significant influence of Knowledge Management on Occupational Stress.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that faculties’ apprehension of enhancement of Knowledge Management increases their level of Occupational Stress.

Case Description: The primary subject matter of this case was to analyze the impact of novel Corona Virus (COVID’19), the worldwide pandemic on Indian investors with analyzing gains and losses (if any). The case also highlighted its impact on the Indian Stock Market's various sectors and industries for two months (January 23, 2020 to March 23, 2020) and predictive industrial analysis. The discussion included an analysis of NSE and BSE's indices focusing four sectors during lockdown in India, and the Indian government's action during this pandemic situation. The market had been faced a downturn in between these two months; transportations and logistics industries had also been reported as a major decline. Furthermore, the case also included an examination of problems that arise in the Indian stock market like Indian investors' gain or loss, financial strategies for corrective action and opportunities and challenges available for listed companies. The list of assigned questions and suggested solutions will lead students through this pandemic impact on the Indian financial market and will prepare them to make strategic recommendations. This case can be discussed in 90 minutes session and give insight into the stock market movements and industrial changes due to COVID’19.
Case Synopsis: The novel Corona Virus (COVID'19) was a worldwide pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). This was detected by China in its Wuhan city in December 2019. This pandemic has been impacted the whole world very rapidly majorly in China, Italy, USA, Spain, France, Germany and India. As per the collected data, more than 1,929,633 people affected worldwide and 10,981 cases reported in India. The government of India announced curfew and lockdown time to time for the country’s prevention. In between these two months, India has faced many intense challenges in different ways such as downfall in the Indian financial market, nationwide lockdown, industrial changes, consumption rate, deaths etc. due to the pandemic. India also faced financial and economical issues due to this investors' investing patterns affected by COVID' 19.

The primary goal of this study is to identify four main determinants affecting buying intentions for organically grown foods based on existing studies, with the goal of better understanding the relationship between these key determinants and buyers in the selected cities of Thanjavur. With a final survey of 60 respondents, four hypotheses were formed and evaluated. Market buying intentions were significantly influenced by the determinants of food quality, convenience, and price, as well as purchase behaviour, according to multiple regression study. Supporting small producers, on the other hand, had a detrimental effect. Furthermore, there was no connection between attitude and purchasing purpose. In order to quickly expand this critical segment, the Indian government, strategists, producers, and marketing experts must concentrate more emphasis on the benefits of organically grown foods, according to the findings.

Literature circling around empowerment of women has been extensively studied to craft some significant methodological stand about the measurement of empowerment (Kabeer 2002).There is increasing acknowledgement that economically empowering women is vital both to gain women’s rights and to achieve wider development goals such as economic growth, education, poverty reduction, health, and welfare. This study therefore focuses on understanding the evolution of concept on women empowerment over the years and its importance. Alongside the changed definition of women empowerment, it extensively studies the various frameworks extended for measuring women’s economic empowerment. Finally, it concludes by deducing the major constructs or indictors that pay a pivotal role in measuring economic empowerment of women. It is through measurement of these constructs that effective policy can be formulated for effectively empowering women globally.

Family businesses are a valuable and well-known corporate name all over the world. However, controlling families have a clear incentive to obtain private benefits via asset expropriation from minority owners and to take activities that diminish the firms' value especially in emerging economies. A strong governance structure protects against these practices and affects long-term success by lowering them. This study adds to this scope by examining the effect of board independence, board size, leverage, dividend distribution, and company size on cash holding in the case of Pakistani listed family firms. Secondary data of sample of 212 family listed firm for the period of 2010-2017 from published annual reports and corporate governance reports are used. The static and dynamic models: fixed effect (F.E.), random effect (RE), and generalized method of moment (GMM) are the critical tools of evaluation in this study. Results show that board independence negatively affects cash holding, indicating that governance plays an active part in family businesses, whereas board size positively impacts cash holding, and demonstrating inefficient governance. Finally, study has policy guidelines for shareholders, and all other stakeholders.

India has been a hub of many well-known political thinkers who have contributed immensely to different realms of Social Sciences. India has had a diverse array of thinkers, from Swami Vivekananda to Mahatma Gandhi, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay and many more, who have not only presented their views on several political-social-economic problems and situations, but also tried to present effective solutions for the same through their respective ideologies. The ideas and views of these personalities still serve as a guide and help in devising roadmaps to the future not only for India but for the entire international community. The ideologies of these great men have not only been useful and relevant in their time period, but they are thinkers still seem to be relevant in the modern era as they were during that period. The philosophy of these personalities have provided solutions to many problems and issues of the society, also gave rise to many significant changes in the social, political, and cultural areas that the world has witnessed. Thinkers and social reformers like Jyotiba Phule, Periyar, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Mahatma Gandhi and Madhav Sadashivrao Golwalkar have indeed left an indelible mark on the Indian people and social structure.

With the shocking arrival of Covid, work from Home or Telework has become a buzzword now. The Global COVID-19 Pandemic has changed the world radically. The ridiculous appearance of the pandemic has brought about a spontaneous change in varying social statuses. New Complexities has been authored which were not there in the past, and therefore, business units are compelled to change the working styles. In the period of social separating and distant working, things have been changed a great deal. The business world in a state of uncertainty and fear are shifting to work from home, as it is the only way left for them in the quest for survival in the era of pandemic. Everyone is moving to telework, some are doing it in a planned manner with proper planning on the other hand others are doing it, because it seems the only left out in the situation of lockdown and isolation. Both the employers and the employees are trying to find out the optimum way out, but it will be too early to reach conclusion that telework is the optimum solution and it will be successful. Work from Home has its own intricacies. The perception of the employees and the employers may or may not change with time but one question is needed to be asked and that is, Is Work from is Home is better solution? Also, we need to know the perception of employees towards work from Home mode of performing Jobs. This Paper tries and evaluate the perception and point of view how the respondents felt about working from. The researcher also tried to have a clear understanding of supporting factors that have mad work from a more tolerable way of working and what works against working from home. 

The present paper tried to analyse external and internal factors which effecting Iran’s foreign policy. Iran is one of the most important and effective powers of the Middle East due to its geopolitical position, natural resources, power of influence, historical and cultural background, and ideological attitude after the 1979 Revolution. The determination of the mental, psychological, physical environment and conditions in which decision-makers make their foreign policy decisions is considered as one of the important facts in terms of foreign policy analysis. It is known that besides external factors, internal factors are also effective in determining foreign policy decisions. However, realist movements made a basic distinction between domestic and foreign policy and did not address the role of internal factors in influencing foreign policy. The realist movement argues that external factors, as well as internal factors, are also formed within the sovereign boundaries of states, but the main point of separation is that external factors focus on activities outside the sovereign borders of the state. They emphasize that states are accepted as the main actors in the international system and foreign policy is determined by states as a whole

The mining industry plays a crucial role in supporting the economic development of nation, but on the darker side it has some undesirable impacts on environment. Being a heavy pollution causing industry and an energy supply industry, mining industry is the focus of environmental protection work. It is evident that despite the increase in Corporate Environmental Disclosure, there remains a substantial heterogeneity in terms of how corporations hold accountability for their environmental impacts. Therefore, to understand this heterogeneity in a better way, this study examines the perceived Environmental Accountability of the NCL, (a prominent contributor in coalmining industry of India), by evaluating its impact on environment from the perspective of different stakeholders.

Since ancient times, India has had a rich heritage of social and philosophical thinking. Indian political thoughts and thinkers have contributed significantly to the domains of World Politics, Sociology and Political Science. Who can ignore the noteworthy contribution of Kautilya in the realms of Diplomacy and Political Science? From Kautilya to Swami Vivekananda to Mahatma Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo,  Rabindra Nath Tagore, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar, Dr. Ram Mahohar Lohiya and more, the list is quite long. They represent a culture of diverse political thoughts existing in India at the same time. However, there are few thinkers whose political and social thoughts, despite being relevant, could not get a place in the syllabus of Indian Political Thought as a subject, perhaps due to political reasons. The name of Madhav Sadashivrao Golwalkar is one among such names. The second Sarsanghchalak of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh is known for focusing on Swadeshi and linking the same to the economy of the country. He also promoted an economic system based on Swadeshi instead of capitalism and communism. In the light of present times, when the entire world is looking for a way out of the brunt caused by Covid-19, the political and economic thoughts of Golwalkar show a sustainable way to boost economies. This article focuses on the political and economic thoughts of Golwalkar.

The objective of this research was to establish the perception of the population about the excessive use of plastic bags in the city of Juliaca, in addition to determining the relationship between the socioeconomic level and the level of perception about the excessive use of plastic bags and determine if environmental education within the city of Juliaca will contribute to reducing the use of plastic bags. A non-experimental, quantitative methodology was applied with a multinomial Logit model, where the primary data were collected from questionnaires that were carried out on a sample of 380 consumers and were processed in the SPSS statistic. The model has shown that 67.37% of the population of Juliaca shows concern and is aware of the problem caused by the excessive use of plastic bags and 80.26% are informed about the negative effect it causes on the environment, but they have no knowledge about which one, it is the friendliest packaging. Finally, the environmental education of the residents contributes to the reduction of plastic bags, since the relationship between the reduction in the use of plastics, with the knowledge about the existence of ecological bags, reuse of plastic bags and environmental awareness is direct; while replacing plastic with another material inversely affects the low reduction in the use of plastic bags.

We know that in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the Tsarist government pursued military action against the Bukhara Emirate not only for political, military and strategic reasons, but also for economic interests.
The establishment of the political agency of the Russian Empire in Bukhara on the basis of the order of the Russian tsar in January 1886 subjected him to interference in the internal affairs of Bukhara due to his control over the emirs and ministers of Bukhara even passed into his hands the appointment of officers and officials of the Bukhara state. This shows that the Government of Tsarist Russia and its administrators in the Turkic country gradually entered the economy of the emirate of Bukhara and gained full control over it. In the research work, these same processes are analyzed on the basis of Russian State Archive of Military History sources and literature. 

Transfer of training is becoming more conspicuous and very vital from the organisation point of view there is mounting requirement to ascertain the methods to validate its accomplishment. Employee’s performance is an essential dimension from organisational and industry perspective. The ways and means by which the transfer of training affects job satisfaction and organisation commitment across manufacturing and service sectors are envisaged here.  In this research Learning transfer system inventory ( LTSI ) , Person Organisational fit , person Ability fit , Organisational commitment and job satisfaction  practiced in manufacturing and service industries are analysed. As a positive transfer of training leads to the growth and development of the organisation and its workforce the tangible outcomes related to transfer of training are analysed in manufacturing and service industries. 

This article discusses the traditional lifestyle of the Tajiks of the Jizzakh oasis, and their customs and traditions and rituals. The article also provides examples of customs and traditions and rituals of the Tajiks in the Jizzakh oasis, as well as brief information about their lifestyle and rituals. It is no coincidence that the first president of the Republic of Uzbekistan said, “Uzbeks and Tajiks are the only bilingual people,” because the customs of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples have always been similar to each other, whether it is wedding ceremonies or the culture of dress.

This article gives information about the origin of the genre of ode, the history of Turkish ode, the creators of ode.  It also provides theoretical information on the specifics of the ode genre, the content of the theme, the weight and the system of rhyme. Although ode is an ancient genre, it is still used in the works of our Devonian poets. In the offices of Erkin Vahidov we also find wonderful examples of this genre. This article discusses the ideological features of the poet's poems “O’zbegim” (My Uzbek), “Inson” (Man), “Qo’llar” (Hands), the arts used in them, the system of rhyme and weight.

The article discusses political repression in Uzbekistan and peculiarities of the work of law enforcement agencies (1936-1938). The analysis of historical processes shows that certain methods and tools lie in the genesis of the formation of any statehood and the strengthening of the management system. This article analyzes the results of the latest research and reveals the history of that period in a transparent way.

The concept of work life balance (WLB) has considered as a very important phenomena in recent years. Health organizations provide flexible working time (FWT) for nursing officers to enhance their work and family life balance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of flexible working time on work life balance. The populationconsists the type “A” base hospitals’ nursing officers in Ampara district, Sri Lanka. Self-rating questionnaire was distributed to 142 nursing offices to gathered data. Among these 128 respondents were returned with duly completed manner.
The questionnaire has satisfactory level of validity and reliability. The results showed that strong positive correlation (r = 0.713) exist between the flexible working time and work life balance. Results of simple regression analysis indicated that R square value was 0.508 and adjusted R value was 0.501, these values revealed that around 50% of total variations on work life balance of nursing officers explain by flexible working time. In addition, unstandardized beta value of FWT (b = 0.677) described that, single unit change in FWT leads to 0.677 units change in WLB.
The future researcher scan be reproducing this study with large sample size including the related staff in health sector from both public and private hospitals and other effective data gathering techniques like direct interviews and 360 degrees rater measurement scale. According to the importance of FWT on WLB of nursing officers, administrations can consider the recommendations and suggestions given by researcher to enhance the affectivity of existing FWT.

This study aims to comprehensively identify a framework of factors influencing the business performance of Muslim women entrepreneurs.The literature suggests thatthe factorscan be viewed from numerous theories related to the psychological, organisational context and environmental contextand contextualise them to analyse the association between the factors such as psychological characteristics, human capital, social capital, industrial factor andcultural factorwithin the boundary of Islamic traditions and values. Since the paper is conceptual in nature, a quantitative analysis incorporating the factors associated with business performance from the lens of different stakeholders such registered, unregistered Muslim women business owners, as well as managers will further reinforce its value.The comprehensive theoretical framework identified would provide significant insights to policy makers, trade associations and even Muslim women entrepreneurs themselves on what it takesto enhance their business performance.The comprehensive review is perhaps amongst the first to be carried out with theoretical, research and practical implications delineated for researchers and practitioners.

The bleeding edge world where everyone is existing is administered through the thought called "Digitalization". The organization of India starting late declared Digital India Programmed through a fantasy to change India into a deliberately authorized culture and data reduced. In all divisions of the economy and banking sector the prospect of digitization has acknowledged huge jobs, which are no exclusion. For Indian banking, digitalization has become unequivocal, which expect critical occupation in helping budgetary consolidation and which is transcendently stressed over outfitting better organizations to customers close by an opportunity to procure in not all that inaccessible future. Indian monetary fragment is achieving colossal advancement starting late, consoling higher proportion of capital plan, which is an immediate consequence of digitalization of banking. No matter how Indian money is digitalized, numerous problems and challenges, in particular in natural banking, are to be tackled. This research paper is intended to examine and widen the perspective of the challenges and problems in the field of rural banking digitalization.

This article discusses the prevention of corruption in the banking sector in credit extension that occurs in Indonesia. In the discussion of this article, it is known that although almost every bank has implemented the principle of prudence and trust in providing credit, if it is not followed by building Good Corporate governance, the deviation will continue and that this principle does not guarantee that there are no irregularities in the implementation of credit distribution because of the large number of factors, and the dominant factor is the problem of the welfare of the bank officials and employees. Moreover, almost all banks use the services of outsourcing workers, and in the case of the criminal act of corruption in resolving bad/problematic credit at state-owned banks, it is appropriate to see the reasons for the bad credit.

At wild level, Behavioral economics superimpose numerous sectors counting Mindset and Finances. Behavior finances by all methods develop the informative intensity of Finances as it furnishes it with a secure and increasingly levelheaded mental premise. Throughout the past 24 years, numerous examinations have investigated various areas of Social] finances leading presentation of the particular rules that relate to human behavior. This paper means to give a prologue to behavior financial aspects in its authentic setting. It likewise researches the holes that lie in the wide range of Behavioral economics.

Aggregate planning is an analytical tool offering a strategy to meet demand based on capacity constraints. Production and supply of building materials plays an important role in delivering constructed facilities, particularly for concrete and asphalt batch plants. The supply chain of construction materials (e.g., concrete) presents unique challenges, but is a key factor in the successful delivery of facilities. This paper addresses the production and implementation of an integrated planning approach focused on simulation that enables the modeling and organization of the supply chain of a batch factory. The tool is applied to a true case of asphalt production operations, where fluctuating demand affects the production plant's level of service and makes production planning and inventory processes a challenging task. The model quantifies the impact of the asphalt processing plant's different parameters on its level of operation and tries to determine the right solutions for the processing, procurement and delivery processes of the factory.

Nowadays, when "industrial society" has risen as an "information society" by encountering change with the impact of a rebellion like Business 4.0, the developments of numeral standards in the novel budget show a significant part. Digital communication systems, bitcoin and blockchain that change communications methods among manufacturers and customers will undoubtedly influence the change of the travel industries as in different businesses. The formation of the components of economic growth and the effects of digitalization makes research into the ties between business and innovation in the travel industry as important as in many other sectors. In this unique situation, a works study remained completed on the use of block chain innovations in the travel industry businesses so as to exhibit the financial approaches that can be created toward change in the travel industry, the place and their use in financial affairs of modern creative currency qualities in the travel industry. In this particular case, a literature review on the monetary approaches to the transition in the travel industry have been carried out., the spot of new industrial financial qualities in the travel industry economy and the use of block chain innovations in the travel industries.

The armed forces of a nation ought to be infallible organizations, scrupulous in action and deeds. They stand testimony to a nation’s strength and solidarity. Non-military organizations strive hard to achieve military like austerity, discipline, work ethos and credos. Today, Indian Armed Forces in general and Indian Army in particular is an organization with troubled culture, much of which is attributable to its resistance to change and strong stereotypes. While the socio-economic and technological changes have swept the world, the Indian Armed Forces have not been to appreciate and accommodate the changes that have impacted the very fabric of the organization. The authors have attempted to study the organization culture at the Indian armed forces through the lens of Warrick’s 2016 framework for high performance and low performance cultures. Adopting the mixed-method approach for data collection, the authors divided the study in two phases. In Phase I an in-depth systematic literature review was conducted and in phase II the authors conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews. The methodology was selected to be able to go into a lot of depth, and allow the participants to bring to fore the topics that the researchers had not even considered and to identify all empirical evidence to answer all the research question that were created using the Warrick’s 2016 framework. Citing replete evidences, the authors propose that the armed forces present a case of stagnating culture. Is all lost or a lot is still recoverable? is the idea with which the authors explored the extant literature and garnered evidence from world class armies across the globe. Drawing from the experiences of world class armies, the authors present a well-researched way forward for the Indian armed forces. The study is original in its intent and execution and presents insightful recommendations for all levels of leaders in the Indian armed forces, policy makers, bureaucrats and diplomats.

^{India has the second largest education system in the world. The Indian education system has gone through many phases. Great effort has been put to shape up the present scenario of educationsystem.TheannouncementslikeabolishingcompulsoryCBSEboardexamsforclass 10thfromthesession2010-11,introductionofgradingsystem,thepassageofRightofChildren to free and Compulsory Education Bill, reservation policies etc. Are a few among them? Now the question arises as to what extent such efforts in the field of education have succeeded in different states of the country. Haryana is the state with a contribution of 3.7% in the total GDP of India. This present study will throw light on the education system of Haryana, with a comparative eye on its neighbouring states. An analysis of the educational achievements of thesestatesfromdifferentangleswillhelptheexpertsandtheresearcherstoknowhowfarwe have gone in achieving our targets and what needs to be done. This paper is descriptive in nature, based on the data collected from different websites of ministry as well as reports of planningcommission.}

Women consist of an exceptionally little alternative of the full time educational staff in and are gathered in the lower grades. Based on fact proof focuses to the way that a significant purpose behind this is isolation exists inside the intellectual calling. In any case, there is almost no exact data on the idea of this separation and the institutional measures that serve to look after it. The examination discovered here tries to distinguish and light up these procedures through the encounters and impression of women scholastics themselves. A sum of women were met finally utilizing a semi‐structured talk with plan, investigating issues, for example, enrollment and choice, experimentation, profession improvement, examination, places of passion and the jobs of ladies scholastics. It is recommended, right now, we can start to see a segment of the elements which limit women entrance to and completion inside the calling by analyzing the proof of women who have made due inside the framework. At present, enrollment and determination is finished by men, for the most part in their own picture. Changes should be made to this course of action to give ladies a reasonable possibility. Right now the absence of formal methods and absence of preparing permit preference what's more, separation to remain. Inside the calling, women experience the ill effects of an absence of good examples and casual help frameworks, which assume a significant job in improving notorieties and status, and accepting scholastics into the honor framework.

Financial Inclusion is a process of providing the financial services and products to all, especially to weaker sections of the society in a cost-effective manner. Financial inclusion aims at ensuring a bank account for everyone and facilities such as payment, deposit, credits, transfer of funds, insurance, etc. Financial inclusion is considered to be crucial element for development of society. Mudra Yojna is a step by Indian government to attain financial inclusion. The paper attempts to analyse the usage of mudra Yojna by people in Haryana. No. of people who availed the facility of mudra Yojna in respect of Shishu loans, Kishore and Tarun loans during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 along with amount sanctioned and disbursed were studied using secondary data. It has been found that the usage has increased in the year 2017-18 which indicates that people are not only aware of the scheme availability but are using it to meet the needs of their business whether start up or expansion

To handle information Myriad frameworks have been created. Nevertheless, the field was slow in formulating a widely accepted, systematic knowledge management system. This paper reviews the existing framework for knowledge management and gives suggestions as to what a general framework should include. The distinctive characteristic of this work is that it emphasizes putting information management in a broader sense of system thought in order to better identify and appreciate the driving influences on its success or failure.Managing knowledge is a young discipline for unestablished, commonly known, codified structure. Despite this, knowledge management approaches have implemented in a wide range of organizations. on the other hand, such methods do not sufficiently meet the needs of organizational Knowledge Management. This written product will have more lasting strength as a discipline if theories and concepts unifying across the discipline are aligned with the information management methods, methodologies, tools and techniques. Knowledge management is an evolving field that command concentration and hold up from the engineering community. A lot of companies are now engaging in knowledge technology to leverage resources to its stakeholders and clients both within and outside their companies. Managing understanding involves an organization's meaning creation of the intangible assets.

Information system is an integrated range of data collection, storage and treatment components, as well as for the provision of information, cards and digital products. Business organizations, for the execution and control of their activities, employ computer technology to communicate with clients and vendors and operate on the market depend on information systems. The exponential proliferation of emerging technology has created a global village for companies, thus creating a volatile world requiring companies to be agile, responsive and resilient to survival. The growing rate of technological progress, combined with a tumultuous socio-political global climate, has created opportunities and challenges for companies especially in the manufacturing sector in terms of productivity and sustainability. Manufacturers in the developed world are trying to build knowledge-based and hands-on information management systems that will allow them to compete competitively on the global market. This article discusses the application of strategic positioning corporate information systems, using a case analysis from a manufacturing business based in sub-Saharan Africa. Their results indicate the need for an integrated management information system that integrates science, knowledge management, and organizational performance and ability-based management activities.

A Web Content Managing System (WCMS) is the web application that will encourages a gathering of clients, as the rule from various dividing in an endeavor, to cooperatively keep up & sort out the all content present in the site in a compelling way. In the course of recent years, web content Managing frameworks have developed in significance as an ever-increasing number of associations convey and distribute their data through the web. Like other electronic applications, WCMS's applications are presented to a similar arrangement of normal security dangers found in any system and online activity or procedure. In this paper, the author will plot the basic security worries of WCMS, and give a number preparatory thought. The volume of computerized content accessible on the internet has expanded significantly in the course of recent years. Some kind of web content Managing (WCM) framework are getting fundamental for the associations with critical web nearness as the capacity of content keeps on multiplying. The WCM frameworks having advanced quickly from of the fundamental HTML editors of 6 years prior, to the complex content creation and distributing devices accessible today. In this research showning a WCM progressive system, looks at the basic web content Managing lifecycle and recognizes the key market patterns for WCM frameworks.

Sincere approaches to practical forecasts in organisations have been accomplished through operative research (OR) since its inception. Scientists have affected forecasts in other disciplines. Forecasting has an enormous social, economic and environmental impact and has a very important aspect of every business. Several prediction models have been developed to help people decide correctly against future uncertainties. However, there are distinct advantages and limitations for every prediction model. It is important to succeed in selecting correct forecasting methods from other alternatives. This paper aims to analyse predictive techniques to forecast car sales results, Ford Mustang. Companies depend on precise projected data to make the right decisions and to predict the business results over a long and short time. Predictions are usually based on historical results, industry comparisons and developments in the sector. Different model time series foresees were used in this phase, for example the moving average, exponential smoothing, the Holt double exponential smoothing, winter’s three times exponential smoothing and ARIMA. The predictions were made on the basis of the annual (non-seasonal) data and the cumulative annual data (seasonal) in the ARIMA model. For both the threefold exponential smoothing system of winter and the ARIMA model, Minitab was used to produce forecast. In addition, the best prediction method for this given set of data was found to be the double-exponential smoothing process used by Holt when calculating the mean absolute deviation.

It is evident that exports and imports of India in US dollars have steadily increased in the last 28 years, according to current research. Nevertheless, from year to year, the rate of growth has fluctuated many times negatively. The balance of trade was largely negative. The Research Review discusses the several reasons for the trade movements, the three main reasons why India is compliant with and the trade barriers and globalization;Rupee depreciation against the US dollar, inflammation import bills as well as rising exports. The US sub-prime debt crisis, Europe's debt crisis, is global. For many years, Japan has been in the liquidity trap and a persistent contraction during the UAE and our trading partners. While the miracle countries of Southeast Asia have achieved their objectives by adopting the external orientation model, several countries, especially in India, will have to decide between the "internal" approach to economic development and "outward orientation."

The study of Metallic ratios has profound impact and applications not just in mathematics but also in various other branches of Science and Technology. In this paper, I will introduce the Metallic Ratios formally and prove three interesting and new properties related to them. These results will add more value to already known results on Metallic Ratios.

The intention of this paper is to ascertain the preferences of Indian consumers towardsproduct and services originated from China specifically aftermath ofGalwan valley border clash between Indian and Chinese soldiers in Ladakh region where 20 Indian soldiers martyred in June, 2020. This incident escalated the tension in India as a sentiment among patriotic Indian consumer group who called for boycotting Chinese products and service. The episode of anti- Chinese consumption demonstrated by some political outfits in India by burning and breaking Chinese products in the streets to catch the attentions of international media and pertinent business groups.The Chinese products and services are preferred by the wide range of Indian consumer segments since they perceive decent value for their money. This paper attemptedto discoverthe effect of Galwan tussle and subsequent political developments between two nations on significant impact in the perceptions and preferences of Indian consumers over Chinese products and services. The current user status fortenhighly demandedChinese products and services categories were identified and enquiredwhether the consumers have intention to maintain their status-quo in preferring product and services originated from China in the future as well. This research also surveyed about reason for changing preference of products and services from China.

After demonetization initiatives, most of the people in India started electronic payments for their transactions. Everyone from the small merchant to the neighboring vegetable vendor is embracing digital payment solutions. Slowly India is moving from cash to cashless economy. A cashless economy is one in which all the transactions are done using cards or digital means (using smartphones). The circulation of physical currency is minimal in the cashless economy this reduces the usage of paper which decreases the cutting of the paper tree. There are numerous benefits of Cashless transactions. The increased use of credit cards will reduce the amount of cash that people have to carry which reduces the risk of misshaping and the cost associated with that. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the Public perception in India towards cashless transactions and the attempt is also made to identify the challenges faced by them during their transactions.

The maqasid-cum-masalih theory has been developed to facilitate the Shari‘ah scholars in deducing more appropriate Islamic legal opinion(ijtihad) in Islamic banking and finance matters in light of the objectives of Shari‘ah (maqasid al-Shari‘ah). The purpose of this paper is to study the macro maqasid based on the maqasid-cum-masalih theory that are used in the development of Islamic financial products as well as social financing products. Research methodology is a fundamental part of any research work and is vital for the success of research. The research design to be utilized the quantitative method by using questionnaire method. This method has been used to obtain perceptions of the Shari’ah advisory and supervisory boards’ members on viability and applicability of macro maqasid perspective based on the maqasid-cum-masalih theory. The macro maqasid (Islamic economics objectives) should be in conformity with the maqasid-cum-masalih theory as well as the objectives of Shari‘ah (maqasid al-Shari‘ah) in developing more social financing products in Islamic banking and financial institutions. The paper shows that the using of macro maqasid based on the maqasid-cum-masalih theory can be used by the Shari’ah advisory and supervisory boards’ members to developing more social financing products in Islamic banking and financial institutions.

Online learning is becoming increasingly popular in today's world. This can be clearly seen through the number of training courses and various training activities that are being developed and offered. At the present time, ‘distance learning’ and ‘online learning’ are often used as interchangeable terms. However, distance learning is considered to be a broader concept, it is the remote learning which is not necessarily real time learning, and online learning is learning via the Internet connection “here and now” and is considered only as one of the forms of distance learning. So, one can also note that there is an ambivalent opinion regarding distance learning: some people recognize and trust this form of learning while the others have a negative attitude towards receiving education in this way.
The article shows the results of surveys conducted in different years in order to find out people's opinions on the possibility of getting proper education through distance learning.

Paper provides an analysis of public debt problem in the Caucasusian countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia and Turkey during the economic crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discussed some closely related issues, sauch as inflation, economic growth, employment, international rankings and etc. The paper analysis the different realities and perspectives of current and future developments of COVID-19 pandemic on selected countries economy. While recognizing that public debt increase was unavoidable during the global pandemic challenge, paper concludes that its effectiveness is hugely depended on when global economy can finally overcome the fact of being a hostage of COVID-19.

Waqf is an important instrument in a country’s economic system as it ensures that the socio-economic development can be achieved more effectively. However, there are several issues that hinder the management and development process of waqf land for the purpose of socio-economic development of ummah. These happened because of the existence of several conditions set by the donor (waqif) of waqf properties. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the views of Shariah scnorholars from the aspect of changing the conditions of waqf made by the donor (waqif) through the approach of Maqasid Shariah namely “Tasarruful Imami ‘Ala al-Ra'iyyati Manuthun bi al-Maṣlaḥah”. In Malaysia, State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) is responsible in managing and administering the development of waqf properties in each state. In order to achieve a holistic devolopment, it is vital to look at the broader maslahah (benefits) and needs involved in waqf properties. This study applies qualitative method and the data collection involves library research approach using references from Islamic jurisprudence classical books. The data is analysed using content analysis method. The results of the study found that method of changing the use of waqf property towards a more beneficial purpose is more accurate with the definition and principle of maqasid al-Shariah in obtaining the benefit and avoiding the harm (jalb al-Manfa‘ah wa daf‘ al-Madarrah). The findings are beneficial in helping the management and development of waqf properties and the socio-economic of society in Malaysia as a whole.

Over the years, leaders affect followers' success and inspiration. Up to this point, research has concentrated on leader characteristics, attitudes, or followers' self-concepts and the related consequences. Dynamic leadership attracts attention because it leads to promoting future business leadership. This study aims to analyze the influencing factors of business leadership. This study proposes the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Method (FAHP) to achieve a systematic weighting of critical factors affecting business leadership to overcome human expectations' vagueness. Group of critical criteria basing on experts' opinions are identified: Creative Thinking (A), Cause-Effect Analysis (B), Forecasting (C), Planning (D), Visioning (E), Problem Defining (F), Idea Evaluation (G), Wisdom (H), and Constraint Analysis (I). The results revealed that Visioning (E) is the most critical skill at a weight of 0.138, Forecasting (C) is the second position and Creative Thinking (A) is placed third with the weight of 0.126. The remaining skills’ rankings are Cause-Effect Analysis (B) > Planning (D)> Idea Evaluation (G) >Wisdom (H) Constraint Analysis (I)> Problem Defining(F), respectively. The implications of findings bearing on leader thinking skills for leader assessment and leader development are considered. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify the robustness of the results.

Over the past two decades, the issue of sustainability has received mixed opinions from people, especially in business world. The concept of Sustainable Development has slowly changing the view of modernisation and growth for worldwide development activities. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) tend to be opposed to the idea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of Environmental Management Practices (EMP) among SMEs in Malaysia. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, this study employed barriers and motivations as an input, while sustainable development elements are taken as an output. Findings show that the implementation level of EMP varied among companies, which consequently influences their level of sustainable development. The implications of the finding are discussed based on the concept of Goal-Setting Theory to explain the nexus between the company’s ability to set the right environmental goals and employees’ understanding of the signals sent to support the company’s sustainable development.

^{Pakistan is a developing country, where employee retention is a fast-growing subject and it is considered a unique form of an idea. The unusual economic changes of today’s era are directly connected with the employees’ progress and growth in an organization, it is analyzed that the retention of employees’ is connected with his growth and promotions. If the employee is provided with timely and due promotions then these are retained otherwise they seek options to turnover. The study examined the impact of motivation and compensation on employee retention in Sui southern gas company Dadu. The data was collected from the very professional public sector Sui Southern Gas Company Limited Dadu in the form of 80 questionnaires from different employees of various SSGCL sections. The data are analyzed through statistical tests and multiple techniques. The results show that constant improvement in motivation level and practical exercise of compensation might bring improvement in employee‟ retention. Motivation and compensation are directly associated with employee retention. The recommendations of this study are very useful for the company’s (SSGCL) management, various strategies and implications are recommended for policymaking.}   

Innovation is a skill that employees must possess in the future. Teachers must also have the expertise to innovate so that the quality of teaching provided reaches the set standards. However, various constraints have to be faced by teachers making it difficult for them to innovate. However, there are a handful of teachers successfully detected to consistently produce innovation. This phenomenon is interesting to explore. This study was conducted to explore the role played by administrators at the school level in stimulating innovative teachers to innovate. This study was conducted in the form of a case study. Data were collected through semi -structured and in -depth interviews. Findings show that administrators in schools take five roles to stimulate the production of innovation among teachers, namely; 1) as a trigger for an innovative work culture, 2) verbal communication, 3) leveraging innovation in school programs, 4) equally innovating, and 5) leveraging existing innovative teacher expertise. The findings of the study provide guidance to administrators to devise steps to successfully create an innovative teaching culture in their schools.

This study documents the impact of Covid-19 on the E-Business in Pakistan.COVID-19 has a significant influence on public health and induces hasty changes in way of life, social distancing and home alienation, with social and economic implications. This indicates the socioeconomic expansion in the country has deteriorated. It's now messed up all sorts of industry on a global scale including the e-commerce sector. Big retailers had their stores turned off temporarily. In addition, due to declining footfalls, medium-sized and small-sized retailers are battling the situation. For fact, online companies are not off the list as well. Pakistan is also heavily impacted by them. Several e-commerce firms depend on China for most of their goods. In China, lockdown restrictions drastically decreased the production of goods, Thus it is expected to have a big impact on the Pakistan online sector, in particular Chinese goods. Primary research through a sample survey analysis is executed to boost outcomes.The result shows that because China is the biggest producer and the largest number of industries are locked. That’s why all the shipping processes which have hampered domestic economic growth are hindered by the influence of corona viruses.

The aim of this study is to review the default risk modelling literature from the
perspective of Pakistan, where an effort has been put to cover the three classes of such models i.e.
Accounting, Structural and Logit based hazard models. As per review it is very clear that the first
two modelling techniques are extensively employed in Pakistan with Z-Score and KMV Merton
model as commonly used estimation technique. Hazard models are the least used due to data issues,
as for majority of delisted firms’ data is not available in data services like Thomson Reuters Eikon
and Bloomberg before 2000 and even local data sources like Pakistan Stock Exchange is not of
much help. Due to the reason Hazard Models are least employed for default risk estimation in
Pakistan along with neural network models being most neglected one with only one paper in 2020.
The review helps in identifying the gaps in this area of study, which include identification of models
for future research and data issues in Pakistan along with equity pricing implications.

The methodology of the Russian language develops at the intersection of many
sciences, and methodologists and teachers need to rely on their achievements. A teacher cannot
but be simultaneously a psychologist, linguist, literary critic, didactic. The different and
multifaceted analysis of the database on the grammar of Russian is analyzed based on the latest
inquiries. The comparative insight on the Russian in higher educational institutions are proposed.

In the contemporary world, advertising is presented to researchers multifaceted
phenomenon. A number of field of sciences are engaged in its study: journalism, sociology,
psychology, economics, Public Relations(PR), etc. The variety of approaches and methods of
studying the phenomenon of advertising proves its versatility and at the same time the complexity
of its study. Advertising as a complex socio-cultural phenomenon affecting all spheres of public
life has recently increasingly found itself in the center of scientific comprehension. The question
of its study is becoming important for a wide range of humanities. The national–cultural and
linguistic research of advertising is acquiring significant significance at the present time. At the
cultural level the modern advertising makes a great deal on the current business affairs.

This paper aims to analyze effect of the financial development level on bilateral trade
flows of China and its trading partners, by the results are escorted with a panel data of 60
countries (china`s trading partners) under the period 2003-2017. The impact of financial
development level on import and export flows of machine electronics, textile and machine
transport products is estimated by employing random effects model, fixed effects model and
Hausman-Taylor estimation methods. The results exhibit that China`s financial development has a
negative effect on import flows, while it has positive and significant impact on exports of China.
Additionally, it was found that financial development level of China`s trading partners is
negatively correlated with textile exports of China. These results reveal that financial development
level correlates differently with import and export flows.

This article discusses on two prominent scholars of sufism, Khoja Ahmad Yasawi, that
is, the “Yassaviya” tariqat and one of its prominent representatives, Suleiman Baqirghani (Hakim
ota), such factors as self-control, strengthening the will, self re-education in tasawwuf iare
considered.

The contemporary trends of Green supply chain management (GSCM) are creating awareness within construction industries rapidly. It is functioning as a catalyst to realize competitive advantage and sustainability, environment consciousness and globalizing. Environmental pollution and global climate change have turned out to be one of the greatest challenges which have constrained governments and businesses alike to assess the environmental impacts of their activities. The green construction sector has therefore turn out to be critically important. Green supply chain management is taken into account as an environmental innovation in construction industry. At present scenario the environmental issues and the concern for sustainability is encouraging more effective usage of energy, water and material currently used, ensure the prevention of any kind of waste, perform environmentally sensible and eco-friendly building design and be environmentally friendly in the process of the construction. Industries are aware of their responsibilities about the environment depending on regulations. This leads to sustainable systems that will continue their processes without giving any harm to the environment. Environmental issues are seen at every step of supply chain that starts from getting the raw material and ends with reuse or recycle or disposal. Sustainability is very important to improve the quality of systems to have a healthy environment with high level of social, economic and environmental conditions to future generations. It identifies linkages between research and practice in the area of reverse supply chain and how it can facilitate the management of waste. The entire stream of research on reverse supply chains is motivated by the observations that by reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling used products/components it is possible to reduce landfill waste. This article is the benchmark of further research to find out the relationship between GSCM practices and construction industry for improving sustainability.

^{This study aims to highlight the most prominent effects of Brexit on the Britain-GCC countries’ relationship, by investigating the developments that occurred in the security and economic aspects after the referendum’s outcome in 2016 and drawing the future of this relationship. In addition, it is important to track the evidence that indicates Britain's return to the region as one of the important alternatives to compensate for its expected losses after Brexit. This study examines that Britain would play an important role in the economy and security of the GCC countries and in return, the GCC countries will help Britain to reduce the expected economic losses following the Brexit by using their sovereign funds to invest in the United Kingdom. It can be inferred that the future relationship between the two parties should be a “win, win” technique by activating their partnership and reducing barriers in order to reach free trade agreements.}

In India, retail investors generally depend on the information that provides neither inflation hedges nor positive absolute returns. Millions of investors have acquired new insights thanks to mutual funds, which have taken investment to their doorstep.  A mutual fund is an investment vehicle that pools money from several different investors and invests it in stocks, shares, short-term money market instruments, other securities or properties, or a combination of these. The primary motivation for investing in mutual funds is to earn a decent return with low risk. As a result, mutual fund success is largely the result of skilled fund managers' combined efforts and diligent investors. It is critical to understand mutual fund investors' needs and their preferences for mutual fund schemes, and their performance assessment in the current environment. This research aims to examine how investors in Tamil Nadu perceive mutual funds as an investment choice. A survey of over a hundred professional Tamilnadu investors is currently underway. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and descriptive statistical methods such as demographic analysis with simple percentages, rotation component matrix, and ANOVA test were used to analyze it. According to the results, age and marital status have no impact on investors' perceptions of mutual funds. Furthermore, factors such as benefits, Convenience, and reputation influence investors' purchasing behaviour. The research would benefit academics, market researchers, institutional investors, traders, distributors, and other potential investors. 

Man is a gregarious animal; in other words man lives in social groupings. Understanding man and society implies appreciating and understanding the very nature of man and the structural organization of human society. This very nature of man not wanting to live in isolation but instead in association with fellow humans necessitated the need for man to create the institutions of the family and marriage, through which every individual in the social group develops an identity and a distinctive origin. Being one of the matriarchal tribes of the world here the woman’s side offers the marriage and the houses bear the name of a woman instead of a man and they consider their descent through the female line. Though they have their age old cultural beliefs and practices for marriage, due to some external factors there seem to be a transition in their marriage system.

Social networks and online communities are increasingly becoming a big player in the field of tourism marketing. Consumer behavior is increasingly more influenced by the information exchanged on these communities. Being a community of individuals linked together based on different criteria such as geographic positioning, centers of interest and needs that may be close or similar, social media users can exchange views, opinions, experiences, their recommendations or their disclaimers. This allows to consider the social networks or online communities as a source of information, procurement and learning
The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of tourists towards using a mobile application which is based on the sharing of feedback and opinions of other fellow travelers. We have used a predesigned questionnaire for conducting the survey. The questionnaire was designed to analyze a user’s behavior towards the use of mobile technology during a trip and the impact of their reviews on others.

Musk Willow is also known as Salix aegyptiaca L. In the Middle East, especially in Iran, S. aegyptiaca extracts and essential oils are important areas in drug production with some pharmacological activities. S. aegyptiaca has long been used in herbal medicine to treat anemia and vertigo, as well as a cardiotonic and a fragrance additive in the preparation of local candies. Recently, it was discovered that S. aegyptiaca has antioxidant, anxiolytic, and hypocholesterolemic properties. The leaves of this plant contain high levels of phenols and flavonoids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, catechin, quercetin, and salicin. The major constituents of the essential oil in leaves of S. aegyptiaca were classified as 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, phenylethyl alcohol, carvone, citronellol, methyleugenol, eugenol, n-tetradecane, and 4-methoxyacetophenone. This plant has become both food and medicine in Iran due to its ease of selection, widespread distribution, and remarkable biological activities. This review provides in-depth analysis of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of Aedes aegyptiaca.

The use of plants as a source of medicine has been a part of life in the world since ancient times. Many modern pharmaceuticals are based on plant-based drugs, and they are used to treat a range of illnesses in today's society. The aim of this research was to identify alternative compounds that could be used in the production of antimicrobial compounds. It is expected that a compound that can be used as a raw material for antimicrobial agents will be discovered. Salix alba has been used as medicine for a long time. We conclude that Salix aegyptiacabark extract can be used as a safe and effective drug for Candidiasis based on the results.

Employee involvement is regarded by many as a modern human resource strategy that helps companies to deal with volatile and turbulent market conditions. However, the research community in the banking industry is still searching for predictors of employee engagement. In Chhattisgarh, the banking sector is regarded as a place to work that respects the needs of each individual employee while also inspiring them to achieve their individual goals. The aim of this study was to highlight the needs of various individuals as well as the organization's expectations. Understanding generation Y (Gen Y) specific characteristics, desires, and aspirations, which are critical in today's context, is emphasised. Understanding how Gen Y workers act and what motivates them, as well as how they vary from Gen X employees, is a major focus. Better results are achieved by banks that are eager to understand their customers' needs and willing to support their employees' growth. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect data from 412 respondents in selected cities of public and private sector banks in Chhattisgarh. In addition, the element "work satisfaction" is used to examine individual personal differences in the organization's success.

Covid-19 widely known as (Corona Virus) had its fair share in disrupting the overall economic activities across the globe and so is in India. Banking and insurance sector largely regulate economic activities. In India, most of the economic activities are backed by the diversified small, medium, and big monetary institutions. As the economic witnessed standstill during lockdown, corporate and retail clients had posed credit risk for banks. Information technology and digitalized payment options supported in smooth transition and aided business continuity. Insurance as a commodity has gained prominence during and aftermath of the pandemic. Prior to the healthcare crisis, only 10 percent of people in India bought health insurance, now 71 percent and above people consider health insurance is necessary weapon to fight against the unforeseen pandemics like Covid-19. At this stage, it is important to understand the impact of such emergencies on banking and insurance sector to enable appropriate revival strategies to assure required economic support for business and country at large. This conceptual paper attempts to review and analyze the need for and revival strategies adopted in the banking and insurance sector. Framework for the study is built based on online and off-line literature review and the corporate white papers published. Further this study proposes strategies to fill the gap between economic need and operational functioning of the sectors. The scope of this paper would be to throw some light on the challenges faced by banking in the form of credit risk, NPA’s and Insurance sector in India and the measures for sustainable future.

The Ownership structure of Banks play an important role in determining the profitability and performance of the banks. The Banks performance acts as a major issue for the policy decision makers since it is the substratum for the stability and smooth functioning of the banking system. Thus, we tend to we focus on bank ownership defined as the amount of direct equity held by a majority shareholder in the banks who are categorized into concentrated ownership, moderate ownership, & Dispersed Ownership structure. In this article we have made an attempt to systematically review each paper and analyze the impact of Banks Ownership structure on the performance and profitability of the Banks in emerging economies and also the common methodologies and models used by the research scholars in their work. Thus, presenting a systematic review paper. In line with the literature, we present the following analyses of the Scholars. Concentrated Ownership structure leads to increase in Bank’s value & Performance & is also highly profitable whereas banks with Dispersed ownership structure are said to have lower return on asset & high performance & banks with Moderate ownership structure would lead to increase in return on equity. Government Owned banks on the other hand are proved to have higher credit risk, & higher insolvency risk & also have efficient loan quality and finally Foreign Ownership is said to have higher efficiency and competitiveness.

Technology transition is norm for any business survival and growth. Across the globe business environment doesn’t permit any leverage on technology adoption.  The recent pandemic further made it mandatory for every organization to transform into technology enabled business operation. Many sectors were forced to adopt faster technology change to keep pace of business. Banking sector is no exception for this. After merging under single umbrella SBI has initiated technology transition and attempting to offer technology at fingertips both for its employees and customers. In recent press release SBI announced adoption of automation, AI and Machine learning in most of its back-end jobs for operational efficiency and cost advantage. These initiatives cannot be deployed in isolation; it has to have human interface to complete business process. And natural human response for any change is resistance. This is not easier transition rather this is continuous process with many challenges. The major issues are employees’ adoptability to the changing technology in the job performance. Individual perception and intentions are major determinant factors for any technology adoption. Technology Adoption Model elaborately explains human behavioral responses to new technology. Perceived usefulness and Perceived ease of use are two major attributes to the behavior intentions. This study attempts to test these attributes among bank employees with respect to implementation of information technology in banking service. Resistance for any change is human nature, but preparedness to overcome this resistance is need of hour for organizational and employee survival.

This paper demonstrates the impact of lockdown in Indian economy particularly on automobile sector. The outcome proves that depending on the period of the lockdown, the Indian economy expected to face a loss of about 10-31% of its Gross Domestic Product and production loss is estimated on automobile sector is Rs 2300 crore per day. This study discusses the impact of covid-19 on economy, particularly on automotive sector. This is a secondary research work wherein aim is to study the potential impact of the novel covid-19 on automotive sector. The methodology adopted includes in-depth review and analysis of various reputed published journals, research works, articles, news paper reports and web sources. The study concludes that impact of corona virus is long term and adverse.  It is the turn of Indian automotive industry to grab opportunities and flourish.

The objectives of this research are: 1) To study the management problems of Public and Private Sector’s management at Mekong River during 2020, 2) To study methods Procedures and processes of Public and Private Sector’s Management at Mekong River, and 3) To present the guidelines and recommendations for the management of Public and Private Sector’s Management at Mekong River. The qualitative research is employed to the data by documents analysis of document data, the researcher has studied and analysis from articles, textbooks, journals, online media and related research. The results of the study showed that: Management problems of Public and Private Sector’s management at Mekong River during 2020. The Public should pay more attention to the protection of impacts on people along the Mekong River. In order to make the management most efficient and have the least impact on people under today's extremely changing environment. Methods and management, The Basin Development Strategy BDS 2021-2030 should be established with stakeholders from 4 member countries: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam by collaborations from the Mekong River Commission, a civil society NGO Project developer and the Private sector participate and find guidelines and recommendations, The Creating a mechanism to drive water resources management approach Both at the policy level and at the local level This will be the beginning of a strong community network. Especially to alert and monitor the water situation in the area to Public agencies for the benefit of efficient water management planning methods procedures and processes.

This research paper would discuss the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in stock market modelling, sales forecasting, and market segmentation problems, with a focus on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and fuzzy logic. Backpropagation algorithms were used to solve the first two problems, while self-organizing maps were used to solve the third (SOM).

The study is based on a combination of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) to assess the perception and attitude of supporting of enterprises regarding the continued application of e-tax in Vietnam. Based on the reliability analysis of Cronbach's Alpha, EFA analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis, the research will provide experimental evidence to determine the level of perception and attitude of supporting of the enterprises, and factors affecting the perception and attitude of continued applying e-tax. The results show that the perception and attitude of continued applying e-tax of enterprises are on average level; attitude towards the continued application of e-tax by enterprises is positively influenced by perceptions of the benefits of e-tax, the compliance of e-tax, the ease of use of e-tax and negatively affected by the perceived risk of e-tax; the intention to continue applying e-tax is strongly influenced by (1) the attitude of continued use, (2) behavioral attitudes and (3) voluntary attitude of continued application of e-tax. Based on the results of analysis and verification of survey data, the study proposes appropriate recommendations to maintain and develop the application of e-tax in Vietnam; contribute to tax administrative reform; facilitate enterprises in tax-paying; and improve the national competitiveness index in the tax field.

The electronic industry is on the rise across the world and India is no exception to it. The consumer craving for newer and better electronic devices has led to faster rate of obsolescence of such electronic items. The obsolete electronic items, once they reach their end of life stage, need to be discarded and treated as Electronic Waste or E-Waste. E-Waste has surfaced as a major issue due to multifold increase in its quantity in last decade. Similar trends have been observed in India. The State of Haryana being a host to IT and ITes sector is also contributing in generation of larger quantities of E-Waste. The paper attempts to check the level of consumer awareness about E-Waste on five parameters namely: nomenclature, visual, conceptual, causal and general awareness. The study aimed at finding whether any variation exists in the awareness level of rural and urban consumers of Haryana regarding E-Waste. Data has been collected from rural and urban users of electronic products. Data has been analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. The study depicted that though the overall awareness of consumers of electronic items is on the lower side, the awareness of urban respondents is slightly better than the respondents from rural background. The paper also proposes ways and means for the policy makers and implementers to increase the awareness among users of electronic products in Haryana.

Several studies have reported the willingness of consumers to pay a premium for green products. By adopting green practices, the firm not only opens a market for environment lovers, but also arouse a sort of public sentiment among existing consumers, and also generate positive cash flow. However, given the circumstances, we cannot accept all environmental claims made by firms at face value. There have been instances where firms have been using the concept of ‘green’ with an intention to mislead the customer. They seem to have been emphasizing on the green label as a method to build a false brand image. This is known as ‘green washing’. Going by the literature, there is no dearth for studies which have examined the antecedent of green purchase behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies on green washing practices followed by firms and its impact on the economy seem to be highly ignored. Accordingly, this study focuses on examining the impact of green washing on the economy. Further we also evaluate the reason why firms tend to go behind green washing and suggest ways to curb this tendency.

The understanding of the peculiarities of innovations and innovative development of the energy service enterprise has been outlined in the article. The essence of the concept of "innovation" has been determined. To improve approaches to innovative development of the enterprise, it has been proposed to consider innovation as a result (product, process, service). This article is aimed at solving the problems of the energy service market, in particular the management of enterprises that provide production processes in the power industry to improve the technical equipment of labor, the rational organization of the workplace.
The article presents the features of the formation of energy efficiency management strategy of enterprises using a comprehensive assessment of the internal and external environment based on sustainable development and practical approach combined with a comprehensive interpretation of the concept of energy efficiency management strategy of enterprises. The study takes into account the specificity through the emphasis on the system of areas (directions) to be managed in the framework of strategic management and provides references to the main characteristics associated with existing approaches to target effects and systemic, comprehensive approach to strategic management in this sphere.
A significant role is given to human resources in the mechanism of stimulating and motivating the energy efficiency of the enterprise, which is manifested in situations when the production process is energy-consuming or when the enterprise is a supplier of energy resources. It is in such areas of activity that every employee, regardless of management level, must understand the reasons for specific management actions, how their result will affect the results of work, and what will be the reward for it.

The importance of studying the professional and personal development of management level of law enforcement officers is due to the fact that scientific research today must take into account the constant complexity and updating of the content of official activities and the growing role of the human factor in a new, technically and information-intensive reality. The leader of the system of police organizations must be a professional, a leader who directs the activities of subordinate personnel by personal example, is ready for balanced risk, decision-making and self-development. Therefore, a research that would relate to the essential content of professional and personal development of a specialist becomes relevant, and the presented research is devoted to these aspects. The purpose of the research is to study the psychological characteristics of professional and personal development of leaders of law enforcement agencies in a comparative analysis with employees who do not perform managerial functions. The research is based on the use of a number of methods of psychological diagnosis, with the help of which 844 people, including 385 leaders and 459 employees of law enforcement agencies were examined. The obtained results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics. It is proved that the indicators of professional and personal development of management level representatives of law enforcement agencies differ from similar indicators of non-leaders in terms of quality and content, which is focused primarily on the implementation of managerial functions. Experimental data will contribute to the improvement of management theory and practice within the system of police organizations functioning.

The present study examined the memorable tourism experience of Kim et al (2012) dimension on memorable tripe experience, subjective well-being and revisit intention. The data were collected from 362 respondents through online among the tourist in Pondicherry, India. Structural equation modeling was adopted to test the hypotheses developed for the study. The result shown the subjective well-being acted as mediating dimension between memorable trip experience and revisit intention. All the four hypotheses developed for the study were accepted.

Currently, Malaysia is being faced with a high rate of unemployment among the graduates emerging from the higher educational institutions. This is one of the main social development problems facing by the Malaysian government. Graduates preference for paid employment over self-employment intention is one of the contributing factors to this current problem. The roles of universities promoting entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills to the students are increasing. This study is to analyse to moderate factor of university support to the relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intention. Several studies were selected for review, the findings of the study are supported by the application of relevant theories. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for future researchers to get an initial picture related to this issue.

In India, from the beginning, education is not considered as an investment. Education's role is of utmost importance in today's world as it leads to the overall development of an individual. As education provides human resources that lead to economic development, it is now a practical reality that much has to be done to uplift this sector towards new horizons of change. The Government tries to give importance to the educational sector, but this sector's allotment is comparatively less. After India's independence, the Government of India came up with various educational policies that give importance to the Universalization of education, raising the literacy level through the implementation of various programs, which is a great job. In recent times, the Government's new policy, i.e., National Education Policy 2020, has aimed to bring changes in the education field. In this article, school education reforms are given prominence, and 30 respondents are considered for the study.

Education in India has seen a frequent change from the history to the present. Education is not just learning the subjects like history, economics, mathematics, science, et cetera, but gaining relevant skills. Education helps to utilize resources successfully. Through the enhancement of education, individuals can gain knowledge and skills related to each subject. Through the development of education, a country can foster resources, and development can be achieved. India has now come up with new policies related to the education sector. Journey through the national education policy provides an overall view of all the policies which were introduced in India. At the same time, it showcases various committees and commissions set up to provide a better educational facility. In this particular research article, an outlook is provided over the meaning and the need of education policy. It also focuses on three major national education policies introduced by the Government of India in the previous years of 1968, 1986, and 2020. This article compares the objectives and other important factors of the three national education policies that have succeeded in bringing changes in the education sector from time to time.

The article highlights the actual problems of modernization and improving the quality of teaching English. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the most effective methods of teaching English in higher education. The implementation of this idea is impossible without the development and implementation of appropriate teaching technologies. High school should not be a preparation for life; high school should be life. This can be achieved through an innovative approach by creating an interactive environment. The paper discusses the features of the use of interactive teaching methods in the classroom in the English language, gives examples of them and analyzes the ways of their implementation. Particular attention is paid to the use of these technologies in the foreign language speech activity of students.

This study aims to measure cost and performance under the Activity Based Costing (ABC) technique with the economic value-added financial performance measure. The proposed ABC-and-EVA is an administrative support tool for cost and capital management. The integrated ABC-and-EVA input includes resource consumption rate as in traditional ABC technology, but it also includes capital resources. It is done by examining the cost of each activity in the first stage. The company’s capital information is then converted into capital charges to discuss the changes in final product costs and potential changes in performance.

In today’s day and age, art is no longer limited to museums and luxurious houses for people to showcase their wealth and accomplishments. Art now has a special significance as an investment. The features of art are also considered for increasing resale value. This paper discusses the most important factors for the valuation of art and various risks and considerations before investing. Financial returns can be calculated on the basis of various factors, such as artists’ name and fame, quality of painting, growth potential, etc. There are several contemporary Indian artists like M.F. Husain, who have set a unique benchmark in the art industry and whose art has brought the trend of art investment. This paper discusses the potential of upcoming artists as well as the trend of investing in M.F. Husain’s paintings. 

Without a woman, there would be no literature. Literature was created primarily for a woman, for a woman, to win her heart, to know what she wants, to understand what a woman is.  As Abdullah Qahhor said, the male bird also sings. Word art is, first of all, the work of a man, so the main problem that interests a person will be the main problem of literature. Therefore, the main character of literature, the main theme is a woman[1].

This article is to explores the teaching and learning history teachers in Malaysia. The article being a qualitative case study uses two data collecting approach namely observation and in-depth interview to collect data. Specifically, this article will explore integration of the Historical Thinking Skills (HTS) performed among history teachers in Malaysia who were selected using purposive sampling. First objective of this article are to identify the categories of Historical Thinking Skills (HTS) integrated by pre-service teachers. The other objectives of this article are to find out the categories of Historical Thinking Skills (HTS) often integrated by history teachers in Malaysia. A qualitative analysis showed that all four teachers focused on these two skills: discovering historical evidences and making interpretations. Out of the four participants, only one teacher focused on four skills during the observed lesson: discovering historical evidence, making interpretations, imagination and rationalizing facts in the lesson. This study provides an overall picture of the integration of the HTS by four selected teachers who emphasized on certain skills in their lessons. The implication of this study indicated that different teaching techniques were used by history teacher to facilitate the integration of various HTS in the teaching learning processes. Conclusion, the article provides a picture of the implementation of HTS in Malaysia and suggestions for integration thinking skills like historical thinking skills are offered.

The objective of this study are 1) To review the definition of organic farming 2) To investigate the international and local standard for organic food and 3) To compare gross margin between organic and inorganic paddy farming. Using field evaluation and interview techniques, this study conducted a study on 3 organic farms and 27 inorganic paddy farms in Malaysia. Two leading organic agriculture regulators in the world are IFOAM and USDA, IFOAM allows private standard setters to define their additional criteria and USDA does not allow others to set a standard that is above the federal. This study also laid out a few organic accreditations in several Asian countries including Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Japan, India, and China. Field evaluation of conventional and organic paddy plantation are discussed and it is found that organic plantation earned less gross margins (13.5 %) as compared to inorganic farming. This study may give some inputs for the Research and Development (R&D) department to improve the organic farming activities and how to reduce its cost and increase its gross margin. Organic farming is important as it is sustainable to lure bio-economy strategy and food security in Malaysia as laid out in National Agricultural Policy.

The purpose of this paper is to review the influence of national culture on employee participation in decision-making in the organization. A conceptual review was conducted to identify the existing research and literature on national culture towards employee participation. The articles were searched based on important keywords and relevance. Based on the previous literature, the results suggested that national culture appears as one of the important variables on employee participation in decision-making.  

The advance of neuroscience allowed neuromarketing to use neuroimaging tools, whether for marketing purposes or to study people's daily behaviour. As the main contribution, this review shows how to effectively employ neuroscience tools to understand an individual’s decision-making processes effectively. To this end, we will describe the period of neuromarketing development and its application in evaluating the perception towards marketing stimuli. After that, we will discuss the tools for measuring brain activity and non-brain activity, the pros and cons, what it measures, and when does it use each device. This paper will also discuss a series of publications related to the neuromarketing subject. Moreover, this paper will discuss the ethical issues raised by using these tools to assess human behaviour during purchase decisions. In conclusion, it will be discussed the challenges of this field and the possible future scenario.

The expansion in planned pattern occupies the north-eastern fringe of Kolkata by development of New Town area due to development of human settlement. It has led to the rise of temperature along with impervious surface, important in analysing the Urbanization and present day environmental condition. The Geospatial Technique helps in analysing the land use change pattern. It incorporates Landsat8 OLI of 2018,Landsat 7 ETM+ of 2010 satellite data. Software modelling is done followed by interpretation. The Built-up area Index (BI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) Index on temporal and spatial scale can justify the rate of increase in urbanized area along with rise of temperature. Urban Heat Island condition is analysed. It can predict probable impact on future climatic condition of Newtown location in Kolkata.

Wasatiyyah is the original nature of Islam, therefore Allah calls Muslims as ummatan wasatan. The principle of wasatiyyah is the reason why Islamic sharia can be relevant to be practiced anywhere and at all times, including in secular countries such as Singapore. This article discusses the concept of wasatiyyah implemented by MUIS and related institutions in governing the Muslim community in Singapore. The research method in this article is qualitative with a literature review approach. The collected data was analyzed using the opinion of scholars or experts in the field of sharia law. From the results of this study, the author concludes that in governing the Muslim community of Singapore, MUIS and related institutions have adopted the concept of wasatiyyah.

The aim of this paper is to examine various aspects of human behavior and its impact on personal and social life, with a focus on humility and arrogance. Attempt is also made to know the ways and means that can aid in the eradication of moral vices and the cultivation of moral virtues among individuals and societies. Pondering over the original texts, as well as their explanations provided by the scholars, the author has tried best to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature and essence of arrogance and humility, as well as their respective implications. The information gathered is organized systematically in accordance with academic norms. The texts as well as the human experience testify that arrogance is an abominable moral vice that breeds a slew of other moral vices, while humility is the most admirable moral virtue that fosters love and affection among individuals, resulting in mental peace and social solidarity. The paper would make a significant contribution in that it explains almost all the root causes of arrogance and then offers a list of seventeen remedies for removing it from one’s own self (nafs). On the other hand, readers will find a summary of the virtues and advantages of humility in both personal and social life. Furthermore, the remedies discussed for the eradication of arrogance will help us to cleanse ourselves of this spiritual affliction. The tips and methods for acquiring humility that have been discussed will allow us to adorn ourselves with good moral qualities.

The study intends to identify the linkages between black pepper price and its determinants.  Area harvested, production and yield of pepper are taken as the determinants of black pepper price in this study. The research is designed as a panel data analysis, using different estimators like random effect, fixed effect, mixed effect, generalised method of moments (GMM 1991 and GMM 1998) and panel quantile regression. Research design adopted is descriptive in nature. Analysis was done based on panel data of five pepper producing countries for a period of 51 years from 1969 to 2019. The study revealed that area and production are significant predictors of pepper price in all the countries, while yield cannot be considered as a significant determinant of pepper price across countries.

Internet of Things (IoT) has been the attention in the field of study of innovation. However, there is still lack of study in marketing, especially in the Southeast Asia context. This study strives to examine Internet of Things, specifically focused on Smart Homes in Malaysia context. Hence, this study tested the impact of antecedents and consequences of perceived value, supported by Value-Based Adoption Model (VAM). This study examines the conceptual framework using an online self-administered survey using 163 respondents and employed Smart PLS in analysing the data. The results of analysis showed that perceived fee is an important determinant for perceived value, and perceived value showed a significant positive impact on purchase intention towards Smart Homes. This study found perceived usefulness has been a significant predictor of perceived value; while perceived value showed significant positive impact on adoption intention.

Privatization can mean various things, like shifting from the public sector to the private sector. Since privatizing assets is essentially a sale to creators, the well-being will be redistributed to taxpayers, stockholders and workers. This information as a positive supplement for the conventional analysis of applied welfare economy. In both the developed and the developing economies, privatization was an important component of structural reform programs. This form of plan, by cutting excessive incentives, aims to improve microeconomic performance and stimulate economic growth and reducing government debt requirements. Empirical evidence corroborates the hypothesis, in that privatization boosts both competitive and monopoly income and effectiveness, but in this latter field the effect is lower. In addition to the portion that is clarified by rises in production which are their competitive power, complete privatisation has a stronger effect than partial privatisation and monopoly industries. For the architects of regulatory policies, this presents a major challenge, particularly in monopoly sectors. There is an ambiguous change in jobs at company level, although companies traded publicly show a real increase in employment levels after privatization. Some conclusive evidence can be taken from macroeconomic viewpoints, but patterns are positive with regard to deficit of the public sector, attractiveness of foreign direct investments and capitalization on the stock market. The challenges to successful privatization include corporate governance problems following privatization and legal changes in shareholders security.

The purpose of this paper aims to review the prior literature in examining the challenges and the roles that business education play in achieving sustainability. It also explains how internationalisation is applied to help business schools sustain in an ever-changing and global environment. Business education research shows that the extant of internationalisation has begun to expand since the mid-nineties. Broad differences of internationalisation approaches are taken in its internationalisation implementation among business education across the globe. Heading towards an emerging global knowledge economic world with an increasingly competitive global environment, changes is required in sustaining business education.  This force business schools to revise the purpose of its establishment to integrate the international dimension to the development of students' skills. Through the current global situation, there has been a high pressure and challenges for business education. These involved touching all elements of valued-added networks in its internationalisation for developments of global business graduates with skills for sustainability in business education.

The main objective of the research is to investigate the relationship and influence between strategic improvisation and entrepreneurial performance in the Ministry of Agriculture and to identify the nature and patterns of thinking prevailing at the leadership levels in the concerned ministry in order to identify appropriate procedures and practices that work to establish a culture of strategic improvisation and direct it towards enhancing entrepreneurial performance. Data were collected from (147) respondents represented by an intentional sample of the administrative leaderships and for data analysis, statistical programs (SPSS, AMOS) were employed by adopting appropriate statistical methods, and the results showed the correctness of correlations and influence at the level of major variables and sub-dimensions, which indicates the essential role of strategic improvisation to achieve entrepreneurial performance in the Ministry of Agriculture.

The exterior design of the vehicle and other internal components, such as the deflector attached to it, play a major role in aerodynamics. It has been noted that large numbers of light trucks without any aerodynamic features are produced and operated in the Indian subcontinent. The primary objective of this study is therefore to analyze the impact of aerodynamic devices or rails in Bangladesh and Pakistan on light-duty trucks. The study consisted of computer modeling, quick physical models manufacture and wind tunnel testing including CFD analysis. Nonetheless, in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, there are as yet a critical number of light trucks that are operational that is made by changing a Bedford J arrangement truck Analyzed and compared the drag forces produced by each model. The results show that aerodynamically efficient deflectors for most locally produced Bangladeshi and Pakistani trucks can improve the overall aerodynamic drag by up to 22 per cent. The aerodynamic fitting can reduce fuel consumption by 12 percent by replacing these deflectors.

With growing interest of analysts and researchers in social entrepreneurship, the hope for its rapid development is also increasing. Various research studies have discussed in detail how there exists a dire need for social enterprises to fill in the gap that traditional political and commercial solutions fail to do sufficiently. Thus the developing ecosystem of social enterprise is an answer to the grave problems of poverty, sanitation, education, health, unemployment etc. The approach of social enterprises where commercial strategies are applied to achieve social objectives, has gained so much attention its not something very new, but definitely effective in bringing change ( Rymsza, 2005; Thompson et al., 2000).  Social enterprises have the potential to provide unique, frugal and low cost potential solutions to various social problems through a pragmatic market approach. Their way of working targets two concerns: birth of simpler and practical solutions to a severe problem such as invention of low cost incubators to be used in rural areas and financial sustainability of social enterprises ensuring their presence in the market. It will be fair to say that in the recent years of development, the field of social development has used ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) vary aptly from radios to mobile phones- to smart phone to create impact in the lives of human beings. ICT based devices and their application enable us to find novel commercial ideas, sustainable business models, and low cost strategies of scaling up. The flexibility and innovativeness of ICT make it a strong tool for social enterprises to experiment with and hence this powerful integration has resulted in some spectacular organisations providing solutions to some of the most critical issues such as poverty and education. The objective of this research paper is to analyse how the ICTs can support social enterprises to improve their performance, the impact creation and scaling of social enterprises through: • Analysis of different social enterprises with business models based on ICT have affected the performance and impact of the organisation • Analysis of efficient ICT tools that provide the boost in the design, management and performance of social enterprises

E-government essentially asserts the use of ICT, especially, use of internet to achieve better governments. Governments around the world, both developed and developing nations are trying to implement e-services. E-government is believed to enhance efficiency, transparency and facilitate the better work flow among public sector employees. However, the intentions of the public sector employees are influenced by several factors to adopt e-government. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the intention of the public sectors employees in Dhaka. TAM, DOI, UTAUT and UMEGA theories have been used to examine the factors. The factors which are derived from the literature are Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Compatibility, Attitude, Social Influence and Performance Expectancy. Smart PLS 3.0 has been used as statistical tool to analyze the data and tests the conceptual model by using structural equation modeling. The finding of the study reveals the significant factors influencing the intention of the public sector employees in Dhaka. Research implications of this study are discussed. 

The launch of 'Make in India' and 'Skill India' initiatives envisages establishment of high-class manufacturing facilities and enhancement of skills.  Although this will lead to improved manufacturing production, human resources could also be covered by enhancing the occupational health scenario. The present study was conducted to know the level of awareness about occupational health and hygiene among employees and to ascertain impact of occupational health and hygiene on productivity of women employees. Since the study was descriptive in nature hence descriptive research design was adopted to describe the occupational health Status of women employees. 40 samples were drawn from 350 women employees of Neo Foods Private Limited, Tumkur by adopting simple random sampling technique (Lottery method). From this study it was found that, occupational health and hygiene of working women was deteriorated due to not following proper measures in the industry.

On 1 February, 2021, on the grounds that the 2020 election was fraudulent in nature, Myanmar's military launched a coup and declared martial law, arresting major government leaders. Myanmar citizens have protested the coup through a movement of civil disobedience. The military, in turn, mobilized soldiers and police to curb the protests with force. The U.S. and South Korea immediately demanded that the military release the arrested government personnel, including Aung San Suu Kyi, whose reputation as a peacemaker and Nobel Prize winner had been tarred by her handling of the Rohingya refugee crisis in 2017. Among East Asian countries, South Korea is the only one wherein thousands of people, including President Moon Jae-in, have demonstrated their support for Myanmar's democratic movement. This study aims to understand why South Korea is alone among East Asian countries in their support of Myanmar's democratic movement. Additionally, we will investigate some crucial, socio-political implications underlying this support.

This article explores the knowledge and skills required to improve the skills of geography teachers today using geographic information systems. In addition, the article provides instructions for geography teachers on the use of information technology in teaching GIS. The article describes the problems of modern teaching of the course "Geographic Information Systems" and ways to solve them.

The understanding of the peculiarities of innovations and innovative development of the energy service enterprise has been outlined in the article. The essence of the concept of "innovation" has been determined. To improve approaches to innovative development of the enterprise, it has been proposed to consider innovation as a result (product, process, service). This article is aimed at solving the problems of the energy service market, in particular the management of enterprises that provide production processes in the power industry to improve the technical equipment of labor, the rational organization of the workplace.
The article presents the features of the formation of energy efficiency management strategy of enterprises using a comprehensive assessment of the internal and external environment based on sustainable development and practical approach combined with a comprehensive interpretation of the concept of energy efficiency management strategy of enterprises. The study takes into account the specificity through the emphasis on the system of areas (directions) to be managed in the framework of strategic management and provides references to the main characteristics associated with existing approaches to target effects and systemic, comprehensive approach to strategic management in this sphere.
A significant role is given to human resources in the mechanism of stimulating and motivating the energy efficiency of the enterprise, which is manifested in situations when the production process is energy-consuming or when the enterprise is a supplier of energy resources. It is in such areas of activity that every employee, regardless of management level, must understand the reasons for specific management actions, how their result will affect the results of work, and what will be the reward for it.

The age of middle school students is the age that is forming personality values. This is the transition period from children to adults, is the period of formation of personality values, rich in dreams, like to explore and explore, but lack of social understanding, lack of life experience, easy being manipulated and easily provoked, etc. Especially in the context of international integration, the market mechanism along with the explosion of information, the young generation is often affected by mixed positive and negative factors always placed in the situation of choosing values, coping with difficulties, challenges, and negative pressures, making the young generation show many signs of misconceptions and live away from prices. traditional ethical treatment, can be attracted to negative behaviors, violence, selfish lifestyle, hybrid, pragmatic, easy to develop personality deviation. The article researches and gives some solutions to limit current school violence and bring a better environment.

People of the Sultanate of Oman rely on retail hypermarkets to fulfill their basic needs including food products. To retain the customers’ loyalty and to retain the customers, it is important to satisfy the customers.  The retail and hypermarkets focus on finding out and measuring the elements to offer the customers with good quality products and services.  The objective of this study is to use the SERVQUAL model to understand the significance of various elements of customer satisfaction and how to accomplish the expected customer satisfaction by improving the services in Muscat. To achieve the objectives, the questionnaire was floated online and data was collected from the customers who visit the hypermarkets. The collected data was analyzed and the findings of the study show that the hypermarkets are delivering services of high quality which enabled the hypermarkets to keep customers as loyal with higher satisfaction. Regardless of this, the study found out that there is still room for progress in terms of improving the handling of customers by the employees to avoid the adverse effect on the hypermarkets’ revenue and operations.

Organizations are still grappling to understand the nuances of working of millennials so that HRM practices can be upgraded to handle their attraction and retention more effectively. There is an increased interest among practitioners and scholars to understand the impact of social work characteristics on various employee lifecycle touch points in order to make organizations more appealing to young employees. This study aims to empirically test the impact of social work characteristic on turnover intentions of millennials. The study was conducted in a manufacturing company which has various production facilities and sales branches across India with a sample size of 268 respondents. The study uses four social work characteristics – (i) Social support, (ii) Interdependence, (iii) Interaction outside the organization (iv) Feedback from others as antecedent constructs on turnover intention of millennials which is the out-come construct.  The findings of the study are consistent with the results of previous researches with significant managerial implications

Fixed point results  are established  at the basis of Banach contraction principle. Many authors extended this result in different form for different type of mappings in various ways according to their applications. The extension can be useful for uncertainty theory obtained by fuzzy sets and soft sets. In this paper, we establish a couple of fixed-point results for fuzzy iterated contraction in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Obtained results are generalization form of well-known results . The established  results can further be generalized for soft sets as  fixed point theorems for fuzzy soft sets or soft fuzzy sets. The couple fixed point theorems will be useful in the management study as well as in stock marketing.

Although consumers show high interest in as well as positive attitudes for organic food, the actual purchase of organic foods is regularly quite low. Previous studies have used the theory of planned behavior to explain consumers’ intention to buy organic food but have paid little attention on consumers’ trust. Literature also have emphasized that trust has been plating crucial role in making purchase decision. Hence, the study investigated the mediating role of consumer trust in making purchase decision on organic foods. A total of 159 customers from 3 supermarkets in Thai Nguyen province were elicited for the information needed in the study. Hayes’s bootstrapping procedure and corresponding SPSS macro was used to analyze the data. Results showed that trust has mediated between positive attitudes and intention to purchase organic foods. As subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have impacts on intention to buy organic food, trust also mediated these relationships. Therefore, in making purchase decisions, trust on the food has a major impact. Findings can be used to craft policies and innovations on organic foods to increase the trust of consumers thereby increasing organic consumption in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.

Business performance will be reflected via measures such as stock price, revenues and net profits, etc.
To be more competitive and have better performance, there are several factors that affect firm performance which need to be measured.
We mainly use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) with OLS regression and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods.
The research findings in the case of Quang Ngai Agricultural Products and Food JSC (APF) tell us that For internal factors: R, Rf and CPI has positive correlation with APF stock price. For external factors: exchange rate has more impacts (negative relationship) on stock price.
Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing competitiveness and business performance.

The development of new information and communication technologies has led to a fundamental transformation of commercial banks currently and in the future. This article studies the impact of ICT on the performance of commercial banks. By using data from 20 Vietnamese commercial banks in the 2007-2019 period and the ICTIndex set of indicators for commercial banks, we see that readiness for IT development and application has had a significant impact on bank performance, among other factors such as the size of the bank, the ratio of equity to total assets and the ratio of deposits to loans.

This study identifies scientific findings of the relationship between HR empowerment and technology skills to empower leadership skills in functional business areas. Scientists' advice shows a close relationship between HR governance and technological skills and the empowerment of leadership roles in the business world. For that, we reviewed dozens of international publications, and we specialized in around 50 preliminary formulation papers and problems and ten leading publications as important findings data. We chose data analysis utilizing the coding and in-depth interpretation for valid and reliable findings and answered the research questions. We are looking for data sources electronically on Google scholar, Publication ERIC, and Microsoft academic data sources from 2015 to 2021 so that the analyzed data is indeed updated. After reviewing the discussion, we can summarize the findings of published evidence stating that human resource management in the business world in the modern era requires technological power to work there truly compete because HR management is closely related to superior policies and practices businesses need. Thus this simple finding becomes an impactful input for researchers, university instructors, and another world of business practice.

Over the past three decades, poverty reduction has always been an area that has achieved many impressive successes in the economic development process of Vietnam. Along with high economic development, a series of policies on hunger eradication and poverty reduction has been implemented synchronously at all levels, provinces and cities nationwide with funding mobilized from the Government, communities and International social organizations have significantly improved the face of poverty in all regions of the country. Vietnam has become one of the leading countries in the Asia-Pacific region in applying multidimensional poverty measures to reduce poverty in all dimensions. The study focuses on analyzing the current situation of poverty reduction in Vietnam, thereby pointing out lessons learned to continue Vietnam’s poverty reduction strategy in the coming time.

Human resource is a decisive factor for the development of each industry, each country, each sub-region, including the Mekong sub-region tourism. Previously, the tourism industry of the countries in the sub-region had more or less cooperation in human resource development, but it was still limited and did not really meet the requirements. Therefore, it is very necessary to have many solutions for the above human resource development cooperation. After the Covid-19 pandemic, the world economy and countries in the Mekong River sub-region will recover and develop. This potential tourism industry needs to quickly grasp opportunities, exploit them effectively, which will be a great opportunity for the socio-economic development of countries in the Mekong sub-region.

Many higher education institutions have committed to the sustainability issues, however still these commitments unable to result with desired changes. It is crucial to recognize the changes in the education system that enable the institutions to understand the concept of sustainability. From the content analysis for each GCC country (United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Sultanate of Oman, Kuwait and Kingdom of Bahrain), with selected 10 higher education institutions the authors found that only 5% of the universities opted to use sustainability in their mission statements. The extended analysis of the vision statements, institutional goals and values widened commitment to sustainable development to 11.5%. Analysis also showed that mostly UN Sustainable Development Goals 1, 8 and 9 are addressed. Higher education institutions of GCC are slowly incorporating sustainable development values into their strategic statements. Universities may take decade for the implication of sustainability development. The depiction of sustainability scenarios through various policy implementations and incentive measures would provide university scholars, leaders and government policy to strategize future developments.

Place name is a symbol to describe geographic object. With the development and change of history, place name gradually gets strong national cultural characteristics. Comparing Chinese and Western place names, one can found that Chinese place names pay more attention to history and culture, while Western place names are more functional and pay more attention to rationality and practicality. This is related to the different historical and cultural backgrounds and national cultural psychology between China and the West.

One of the critical objectives of modern societies is promoting entrepreneurship as the basis of economic stability, which is accomplished developing the entrepreneurial way of thinking and entrepreneurial competences in the participants of economic processes. A growing number of people nowadays strive to accommodate business knowledge in their personal development. However, beyond business knowledge, the implementation of entrepreneurial initiatives also requires language competences; that is, the skills of communicating in various linguistic environments.
The purpose of this study is to establish the role of language competences for the development of entrepreneurial culture and the potential of implementation of international business projects.
The methods of qualitative content analysis and semantic analysis are used in this study to explore and provide insight to existing scientific concepts. The statistical method is used to consider the previously obtained analytical information. This made it possible to identify the need to develop language competences for entrepreneurial culture boosting.
Following the research, a conceptual model of building language competences has been proposed as a tool for developing an entrepreneurial culture in individuals

Introduction։ The right to education plays a key role in the system of formation, development and continuous activity of a citizen, as well as in the system of fundamental rights and freedoms a man and citizen. At present, in the Republic of Armenia (RA), at the level of laws and strategies, educational guarantees for persons held in penitentiary institutions have been established. Study purpose is to research up to present the historical development / history genesis of education in penitentiary institutions in the RA. Materials and methods։ The following methods were used, i.e. the study of documents related to educational programs implemented in penitentiary institutions of the RA, collection, generalization and analysis of primary statistical data. Results and Discussion. The history of education development in penitentiary institutions of the Republic of Armenia made it possible to conclude that 1)along with a decrease in the number of people in penitentiary institutions of the RA since 2000s, there has been an increase in the number of people involved in educational programs; 2) Despite the fact that non-formal education programs implemented by the state were initially initiated for minors and women, based on the dynamics of the last 5 years, it can be stated that they are becoming more common among adult men; 3) The steps taken by the state so far lead to the conclusion that there is a national mechanism for realizing the right to education of persons in penitentiary institutions.

The article is devoted to the study of models for resolving economic disputes by courts in the countries of the post-Soviet space (i.e. individual countries). Commercial courts should be viewed as a product of the historical development not only of the Soviet Union but also of European states since commercial courts first appeared in Western Europe and then spread throughout the continent. In this article, the authors examined the judicial systems of Ukraine, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Belarus. The choice of these states was made taking into account the fact that they were all part of the Soviet Union, that is, they had the same initial elements of the judicial system, but at the moment, economic disputes are resolved differently in all these states. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the following models of resolving economic disputes by courts can be distinguished as 1) economic disputes are resolved by economic courts based on the norms of the Economic Procedure Code (in this case, the status of economic courts can be determined in the Constitution or a special law); 2) economic disputes are resolved by economic courts based on the norms of the Civil Procedure Code; 3) economic disputes are resolved by general courts based on the norms of the Civil Procedure Code, and 4) certain economic disputes are resolved by the bankruptcy courts based on insolvency legislation.