Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government

The disruptions created by COVID-19 has lasting implications on the countries across the world. Apart from impacting key sectors of the economy, COVID has significantly affected the financial sector causing volatility and changes in asset valuation. There is no doubt that mutual funds still remain the popular mode of investment during COVID-19 followed by equities. However, shrinking fees, reducing profit margins and ever-changing investors preferences along with the pandemic imposed new set of challenges for the fund managers. Using data envelopment analysis, this paper examines the efficiency of open-ended equity funds and select debt schemes during COVID-19. The analysis reveals that during COVID, equity schemes pertaining to large and multi-cap segment were efficient. But the efficiency of mid and small cap equity schemes was affected due to the high expenses’ ratio and volatility. Interestingly, all open-ended debt schemes were efficient during COVID with mean efficiency score more than equity schemes. As no single fund house is found to be efficient in all the segments, the investor can pick efficient schemes to construct optimum portfolio of mutual funds

India is set to become the world’s youngest country with 64% of its population in the working age of 20-59 by 2020(19). This demographic dividend offers India an unprecedented edge & could add a significant 2% to the GDP growth rate. The country needs a productive workforce that can make a significant contribution to India’s economic development. With employability posing a major challenge and the kind of disruption that’s taking place across the world, lifelong learning seems to be the only way to stay employable in the future. Learnability is something, which everyone needs to emulate and practice i.e. youngsters need to increase their learnings; educators need to update themselves on a continuous basis and employers need to measure and facilitate learning by their employees. With the recent Covid-19 Global Pandemic, it is set to disrupt the conventional classroom teaching and open up new vistas for Learnability.
Skills development and employment generation are critical factors from a sustainability viewpoint. Hence, B-schools in particular & other stake holders in general need to pay attention to this aspect on priority, lest the promising advantage of demographic dividend might wither away. The purpose of the paper is to look at the concept of Learnability, its importance and its impact on employability. Secondly what's that B- schools need to do to improve Learnability. In the process, the authors also look some of the B- schools & their various initiatives taken in this regard. This is purely an exploratory study based on secondary data, review of literature and expected to emphasize on the importance of Learnability.

The aim of this study was to understand how most vulnerable section that is girl students classifies cybercrimes and security measures before and after advent of pandemic. In qualitative aspect, types of cybercrime and corresponding security measures were judged through personal interview of experts. The quantitative aspect used deduced dimensions to collect data from randomly selected 510 girl students from under-graduate colleges of nine major cities of Punjab. SEM analysis was applied to examine responses to latent dimensions. Four attributes of cybercrimes were classified, namely, stalking, privacy violation, financial risks and pornography. To counter these crimes three cyber security measures of general security, password protection and awareness about attacks were categorized. Lastly, significant difference was found between understanding of various cybercrimes and application of various security measures before and during pandemic

The research article is aimed at understanding, analysing and interpreting the impact of Pandemic on Financial Health of Families. Researcher has collected Primary data in this empirical study giving more insights and true picture of financial challenges and income volatility faced by families living in Palghar District. The district is relatively new and comes in rural belt. Therefore, it will also give reader (Corporates, Govt. Body, Academicians, Researchers and Citizens) knowledge and understanding of the financial implications in semi-urban and rural belt. The research covers key parameters and factors such as Earning members, Salary Cut, Borrowing, Change in Income and Loss of Employment which have significantly affected the financial health of family in the Palghar District.

The aim of this research paper is to study factors impacting digital payments in India during
the Covid-19 Pandemic. The paper has used Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis
(CFA), Multiple linear Regression, Chi Square Test, T-test ,ANOVA and descriptive statistics
for the purpose of analysis. The paper is analysed on a sample 300 respondents and data was
collected through a structured questionnaire. This study proposed the variables affecting the
digital payments during the pandemic after thorough analysis. The study found that there was
a spike in various digital payments usage for the customers during the pandemic due to
various safety concerns and lockdowns imposed by the government.The results show high
usage of various digital banking services by the customers during the pandemic.

The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extentthe business environment is affected by
the Covid-19 lockdownand to find out how businesses can go forwardby adopting the changes
rapidly by using different concepts and strategies like entrepreneurial mindset, and change
management, and crisis management. The sample size chosen for this research was 350
(including small, medium and large scale business enterprises operating in Pakistan). Data was
collected over the time period ranging from May 05, 2021, to June 30, 2021, by utilizing the
snow ball sampling technique.Our results show that business firms are dealing with multiple
challenges and issues.Collected data confirmed that business operations of firms were greatly
affected and the functioning of business is barely maintained. It was observed that business
operations of 91% of different firms cumulatively are seriously interrupted. Business units
believe that the top difficulty which is being faced by them is the negative effect of the
precautionary measures taken to respond to the pandemic. Businesses are working with multiple
strategies, to survive and enhance their stability to resistthe crisis.

As global economies started to shut down to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, this
changed businesses and consumers and how the two entities interacted. Disruptions in the
supply chain caused mass anxieties and people were reported to be hoarding essential
supplies such as toilet papers, food, and grocery items (The Times of India, 27 May 2020).
The contrary was observed in the long run and saving rates reportedly improved (Financial
Express, 1 June 2020). Scientific investigations into the short- and long-term effects of the
pandemic on consumer behaviour are the need of the hour. The present research aims to
contribute to this growing body of scientific knowledge by studying the short-term effects of
the pandemic on the impulsive buying tendency of women consumers of Mumbai, India. It
investigates how the experience of living with social restrictions and uncertainties might have
affected the impulsive buying tendencies of subject consumers and their consumption of
secondary need items such as clothes, personal care items, and luxuries. The research also
discusses the decision-making process of consumers when the subjects are on an impulsive
buying streak.

Due to the ongoing pandemic it has been decided by the authorities in major cities of Pakistan to impose new restrictions to indoor dining following a rise in coronavirus cases. The present study revolves around open-air restaurants' traits in COVID 19 in Pakistan connected with consumer perception related to their health awareness and hygiene quality. It also looks at one of the toughest challenges in the pandemic for open-air restaurants i.e. to follow the COVID 19 protocols while maintaining top-notch quality in food service and quality. Also, the customers' re-experience intention to a more considerable extent with respect to the restaurant's hygiene trust has also been discussed. The study finds the relationship between COVID-19 protocols, food quality, service
quality, hygiene trust, satisfaction and re-experiencing the same place. For this purpose, the data have been collected from 10 open air restaurants in Pakistan via survey. The results revealed that there lies a strong linkage between the above mentioned variables during the pandemic.

In India, many online teaching platforms are being used in universities, colleges, and schools at
all levels in the context of COVID-19. This research provides an online teaching platform
evaluation system in order to systematically investigate the elements that influence the selection
of online teaching platforms. Following a review of a series of factors that have significant
influences on the selection of online teaching platforms, eight major factors are identified. Based
on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a hierarchical structure model for online teaching platform
selection is constructed. Based on the questionnaire, the rank was the same with both methods
for the most preferred question and the least important question, which were derived from
Performance Expectancy (PE) and Use Behaviour, respectively (UB). These findings revealed
that both techniques produced the same rank for the five likert scale alternatives, with "Agree"
being the most important and "Strongly disagree" being the least important. In specifically, the
weights of the indicators are calculated and evaluated for each layer in order to achieve the
overall ranking and, as a result, the optimal scheme. The following is the order of priority for
assessment indicators of online teaching platforms, according to the findings: Google Classroom
is useful in this course since it is simple to use and has all of the materials that are required to
participate in Google Classroom (internet, Smartphone, laptop, etc.).

Background:COVID-19 disease is a new disease that is very important how Informing the patient
about it. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the experiences of the nurses’ staff
on how to inform the patient to get infected with COVID-19.
Methods:Twelve health care providers (8 nurses and 4 anesthesiologists) in a educational and
medical center in the city of Ilam in From February to June 2020participated in the study with
purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and the study began with
the open question,"Describe your experience of identifying the disease in patientswith COVID-19".
To analyze the data, the conventional qualitative content analysiswas performed.
Results: Participants in this study included 12 medical personnel, of which 7 (58.4%) were male
and 5 (41.6%) were female. Based on the findings, 2 main themes and 7 sub-themes were extracted.
The main themes extracted from this study include A) Passing the patient of the purgatory
ofCOVID-19 diagnosis including four sub-themes: 1) Waiting for a diagnosis, 2) Announcing
stepbystep the diagnosis, 3) giving information, 4) acceptance or resistance; B) Entering the
important others to the purgatory of COVID-19 diagnosisincluding three sub-themes: 1)Entering the
key family members, 2) Entering the physician, 3) Entering the relatives working as medical staff.
Conclusion:Diagnosing the disease of COVID-19 is like a purgatory for patient and staff. To help
the patient get through this purgatory, important others are introduced by the staff. Eventually the
patient either accepts the disease or resists accepting it.

Purpose:Customer satisfaction is always a great matter of concern for all the sellers and
academicians that how the perceived satisfaction level of customers can be judged in case of
online shopping. Present study is conducted in order to measure the level and to identify the most
important factors which are contributing in measurement of theperceived customer satisfaction
level towards online shopping experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Methodology:Both primary and secondary data are included in the study. Statistical
tool (SPSS-21) is used to run a statistical technique factor-analysis to identify most important
factors while one way ANOVA is used to find out the significant difference between means of
these factors and independence t-test is used to find out the significant difference between the
two factors.
Findings:This result showed that convenient and trust of online shopping, online shopping
features and benefits, fair functioning, secure payment options, product information, positive
online shopping experience and reliability of shopping were most important factors which
significantly affect the perceived customers’ satisfaction toward online shopping during COVID-
19 pandemic andit also reveals that the demographic factors taken in the study do not show much
of significant difference on satisfaction level of customers.

The aim of this research is to investigate the social responsibility of the consumers and their
intentions while purchasing household items during lockdown time. The COVID-19 pandemic
has forced to shut down all the regular activities and move onto online platform. But due to the
lack of consumer adoption to the online grocery market, peoples were forced to purchase
provisions and household items by approaching the nearest grocery shop. We conducted a survey
among 532 respondents living in Coimbatore District, using google forms to study the consumers
General Awareness about COVID-19, their opinion on Sense of control and also on their
survival mode. Based on the analysis, findings the researcher has given relevant suggestions. The
statistical tools used are Percentage Analysis, one way ANOVA, Z-Test and Chi-Square.

The purpose of this research paper was to suggest the optimum service level of queuing
system of reception and the outpatient department during COVID-19 pandemic. The data was
collected from the reception and OPD of the ABC public hospital of Hyderabad. Data
included, the arrival times, service times of patients and number of doctors and receptionist at
the workplace, their salaries and waiting cost of patients. Input analysis of patients` arrivals
and service was conducted by in input analyzer of Rockwell Arena software. TORA
optimization software was used for the calculation of performance measures. Various costs of
queuing system were calculated in MS Excel and the required graphs were also plotted. After
the in-depth analysis, it was revealed that one receptionist and one doctor should be increased
to bring optimality in the queuing system and patients` flow. After this decision, waiting cost
of patients decreased to greater extent.

This study uncovers the reality of the COVID-19 epidemic, acting as a significant hurdle for
small restaurants' sustainability.The study used a purely qualitative methodology dealing with
data collected from the industry to frame effective sustainability strategies to revamp the
business.Hence,in-depth interviews to capture the real problems faced by restaurants were
conducted.From the study, we understood that big citiessuch asChennai, Bengaluru and
Thiruvananthapuram took initiatives in the post-COVID-19 crisis to bring about changes in the
business process, giving importance to online ordering and delivery, new cuisines and more
hygienic transparency. Small cities such asCoimbatore, Thiruvallaand Kochi are still confident
of running their businesses, but there may not be a drastic change in the process. However, their
expectationsof helpfrom the government are high. Three major factors are being considered to be
cornerstone elements, which are health, cleanliness and hygiene. In this research, the scope is
limited only to restaurants in big and small cities, whilelarge-sized star category hotels have not
been considered.

This research paper analyzes Sustainable Supply Chain Management during and Post Covid-19. A novel Covid-19 has developed a great danger to the health of the people in the entire World and also severely affected 210 countries and its areas.  A profound problem disturbed social activities, global trade, industries and educational institutions by confinements and social distance.  An outbreak of Covid-19 has intensified human sorrows by economic loss.  The impacts are considerable on society, economy, health, environment and education.  Especially education was affected more compared to others.  Each and every country was trying to protect the disease transmission.  And government introduced many remedies like isolating, testing, treating patients, banning public groupings and lockdown for some months.  This paper focuses on higher education sustainability during and Post Covid-19.  It also presents the important objective to examine the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the educational sector. The paper highlights the experience of Yanbu University Colleges in Saudi Arabia. It purposes to give exploration idea for examining sustainability supply chain management  in a higher education especially during and Post Covid-19 situation.
 
 

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the number of domestic tourists, the unemployment rate, the value of exports, and cases of COVID-19 on the gross regional domestic product (GRDP)in DKI Jakarta during the face of COVID-19. The researchers used secondary data analysis and reviewed relevant literature studies. This study applied quantitative methods and used secondary data. The data wereobtained from the websites of the DKI Jakarta Central Statistics Agency and the DKI Jakarta COVID-19 Task Force. The data obtained were time-series data types in 2019-2020. Data analysis employed EViews9, anddata were analyzed utilizing a regression estimation model of time series with a quantitative approach. The results showed that during COVID-19, domestic tourist visits had a positive and insignificant effect on GRDP with a probability value of 0.2286. The unemployment rate and COVID-19 cases had a significant negative effect on GRDP with a probability value of -0.0003 and -0.0143, respectively. Meanwhile, exports had a significant positive effect on GRDP with a probability value of 0.0049. Besides, this research paper highlights an empirical analysis based on real data of tourism and socio-economics in DKI Jakarta.

This paper demonstrates the impact of lockdown in Indian economy particularly on automobile sector. The outcome proves that depending on the period of the lockdown, the Indian economy expected to face a loss of about 10-31% of its Gross Domestic Product and production loss is estimated on automobile sector is Rs 2300 crore per day. This study discusses the impact of covid-19 on economy, particularly on automotive sector. This is a secondary research work wherein aim is to study the potential impact of the novel covid-19 on automotive sector. The methodology adopted includes in-depth review and analysis of various reputed published journals, research works, articles, news paper reports and web sources. The study concludes that impact of corona virus is long term and adverse.  It is the turn of Indian automotive industry to grab opportunities and flourish.

Covid-19 widely known as (Corona Virus) had its fair share in disrupting the overall economic activities across the globe and so is in India. Banking and insurance sector largely regulate economic activities. In India, most of the economic activities are backed by the diversified small, medium, and big monetary institutions. As the economic witnessed standstill during lockdown, corporate and retail clients had posed credit risk for banks. Information technology and digitalized payment options supported in smooth transition and aided business continuity. Insurance as a commodity has gained prominence during and aftermath of the pandemic. Prior to the healthcare crisis, only 10 percent of people in India bought health insurance, now 71 percent and above people consider health insurance is necessary weapon to fight against the unforeseen pandemics like Covid-19. At this stage, it is important to understand the impact of such emergencies on banking and insurance sector to enable appropriate revival strategies to assure required economic support for business and country at large. This conceptual paper attempts to review and analyze the need for and revival strategies adopted in the banking and insurance sector. Framework for the study is built based on online and off-line literature review and the corporate white papers published. Further this study proposes strategies to fill the gap between economic need and operational functioning of the sectors. The scope of this paper would be to throw some light on the challenges faced by banking in the form of credit risk, NPA’s and Insurance sector in India and the measures for sustainable future.

Humanity is threatened by COVID-19 since 2019 with severe impact on human economic, social and environmental activities. The spread of pandemic is responsible for creating uncertainty and challenges for developing countries like Pakistan to achieve united nations sustainable development goals. It has a severe impact on every sector of country like tourism, trade, production, health and supply. This study focuses on exploring the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable goals of Pakistan and strategies adopted to cope with this pandemic.  SDGs provides guidelines, targets and implementation and financing strategies globally. By having systematic review of already published research articles from various databases were helpful in formulating recommendations to combat the impact of COVID-19 on attaining sustainable development goals. On the basis of available literature and systematic review it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally economically, socio economically emotionally and had severe impact on achieving sustainable development goals. Factors that create hurdles in achieving sustainable development goals in Pakistan are decline in international trade, decrease in remittances inflow, termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports and foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact.  This study would be an initiative for future sustainable progress in Pakistan and helpful for developing and implementing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of COVID-19 that delays the attainment of sustainable development goals in Pakistan.

The whole world has been disrupted by the pandemic of Covid-19. The lockdown in various countries has immensely affected the education of students. Students can no longer interact with their teacher on one to one basis. This has caused a shift from the traditional classrooms learning to the computer based learning and it may be the largest change in the educational system till date.  The online learning has become new normal in India due to pandemic, it becomes necessary to keep track of its growth & to find out whether it is capable of fulfilling student’s primary objective i.e. learning. Therefore, the present study was designed to understand and find out students point of view, perspective and objective on ground level. This study could be used in future to overcome the found limitations and help in implementing a more effective online education process for students of all levels.

COVID-19 has been declared and proven as a source of continuing global economic loss and world shattering over the last 100 years. This dilemma has encouraged global economy to run slow when international flights were shutdown, universities were closed, complete lockdown, ban on tourism and so on. This study aims at investigating economic perspective of Covid-19 on south Asian countries and revival measures adopted by them. Data was collected from already published research articles from various databases. By having a systematic review of latest related articles available online it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally. Factors responsible for such severe economic crisis are termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports, foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact. Implication of this study is useful in developing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of economic crisis on South Asian economies.

The global economy is suffering as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Because of the health and psychosocial issues, both private and public sector organizations are impacted. Leaders and employees must be committed, engaged, and supportive during this crucial process. To ensure that the overall process runs smoothly, leaders should act and energize on the same page and same attitudes, i.e., transformational leadership styles. Hence, this study attempted to examine the effect of transformational leadership on employee satisfaction during Covid-19, along with the mediating role of employee empowerment between the transformational leadership and employee satisfaction of employees working in public sector organizations. The results of this study revealed the positive association between characteristics of transformational leadership such as coping with uncertainty and ambiguity, guidance and support, risk management, and supporting teamwork, with job satisfaction. Moreover, the mediating results of this study show that employee empowerment significantly mediates the relationship between coping with uncertainty and ambiguity, guidance and support, risk management, and job satisfaction. The current study validates that the characteristics of transformational leadership have a strong effect on job satisfaction among public sector employees. Therefore, the role of transformational leaders during increased healthcare and psychosocial challenges is highly influential. The limitations and future recommendations are also conveyed in this study.

The outbreak of the pandemic brought the entire world to a complete stand-still and created
major disruptions in the lives of people globally. It also adversely affected the global economy
resulting in large scale job losses. Out of all the industries that suffered, the travel and tourism
industry was impacted the most owing to the lockdown and travel restrictions. As per a report by
the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTCC), COVID-19 has caused the tourism industry
almost USD 22 billion and a loss of almost 50 million jobs worldwide.

Covid-19 is the most widely used pandemic in the sector, a leading product in digital and digital
media, including advertising, marketing and marketing. But Covid-1. The effect is mostly
positive, not Covid-1. What other areas are about nations, human resources and tigers and so on.
While the virus generates a lot of health insurance, social life, economic stability, jobs, etc.
Intrastate, M., & Fuad, K. 2020, July stated that the list of customers and marketers. Covid-19 also
leads to behavioral changes such as working remotely, spending a lot of time indoors, napping,
learning recipes online, paying more attention to health and hygiene, prevention in
Behavioral changes are particularly prevalent on digital platforms and digital content and create
opportunities for marketers and brands to communicate digitally with customers more than ever.
There has been an increase in social media engagement and the desire for digital content digital
tools to sell many earning opportunities added Covid-1 at the same time. The strategy is based on
the corporate strategy, and the strategy is based on the strategic aims of the company.
The aim of this article is to highlight, analyze and understand the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on digital marketing and advertising in general

Paper provides an analysis of public debt problem in the Caucasusian countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia and Turkey during the economic crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discussed some closely related issues, sauch as inflation, economic growth, employment, international rankings and etc. The paper analysis the different realities and perspectives of current and future developments of COVID-19 pandemic on selected countries economy. While recognizing that public debt increase was unavoidable during the global pandemic challenge, paper concludes that its effectiveness is hugely depended on when global economy can finally overcome the fact of being a hostage of COVID-19.

In recent years, there has been increasing focus about how to adjust work and life responsibilities in both scholastic and political discussions. Work from home is one activity that has been advanced as a method of improving the work–life balance [1]. Considering this evidence this paper examines the work-life balance experiences of teachers who are working from home during the outbreak of Covid-19. Using the data from 72 teachers selected randomly from different educational institutions of Kerala, it explores the question of whether working (or not) from home improves or impairs teacher’s capacity to balance their work and life commitments. A Snowball sampling method is adopted for identifying respondents and Chi-square test is used for finding out the variable relationships. The outcomes of the study specify that working from home has a constructive impact on teacher’s work life Balance. In addition, the result also confirms that working from home certainly increases enthusiasm and satisfaction as teachers are getting more time to spend with their family. It is also found that the use of Information Technology tools in managing the life chores has a significant relationship with Work Life Balance

This research refers to how fragile the tourism economy of Ecuador is due to the effects of the
appearance of COVID-19, which is why it is proposed to estimate the context of the country’s
tourism crisis at the time of the coronavirus in 2020. The scope of the research is descriptive,
with a quantitative, comparative, cross-sectional approach with the use of descriptive figures and
bibliographic sources. A general breakdown of tourism in Ecuador in 2020 with a drop in GDP
of -11%, an increase in unemployment by 6.6%, more than 1.2 billion USD in losses and a
general breakdown of tourism companies, in addition to the contraction of prices of the sector of
-20.20%, with a GVA rate of -18.3% in food and beverage companies, and finally tourism
consumption was -0.065%, evidenced by a 98.4% reduction in tourism income international,
determining a cautious forecast of the reactivation of tourism to the year 2026 based on GDP
projections. This research contributes to the scientific knowledge of the economic tourism
phenomenon of Ecuador and will be used by universities, professors, students and the private
sector.

The article looks at the concept of social protection of population in a state of crisis and the
development of waysthe mechanism of social protection, which makes research topic relevant.
The scientific article gives scientific definitions to such categories as "social protection","social
policy" by various scholars and authors. In addition, the article groups social protection
programs, summarizes and comprehensively, analyzes the theoretical and scientific approaches
to improving their effectiveness.
Having done an extensive analysis of the research materials, the author makes a conclusion about
the urgency strengthening measures for social protection of the population in order to avoid
furthereconomic recession.

Relevance of Affect or Emotions is paramount in front-line jobs. Especially during times like these with the global spread of COVID-19, both mental and physical well-being of healthcare workers are at stake. Having to face hardships of treatment of infected patients, exhausted resources and fear of infection, doctors and paramedical staff need resolute and emotional composure more than ever. Our research aimed to understand the sequential effect of doctors’ emotional job demands on their emotional labor practices at work, emotional exhaustion and well-being. With data gathered from 332 doctors serving in 11 tertiary hospitals across Pakistan, we found that emotional job demands can lower doctors’ subjective, psychological and physical well-being, if they opt to use surface acting at work. However, showing genuine and natural emotions at workplace helps beat emotional exhaustion, thereby increasing the well-being levels. The study contributes to theory and practice by providing a detailed literary examination of emotions in healthcare context and suggesting ways to combat the adversities associated with the affective part of healthcare profession.

The five-time prayer is the essence of religion that must be performed daily. The impetus of
prayer to Muslims is to assure that human relationship with God is always close and hinders
one from performing sinful and evil acts. This fard (obligatory) prayer will be more
meaningful if performed in the congregation because of its abundant rewards instead of
individual prayers. Besides, congregational prayer can educate people to become human
beings sensitive to the sense of life as servants and absolutely in line with Maqasid Syariah’s
requirements. Nevertheless, currently, the whole world is hit by COVID-19 pandemic. Thus,
almost all Islamic countries’ governments must administer proactive steps by introducing
Movement Control Orders (PKP) to adjourn all religious activities, including mosque and
surau activities. This research aimed to analyse the need for congregational prayer in the
mosque or at home.Accordingly, it explained the rational arguments of the adjournment of all
worship houses’ activities during the pandemic. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative
method of literature review and document analysis. The outcomes revealed that although the
pandemic of the COVID-19 epidemic affects Islamic practices, its teachings persists through
mosques or surausin the form of a call to prayer every prayer time. Each state’s muftis must
deliver proactive steps in issuing fatwas to achieve the maslahahof life preservation from the
COVID-19 virus. Congregational prayers can continue but performed in their respective
homes. It is to ensure that the transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak is controlled and its
chain is broken.

In the wake of the economic changes brought about by the global COVID-19 pandemic, both states and
organizations unifying them, have taken urgent action to mitigate the socio-economic impact and support
economic recovery. Nevertheless, not all designed and implemented emergency measures have achieved the
desired results. The purpose of the research is therefore to examine the effectiveness of these measures. Due to
the limited amount of data, time period, and other conditions, only Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis
was used to achieve the goal. Summarizing the results of the study, it can be stated that the biggest influence on
the country's economy in the short term was the choice of measures to stimulate the country's economy after
COVID-19 virus, rather than the restriction of movement or the number of COVID-19 patients. However, the
wage subsidy used by most countries in the world has been identified as the best means of stabilizing the
economy in the short term.

Today’s era is very well-known as the electronic era or technology era as technology is growing at a very fast pace and today’s invention is tomorrow's ancient like this situation we are observing. As many changes are happening daily in technology as well as in the information technology world. During COVID-19, we know the importance of online/electronic resources is like a very vital need in education, as it acts as a very important educational tool for acquiring knowledge. One can use online/e-resources as a technological tool which can be helpful in developing reading habits too. A variety of characters of e-resources are available online like e-journals, e-books, online archive’s  such as DOAJ, Elsevier, J-Gate, ProQuest online databases, PDF Drives, MOOCs etc. are accessible online using electronic devices. Without wasting much time, money, everyone can take advantage of acquiring information worldwide. This paper explores the e-resource usage by graduate students considering demographic factors like age, gender and motives for e-resources usage. For this study data of 246 graduate students from various colleges from the Navi Mumbai region is collected and used for this study. The data analysis is done using descriptive statistics and chi square test. It is found that there is no significant difference between e-resource usage and gender. It is also found that there is an association between age and sources of getting e-resources.

This research is one of the most effective studies in Vietnam
using observed variables including tourism, agriculture, foreign direct
investment, energy consumption and economic development in the period
1990-2019. This work affirms the role of attracting foreign investment in
Vietnam in the past 20 years, from which we predict the same results in the
future. The research method used ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed
Lag)model, Bound Test, ECM model and Granger causality to explore the
short-run, long-run and causal relationships between them. The results
show that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) positively affects economic
development while energy consumption is in the opposite direction, energy
consumption exists a positive relationship to agricultural development
whereas tourism development exists a negative impact in terms of drought.
In addition, one-way causal relations are found that FDI promotes energy
consumption, economic development leads to increased energy
consumption and the promotion of tourism by energy consumption.
Thereby, we have given a number of solutions to increase attracting foreign
investment. In addition, we have proposed to open directions for improving
renewable capacity such as finding modern renewable energy sources for
agriculture and tourism development. Besides, we also show that the
impact of the Covid-19 pandemic globally, which has been start in progress
since 2019 until now.

Communities with low incomes are vulnerable when facing dangerous situations. The Novel Coronavirus or Covid-19 is one of the examples of natural hazards that have spread around the globe, including Malaysia. Following the rapid spread of Covid-19 around the world, Malaysia has taken precautionary measures by implementing the Movement Control Order (MCO). The aim was to curb the transmission of Covid-19 in the country. However, the implementation of MCO has changed the daily routine of the community in general, particularly the low-income community. Therefore, this study aims to identify the impact of MCO implementation from the aspects of health and social relationship among the B40 group in Kota Kinabalu city, Sabah. Apart from that, this study also aims to identify the variable relationship of the B40 group’s category of employment sectors with agreement towards the MCO implementation. This study utilised questionnaire survey methods to obtain data in the field. Questionnaire data were analysed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Technique, Crpss Tabulation Analysis, and Chi Square Test. The study found that the implementation of MCO brings positive benefits from the aspect of safety, health, and social relations among B40 group. The analysis also found that the majority of the respondents who work as civil servants are satisfied with the MCO implementation compared with respondents who are self-employed or business traders.

Clothing is considered to be evergreen until human being resides in this universe. Diversified apparels reveal the status of the people socially and economically. In today’s scenario, large number of people spends on their dressing which looks elegant, pretty, sparkling etc., One fact is hidden here about the weavers who brings out all these outcomes. As it is quite transparent that, in ancient days 3 occupations are considered to be major i.e. Food, Clothing and Shelter. To be focused on these 3 professions, Food is considered to be prime which is offered by Farmers, then comes clothing. Post Adam-Eve period, once human beings learned to behave in civilized manner, clothing plays honor part which is offered by weavers. Then to reside with safety and security, home/house is required which is offered by Mason. In this article, Researcher tried to dig on how the weavers are empowered currently which have reflection in economic development too. It is important to know about weaver’s contribution and the level of empowerment attained as the product from handloom industry has greater demand. Even many shifted to modern lives and wears, still unique place is there for traditional wear too which is to be acceptable without any hesitation

In the first MPC meeting held on 27.03.20, Finance Minister of India, Nirmala Sitharaman and the Governor of RBI, Shaktikanta Das announced a moratorium of three months on all loans and credit card instalments due between 1st March and 31st May initially, which was later extended to 31st August, in order to provide relief to the borrowers in the economy, in the current scenario of losses. Loans being on moratorium are sup-posed to have zero impact on the credit history of the borrower concerned, which means a no default situa-tion.
Now, banking sector, which is the backbone of any economy, will have to carry the burden of this year for many more years to come. In this paper, it has been attempted to study the impact of the decision of putting the loans on moratorium on the banking industry of India, adding to the ever existing issue of high NPAs.

The outbreak of Coronavirus has battered the Indian economy and IMF has projected that the
growth rate of India will contract by 4.5 percent in this fiscal year. The market sentiments over
the last few months have gone down. Financial markets are adversely affected by this pandemic
and the mutual fund industry is no more exception. The mutual fund industry is facing high
volatility due to this turmoil. This paper, therefore, aims to study empirically the impact of
COVID -19 on diverse aspects of different schemes of mutual funds. The paper is divided into
two parts i.e. the first part has analyzed mutual fund schemes from the perspective of several
folios, redemption/repurchase, and cash flows. The second part of the paper empirically drives
the impact of COVID-19 on various schemes of mutual funds by applying econometric dummy
variable regressions. The study concluded that COVID-19 has largely impacted the large-cap
schemes rather than mid and small-cap schemes. Further, funds i.e. DSP Midcap fund, Axis
Small-Cap, and Kotak Small-Cap funds had shown the positive impact of the crisis on the Net
Asset Values (NAVs) of the funds. Therefore, the investors long in other schemes could take a
short position in these schemes to get a considerable hedge against probable losses.

Recently, a major education crisis occurred around the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, Sri Lanka too, resorted to shutting down its universities. This created a need to find alternative learning methods to carry out educational activities during a challenging period. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the readiness of undergraduates for blended learning. The structured questionnaire was shared online to collect the necessary data. The sample of 549 undergraduates representing all universities was selected for the study by applying the convenient sampling method. The student's readiness was assessed using 28 questions. All of them had at least a smartphone to connect to the internet, but 48% of them had moderate speed internet connections. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that four factors are significant for readiness in learners' characteristics such as communication, interaction and study habits, technological skills, availability of resources, and their belief, in the blended learning method. Undergraduates' overall readiness percentage scores in four indicators were above 50% indicating a moderate amount of readiness in each area. According to the two-sample proportions test, among four areas, only readiness in resources and infrastructure was significantly different across gender. The majority of undergraduates preferred blended learning during the COVID-19. Although the government offers free internet service for educational websites, they should facilitate internet services to all areas in the country. Further, authorities in higher education would enhance students' awareness and skills on web-based learning.Additionally, undergraduates should be encouragedto adapt to blended learning during this type of challenging periods.

The Coronavirus (or Covid-19), which spread in early 2020, has resulted in a change of learning mode in known educational institutions where there is a shift from face-to-face to online learning. This study was conducted to identify the needs for developing mobile learning (m-learning) modules at the basic level for Arabic language among students as well as identifying the level of student acceptance for m-learning. A set of questionnaires was distributed to the respondents to identify the need for developing such m-learning. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS software and interpreted based on the total mean score and standard deviation. The study found that the respondents saw a great need at developing a module for basic level Arabic m-learning and were positive to use the latest technology in the learning process. This study proposes learning strategies and activities through m-learning that can be used throughout this pandemic in order to continue online teaching and learning sessions.

COVID-19 is observed as a significant economic threat for the economies across the globe. This research paper specifically focuses on the case of Jordon. It evaluates whether COVID-19 crisis has significantly affected the country's economy. Based on the objective, the study applies a quantitative methodology to assess the problem. It assumes stock market performance as a representation of economic performance and examines the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Jordon's Amman SE General Index price and returns. Considering the sample periods before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, the study finds that the COVID-19 period exhibit both lower index price and index returns at 0.01 level. Similarly, the impact of COVID-19's new cases is significant and negative on the performance of the stock market. Based on the findings, this research recommends to focus on COVID's negative economic implications.

Objective: The main objective of the research is to determine the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on job satisfaction of teachers during COVID-19.
Method: It is descriptive research for which data was collected between August 2020 and October 2020 through Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Due to preventive measures of Corona, data was collected through mail. Questionnaire was mailed to 160 teachers working in 7 different colleges of Northwestern region of India. The response rate was 63%. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), T-test and One-way ANOVA.
Result: The outcome of the research work shows no significant relation exist between demographic variables (gender, marital status, number of children, educational qualification and working duration) and job satisfaction of teachers.
Conclusion: Result of the study indicate that whether one is male or female, married or unmarried, with children or without children, with different education qualification and working duration, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence their job satisfaction.

At the beginning of 2020, China declared a state of emergency due to the spread of the new Corona virus in Wuhan, which is one of its largest major industrial cities, and the new disease was soon detected as an epidemic in China, and on March 11, the World Health Organization classified COVID-19. However, it is a pandemic due to the large increase in the number of cases infected with this disease in all countries of the world. Based on the precautionary measures taken by all countries to limit the spread of the virus, and considering the aviation sector is the fastest means of transmission around the world, flights of this sector have been suspended between all countries in order to contain the epidemic.

The Pandemic Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 has
impacted not only the developing countries but the whole world. It has affected each aspect
whether it is Education, Economy, Social life, etc. In every sector we are adopting digital
technologies. The education sector has also adopted new paradigms for imparting
knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional medium to virtual classrooms.
All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are
adopting new pedagogies to cater to this situation and keep continuity in providing
knowledge to its students. Many research works have been done by researchers to know the
challenges of online education system. The present study summarises the challenges faced
by students in this virtual classroom environment. The researcher selected 16 papers and
articles published in various Journals, Scholarly Articles with the help of Google Scholar

Since the pandemic of Covid-19, working from home has become a new normal. A relative psychological feeling and understanding of an individual is job satisfaction. It varies depending on various factors that influence or contribute, such as physical, financial, technological, social, and psychological factors. The main goal of the research is to understand the difference in job satisfaction of urban working women from the IT sector in India in a pandemic situation based on two factors namely marital status and nature of family. The study was confined to the urban working women in the IT sector in the city of Pune, India.
This paper aims to study the impact of marital status and nature of family as a combined effect on the job satisfaction of female employees in the IT sector working from home during the pandemic situation of covid-19.
A questionnaire gathered primary data and the respondents were female IT sector employees in Pune. In this background the present study was undertaken to analyse job satisfaction of working women in the IT sector during a pandemic situation. The sample consists of 238 career women working in the IT Sector of Pune, India. The questionnaire was Circulated online through Google Form to 300 respondents and received 238 responses from them. The received data tested for data fitment and further interaction effect was found. The interaction effect results show that marital status and nature of family are significantly associated with job satisfaction of female working employees of the IT sector. It opens for a thought to start rethinking women employee job satisfaction in terms of formulating employee support programs to maintain their level of job satisfaction to enhance productivity.

Having markets locked, farmers truanting from fields and transit in cessation, is world economy likely to face a standstill? It can be the situation if synergistic steps are not taken to control the situation. The present study aims to unveil the repercussions of pandemics like COVID-19 on economy of developing countries like India. COVID-19 has not only imposed infrastructural demands on health care systems but also it is leading to escalation of economic costs in terms of suspended work schedules and disoriented productivity. It has been observed that regions which are having more economic integration with the world economy will be affected heavily as compared to regions which are less in integration with the outside world.

Every nations in this world is suffering from pandemic of COVID-19. COVID-19 started from Wuhan, China and now it is everywhere in the world. Social distance and hand-wash are two methods to prevent ourselves from this virus. The world is experience lockdown even though we are buying our daily needs and making payment for such items. Cash transfer process requires involvement of our hand to exchange and this process increases chances of spread of COVID-19. This study will explore the various expert’s advices and elaborate experiments on the process of spread of corona virus. This paper will also show how digital payment process prevent spread of contagious virus corona. The paper is literature based and findings have been made from secondary sources. The comments of doctors, experts, and scientists have been collected from new articles and websites. The finding of study shows the social distancing is best way to protect each other from COVID-19 and digital payment helps us to maintain social distancing during purchasing.

The aim of this paper is to capture the essence of the timeless wisdom imparted by Indian  scriptures and philosophy and use its wisdom for answering the novel consumerism in the wake of COVID-19 and provide a sustainable solution to the materialism ridden society. This paper addresses the issue of the new face of consumerism during the onset of COVID-19 in the perspective of ‘Aparigraha’ as taught by the ancient scripture Bhagwad Gita. Across the world people and governments are grappling with the issue of nouveau consumerism which is laden with hoarding, exploitation of resources, greed and materialism. Since the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19, there has been a slowdown in economy, downturn in the morale of people and stress is looming large among the masses. A new face of consumerism has already started emerging wherein people have become more conscious about their food habits, health, exercise and spending on consumables. In the COVID-19 era when the global economy has slowed down, the age-old philosophy as mentioned in verse 10 of Chapter 6 of Srimad Bhadwad Gita provides a ready solution. 

Amul is one of the top leading food brands in India. It is the brand due to which white revolution took place in India. At that time, Amul managed to associate village people to work for the brand and provide milk to their organisation which made Amul the top dairy product brand of the country. The marketing and advertising also helped the company to become the largest milk producer in India. The concept of using mascot Amul girl is one of the innovative ad campaigns. The marketing strategy used by the company is to create doodles on current happening. It helped brand to keep their target audience engaged. Amul creates illustrations on current events/ awareness issues and communicates through newspapers or social platforms to the consumers. Presently when there is a complete lockdown in the world due to COVID-19, the brand is spreading awareness on Coronavirus. It is dedicating its doodles to frontline fighters or people working from home to motivate them for their work. In this case study, the researcher closely observed the Amul campaign before and during the lockdown. The researcher analysed the Amul doodles posted in last 3 months that is February, March and April.

India’s bilateral relation with ASEAN has been growing ever since they entered into partnership. Based on the secondary data, the present study tries to put forward a comprehensive analysis of the emerging India-ASEAN trade and investment relations in the last few years. The paper further analyses the key challenges to this trade relation with special reference to the challenge posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. We have also discussed how India and ASEAN have mutually engaged with each other to fight back the pandemic to their best capacities. We also highlight the emerging opportunities for India and ASEAN. Ideas and perspectives are thus, explored in the present study in order to search for a collective solution to strengthen the economic ties between

The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an incredibly difficult business climate. Businesses are presented with many new challenges as international borders close, brick-and-mortar businesses shut their doors, and people are told to isolate at home. Many companies face temporary or even permanent closure, with staff facing months of financial uncertainty and concerns. Consumer behavior has been forced to immediately change on a massive scale. People in isolation or under lockdown cannot perform their usual routines, because local shops have been forced to close their doors for safety reasons. Concerns about the availability of goods have encouraged panic buying of items in bulk. Financial uncertainty and the prospect of a severe and long-term recession make for a stark backdrop, which has led to an impact on consumer outlook, perceptions, and behaviors.
Around the world, businesses that continue to operate seek the best ways to cope with the prevailing trading conditions and the best ways to adapt their strategies. However, no definite recommendation can be given, because the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. Hence, circumstances are changing fluidly on a daily basis. Defining a strategy now is difficult due to limited evidence or precedent to base assumptions on. Possible business and economic outcomes could be gauged by looking at data from countries that first suffered from the effects of COVID-19. Despite no guarantee that other countries will follow the same trajectory, an analysis of these countries can reveal useful patterns and insights.
This research attempts to explore the impacts of the extent of COVID-19 on the e-commerce firms in Saudi Arabia, where the five largest e-commerce firms in the Saudi Arabia were chosen in terms of incomes and market value, This research tests that e-commerce raised due to coronavirus.

The Pandemic Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 has
impacted not only the developing countries but the whole world. It has affected each aspect
whether it is Education, Economy, Social life, etc. In every sector we are adopting digital
technologies. The education sector has also adopted new paradigms for imparting
knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional medium to virtual classrooms.
All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are
adopting new pedagogies to cater to this situation and keep continuity in providing
knowledge to its students. Many research works have been done by researchers to know the
challenges of online education system. The present study summarises the challenges faced
by students in this virtual classroom environment. The researcher selected 16 papers and
articles published in various Journals, Scholarly Articles with the help of Google Scholar.

The aim of the study is to examine the opportunities and challenges of remote emergency learning with emphasis on language learning during COVID-19. Technology has assumed an even larger role in the education of our students amid a global pandemic. This is an unprecedented time where the universities around the world embraced online learning as the new normal. The research mainly investigates the learner’s views and perceptions of online learning, as well as its future potential in higher education and the impact of online learning on language learners. The study's emphasis on Blackboard (BB) stems from the fact that it is a widely used teaching and learning medium at many Saudi and foreign universities. For the same quantitative survey was done on the 226 students at King Khalid University undergraduate students. The findings also suggest that in times of lockdowns and social distancing due to COVID-19 pandemic, online learning which was obligatory was welcomed by students. The interview conducted with the respondents reveled that the direct contact with the professors was one of the motivational factors for them. In addition to tools, the findings reveal that faculty preparation, student accessibility, and motivation all play a role in ICT integrated learning.

Cornoavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was announced a "pandemic" by the
World Health Organization (WHO) towards the beginning of March 2020 which began
spreading from the Wuhan city of China. On worldwide level each nation has taken an
unbelievable measure to battle the difficult spread of the continuous episode. In India, the
case is most exceedingly terrible as India second on the worldwide file with most elevated
number of corona cases. Be that as it may, each state in the underlying stage found a way
to battle against the spread of Covid-19. This paper is aimed to dissect the degree of
mindfulness and readiness to battle against COVID-19 by the distinctive Indian states
through mindfulness crusades.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic was severe in most countries and in all sectors. The vulnerable is the SMEs. The objective of this study is to investigate the management response of SMEs for the difficulties they face through the pandemic. Qualitative research was used. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The questionnaire was designed to collect information about the demographic characteristic of SMEs owners, the operational difficulties, the financial difficulties and the management response to COVID-19. The questionnaire was distributed on a random sample of SMEs composed of 1321 owners. The questionnaire was distributed using electronic tools. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that SMEs owners faced many operational difficulties (workers overload, low production, customers interests change, and low flow of raw material) and financial difficulties (low sales, low cash flow, and low turnover). The highest management response by SMEs owners was through minimizing the workers wages to 50%, to register in Social Security Foundation to support their workers, decrease the expenses and the stored stocks.

Everything can be regained except the human body. Once it is lost, it can not be
obtained. It clearly shows the importance of health. So health is an important component
for the development of the society. ‘Health for All’ is one of the major objectives of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030. But in the year 2020 health is adversely
effected by COVID-19. As a result major health issues are pushed to back seat and it
became secondory for administration, for governments as well as for society too. Punjab is
also facing major health issues like drug addiction, cancer, tuberoculosis and other daily
pertaining health issues. Most of these issues are ignored because of COVID-19. This
pandemic compelled all governments and health workers to focus on COVID management.
This sitution not only effecing the masses general health, but also affects psychologically
and socially. It has affected the peoples’ behaviour and social dimensions also. The major
objectives of this study to know about role of media during COVID-19 and setting the
health agenda for masses and secondly trying to set up inter relationship between health
and communication. Researcherss have interviewed different health workers to analyse
their mind set about health and related issues. Also analysied government running
COVID-19 related schemes as secondary data. The study concludes that during COVID-19
health communication by health workers was completely focused on pandemic awarness
and precautions, but all other health issues are not on priority. Surprisingly majority of
grass root health workers are not aware of SDGs and health related targets. They are using
traditional along with digital mediums of communication. In one line it can be concluded
that, this year life survival is important rather than health agenda for all.

The world has been suffering from Corona pandemic called as COVID-19. It has spread to more than 170 nations with the death toll being massive. Several thousand people have also recovered. Many pharmaceutical companies are testing to develop medicines and vaccines to cure the disease, but success has not been achieved yet. Wuhan of China reported about it in December and today four month later life has started to revert to normalcy there but the world is gripped under curfews, lock-down which has brought financial slowdown and crippled economic growth. Stock markets are also not devoid of its impact. Different nations have extended help to each other but yet the overall impact of COVID-19 is immeasurable. The present paper is an attempt to study the impact of COVID-19 on stock exchanges across the world. The implication of this study is that the managers may think to provide a solution in this tumultuous situation.

When it comes to employment sector, there is an urgent need for wider investigations about the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment to explore possible damages to existing patterns of youth employability, and the alignment of government policy with institutional needs. This study is aimed to assess the short-term challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on the youth unemployment crisis in Nigeria. For this study, data from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) study and other published data from literature have been analyzed to determine the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on youth unemployment in Nigeria. From the analysis carried out, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment via difference-in-difference assessment shows that the Nigeria's unemployment rate ranked 30.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. The study reveals that the unemployment rate among young people that is, ages 15-34years is 30.1%, up from 26.7%. The study also finds that 64% of the considerably increased inflows from employment into unemployment were due to the COVID-19 shutdown measures. It has been also established in the study that as at the fourth quarter of 2020, youth unemployment rate rose to 30.1% indicating that about 22,764,614 million Nigerian youths remain unemployed. The study concludes that, in sum, the shutdown measures amplified increased unemployment in. The study recommended the participation of private companies amongst others, by creating jobs in averting the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on increased youth unemployment in the country.

The pandemic is  an outbreak of disease which spreads across a particular region or regions. The key features of pandemic include wide geographic extension, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness. It also involves minimal population immunity, infectiousness and contagiousness which helps us to understand what pandemics are and its effect on the public. Viral pathogens can transform quickly, which allows them to pass from wild animals to humans. These emerging diseases endanger human lives and have major socioeconomic impacts. The aim of the review is to know about the viral pandemics and its effect on the general public. Human behaviour and demographic factors significantly increase these risks, and the speed with which humans travel between continents can cause the runaway spread of pandemics. The literature review was carried from scopus and pubmed databases from 2000 till date. The viral pandemic disease and its effect on the general public is the outbreak of global scale. Children, older people, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are often affected by these pandemics. The cause, prevention and control of pandemics had been studied.

The Chinese-born Noval Corona infection disease (COVID-19) It has crossed borders exponentially, infecting individuals around the world.Health care staff face an unparalleled level of emotional pressure associated with COVID19 across technical and personal realms. The goal of this study was to find the impact of mental health on hospital personnel particularly in Andaman and Nicobar Islands government and private medical care frameworks. The examination consisted of 61 participants. Survey questionnaire was provided digitally and manually in person to the respondent. The pervasiveness of stress (37.2%), worry about relatives (41.0%) and isolation (36.1%) were accounted for in the study as an outcome. Protective measures while taking care of patients, checking manifestations, awareness programs, and strategic planning at hospitals should be done. Innovation should be implemented in the healthcare setting to improve the mental health of hospital personnel during pandemic.

Coronavirus disease COVID-19 is an infectious disease, first discovered in China. This outbreak of 2019 novel virus disease in China spread quickly worldwide. In 2002 the humankind first witnessed SARS-COV, and COV was believed to be zoonotic. The source of origination and transmission are important to determine and understand the virus and to discover new preventive strategies. Coronavirus being a highly mutable virus made it difficult for the discovery of the vaccine. Most of the people infected experience mild to moderate respiratory illness. Other common symptoms include fever, cough, and myalgia or fatigue. Some patients may have a headache or hemoptysis and can be relatively asymptomatic. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be aware of the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it transmits. The government has taken various health measures against the COVID19 outbreak like practising respiratory etiquette, quarantining and social distancing, practising 1m apart, use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, water sanitation, and hygiene, waste management, surface infection, hospital and home isolation, mental health management, immunization and ban on smoking and travel restrictions. The government thus implemented these measures and it is the role of every citizen to follow these measures and pave the way for a better living.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is very worrying for global public health. This pandemic fallout highlights how the failure in the urban ruling caused a social impact of threats facing the world. Despite all the threats, the well to do urban settlements manage to get through the difficulties with public benefits, education, and all other necessities of life and despite this progress seen in humanity, slum dwellers lack even the most basic public services i.e access to clean water and sanitation. Such unsanitary conditions due to failure of extension of cleaning sewage in clustered slum areas like in Chennai, the COVID-19 will take a toll and lead to massive community spread. The congestion has currently led to an easy spread and if not controlled by the people themselves with precautionary measures, the disease rate may doubly rise. It is therefore very much necessary to spread awareness regarding the massive pandemic COVID -19 to slums in Chennai as the control of the spread becomes impossible without each and everyone's support.

The pandemic of coronavirus has affected millions. The fast spreading virus has to be controlled and preventive measures should be taken. Since there is no vaccine or cure, sanitisers are 99.9% effective against germs and can kill SARS-COV2 by attacking its envelope. Usage of sanitiser is extremely important for the control of spread of coronavirus, and so, people should accordingly stock up on it. A survey questionnaire of 15 questions was conducted to test the awareness of properties of sanitisers and to encourage people to use them, among 100 random sample size belonging to the urban background. Majority of the people think that sanitisers are a convenient and effective way of fighting germs. Since they know that clean hands are the first line of defence in fighting infections, they use it often and accordingly stock up on PPE. Majority of people know the important facts about sanitisers and have started using them. Most people think that sanitisers are useful in controlling the spread of coronavirus and have accordingly increased their usage of it during the global pandemic.

Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used anti-malarial drug that has been under study for its effect against coronavirus. It has a wide range of applications for various reasons. It also causes certain side effects in the human body when consumed for long. HCQ has been a proven treatment plant for autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used anti-malarial drug. It possesses various benefits and is also used in autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is known to be a derivative of Chloroquine.  In this review, we aim to analyze the properties of HCQ, know about the side effects and understand its role in treating COVID-19 and summarize our observations. A systematic search strategy was employed and articles were found using keywords. Literature was taken from databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles that discussed the use of HCQ in COVID-19 were included. Other articles which had data regarding HCQ- side effects, structure and its applications were also included.  A total of about 70 articles were collected initially. Multiple articles were added later from other sources. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, more than 30 studies were finally obtained.This review summarized the use of HCQ in COVID-19. Its structure, and other roles in treatment of Autoimmune disorders were also discussed in detail. 

^{COVID 19 is due to SARS-CoV2 and has a  vital role as a  causative agent of a potentially fatal disease which targets the human respiratory system.  Generalized additive models are used to explore the effect of diurnal temperature, humidity on COVID 19. COVID 19 has played a crucial role in revitalizing the Earth causing enticed changes worldwide. Efforts have been made to prioritize investments for adopting a shift to cleaner energy alternatives, thereby sustaining human lives. COVID 19 has a positive impact on the global climatic conditions making it favorable for the inhabitants. There is a significant reduction in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of fossil fuels, coal, non-renewable resources, relative humidity, air pollution. The global calamity has led to a serious threat to human lives. To control the pandemic, special attention and efforts are taken to protect the person-to-person transmission. Social distancing must be maintained to prevent the spread of the disease. The only treatment option available is using broad-spectrum antiviral drugs such as  nucleoside analogs and also HIV-protease inhibitors that can alter the viral infection until the special antiviral agents are invented. The study aims to explore the associated climatic changes due to COVID-19.}

COVID -19 is a harmful virus. It is caused by SARS-CoV2 that is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Coronaviridae is the family to which it belongs. The study report says that SARS will also lead to complications such as MERS that is middle east respiratory syndrome. Worship places should be cleaned frequently if people are allowed to enter the holy places during the pandemic situation. The aim of the study is to find out whether COVID-19 patients attending religious gatherings lead to communal riots or not. A survey-based study consisting of self structured questionnaires was prepared and circulated through social networking. The results were collected and then analysed through SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was  used and p value was calculated.From the results obtained, we came to know that COVID-19 patients attending religious gatherings will pave the mark for the communal riots and people should avoid contact with the devotional objects and avoid contact with people attending religious faith services. Therefore we conclude that COVID 19 patients attending religious gatherings will be marked by the communal riots.

Bruxism is a disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of teeth which may be due to various etiological factors. Though various etiological factors have been associated, the exact cause is known. Stress has been positively associated with bruxism. The prevalence of bruxism is seen to be high in children and reduces with age. The lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 has been stressful for children and parents with the introduction of work from home for parents. This study was initiated to find if work from home is a stress factor for children with bruxism. An online survey link was shared to 156 parents of 6–8-year-old children who visited the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry. 111 parents responded to the survey. 71.2% of the parents found their children to be stressed of which 30.4% believed online classes and the lack of parental interaction due to work from home caused stress. 71.2% of the parents believed that consultation was necessary despite of lockdown. Within the limits of the study it has been found that work from home can be considered as a stress factor for children with sleep bruxism

Information on awareness of public towards viral infections, it’s coverage in general public, prevention of viral infection is like Covid-19 is the major challenge for every country and it formed the basis of healthcare forces. Therefore, it is important to assess the attitude and awareness towards viral infections after Covid-19 pandemic, for the further health policies implementation as well as taking safety measures and following the guidelines. The study objective was to assess the awareness about viral infections and its prevention among the public after Covid-19 pandemic, from the various places of the country. Study was carried out by using multiple-choice structured questionnaires among 119 attendees. The questionnaire was prepared in such a way as to assess the knowledge of the public towards the infection, transmission, screening and prevention of viral infections. The data was collected and it analyses statistically.Although most of the attendants were aware of the existence of COVID-19 and the many other viral infections, the level of awareness regarding prevention, transmission and following the safety guidelines was found to be dissatisfactory. Direct correlation was found between educational level and awareness, which reversed the fact that the attendants with better knowledge and information had better attitudes towards the infection and prevention of COVID-19. Within the limitations of the study, the moderate level of awareness about viral infections and prevention after COVID-19 pandemic is observed

Air pollution is one of the major problems of recent decades which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. Air pollution is defined as all destructive effects of any sources which contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere or deterioration of the ecosystem. Air pollution is caused by both human interventions and/or natural phenomena. Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. It is a type of environmental pollution that affects the air and is usually caused by smoke or other harmful gases. The sources of pollution vary from small units of cigarettes and natural sources such as volcanic activities to large volume of emission from motor engines of automobiles and industrial activities. During this lockdown period, there was a dramatic decrease in air pollution in different parts of the world. This is primarily due to lockdown of industrial establishments. The impact of human civilization during the pandemic provides evidentiary data. There was significant improvement in global air pollution.
The aim of this review is to understand the correlation between COVID-19 lockdown and its impact on air pollution.