Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government

In Vietnam, economic activity has so far been mainly based on the traditional approach,
which is linear economy. This is also the basic cause leading to the shortage of natural resources and
especially causing serious environmental pollution. In order to realize rapid and sustainable
development, to harmoniously deal with the relationship between economic growth and environmental
protection, to "do not trade off" economic growth with environmental pollution and degradation, to
switch to an eco-friendly economy. circular economy is the right direction. However, this
transformation requires seizing the opportunities and accepting the challenges that need to be overcome.
The article analyzes opportunities and challenges of circular economy development and proposes
solutions to promote circular economy development for Vietnam in the coming time.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a broad and deep influence on
all countries, is currently unfolding in a complex manner. The world economy has
entered a deep recession. Vietnam, a country with a high level of economic openness and
substantial international connectivity, has also been hit by the COVID-19 outbreak.
Vietnam's economy, on the other hand, has maintained its development, with an
anticipated GDP growth rate of 2,91 percent. Following the COVID-19 pandemic,
Vietnam is progressively becoming a promising market for attracting foreign direct
investment due to key socioeconomic policies and goals, as well as the country's
remarkable advantages and position in the international arena.

The study aimed to determine the factors influencing the level of application of
management accounting in feed production firms in Vietnam. Data were collected from the
survey of 228 feed production firms in Vietnam. The study employs the combination of
qualitative and quantitative methods with building multivariate regression models of
determinants affecting the application of management accounting in those firms. The
results contribute to building a multivariate regression model of factors affecting the
application of management accounting in food production firms. Based on the findings,
some recommendations are proposed for improving the effectiveness of applying
management accounting in Vietnamese food production firms.

President Ho Chi Minh, a hero of national liberation, a world cultural celebrity has
left us a huge and extremely valuable spiritual legacy, which we have not been able to exploit
the full extent of that heritage in both breadth and depth, including his ideology on medical
ethics. Researching on his medical ethics is important in improving the medical ethics of
Vietnamese doctors today.
The author uses the method of analysis, synthesis, and comparison of data sources to study
Ho Chi Minh's ideology on medical ethics. The research results show that Ho Chi Minh's
ideology on medical ethics shows the unity between morality and politics - a characteristic in
Ho Chi Minh's ideology, which is the revolutionary medical ethics in general and the medical
ethics of the socialist doctor, including ethical standards to regulate the perception and
behavior of doctors in relation to patients, profession, colleagues, society and themselves.

Among the great civilizations in the world, it is impossible not to mention India,
one of the cradles of Eastern civilization, the paradise land of many religious
philosophyschools. This is the place where a transcendent human being, a great spiritual
leader of mankind, was born Siddhattha Gotama - Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of the
Buddhist philosophical. The humanistic ideas of Buddhism have always had a positive
value on human life until now. The symbol “Lotus” is not only an auspicious image but
also represents the moral and human philosophies of Buddhism and the meaning of the
Lotus which is valuable to Vietnamese society in contributing to building the solidarity,
mutual love - the beauty of modern Vietnamese people and moral education for people
according to the motto of living a good life and promoting social progress.

Since startup has been becoming hot issue in many Vietnam universities and communities in recent years, we performed this study relating startup in minorities in such cities as Thai Nguyen city in the North of Vietnam.
By using mainly qualitative analysis, analytical, synthesis and inductive methods, this study specified that it is better to train and equip young people with startup experiences through mass media and through local youth union activities because they may lack of experiences. Next, it is necessary to train and propagate about the experiences of some young startup models in the area; set up startup groups and clubs at all levels, from commune / ward levels to support young people with startup knowledge for each specific field.
Finally, our study also propose conclusion with recommendations for startups.

In Vietnam, regulations on resignation, dismissal, and resignation are commonly used methods to replace the leadership position of officials for different reasons when the term is not over association or term of appointment. This article only focuses on the resignation of cadres because this is a new issue and very unlikely to be feasible in Vietnam in particular and countries of Eastern cultures. The author of the article will deeply analyze the causes of the weak situation in the resignation culture in Vietnam and propose solutions to ensure the feasibility of the resignation in the future. These solutions, if implemented, will be one of the best ways to screen and replace ineffective officials, fail to complete their tasks, and ensure their capacity, prestige, morality, and strength, etc. without waiting for the end of term, expiration of appointment, or the end of working age. Since then, the resignation will become a normal part of the work of the cadres and become the behavioral culture of the cadres.

Until now, Vietnam's economic activities have mainly relied on the traditional
approach, which is a linear economy. This is also the main cause leading to the shortage of
natural resources and serious environmental pollution. To overcome these problems,
countries in the world, including Vietnam, are moving towards a circular economic
development in order to solve the challenge between economic growth and environmental
protection, “without trade-off” growth. The economy with environmental pollution and
degradation. The World Economic Forum (WEF) also broadcast on its website in early
2020 calling “The world is in need of a cyclic economy”. In that economy, high-quality
human resources are becoming increasingly urgent. This study focuses on analyzing the
current situation of the circulation economy in Vietnam, the human resources in that
economy, thereby posing many issues that need to be discussed in order to develop a
circular economy in Vietnam today

Currently, FDI inflows in Vietnam has been increasing, during impacts from Covid 19 and China-US commerce war which facilitates opportunities for US and Chinese firms to enter Vietnam market to attract qualified labor sources at competitive salary.
From this fact, it is the time for us to consider to evaluate impacts from multi factors on Doing Business score (DB score) in the country.Authors use both qualitative, analytical and synthesis methods, combined with OLS regression method.  Research results show us that in a 4 factor model, Export and FDI registration and export have positive correlation with DB score, while CPI and Import have negative correlation with DB score. Next, we recognize that CPI and FDI registration have higher coefficient and impact on DB score.
Therefore, The authors propose recommendations for improving DB score in Vietnam from ex-import and FDI attracting policies. The model can be expanded and applied to other emerging markets.
JEL: E61, F21, M20

This study aims to assess the adoption of fair value accounting in Vietnam, and to forecast factors affecting the fair value (FV) application in Vietnamese listed companies. So, we used multivariate regression analysis to assess the impact of each factor on the application of fair value accounting in Vietnam, by implementing a survey of 203 accountants and directors of Vietnamese listed companies in the period from 2017 to 2019. The research results show that: for both small and medium sized enterprises and large enterprises, human resource factors have the strongest positive impact on FV application, followed by benefit factor. The factors of difficulties negatively affect this application. And, the active market factors have contradictory impacts between these two groups of enterprises. Our findings provide the significant perspectives of applying FV in Vietnamese companies, as well as different recommendations to Vietnamese policy makers in developing the legal accounting framework.
JEL classification: M41, Q56

What are macro effects on business performance indicators such as stock price in medicine sector and such firms such as Vimedimex (VMD) in Vietnam? Is it the time we propose better management model via analyzing business performance under macro factors effects?
This paper will use quantitative and qualitative analytical methods, such as synthesis and inductive, with OLS regression supported by Eviews.
First, we found that many macro factors have negative correlation with stock price of firm, VMD. Whereas Risk free rate (Rf) has positive correlation with stock price.
Next we discovered better business performance will be affected by better stock price management. Hence, management team need to predict effects from macro policies on their stock price as our suggested model.
We believe these findings could be used by companies and investors as a prediction of stock price management.

There are several factors affecting enhancing management capabilities of real estate companies in Vietnam. For instance: management of quality of construction and real estate projects, better organization of human resources, better practices of corporate governance, etc. With OLS regression method, the article suggests a total quality management perspective for managing real estate activities and propose recommendations for macro policies that affect firm performance. For instance, exchange rate policy need to be in favor of USD/VND just little bit while inflation policy need to be controlled well.  Moreover, Applying TQM not only improves the quality of products and services but also improves the operational efficiency of the whole system thanks to the principle of always doing the right thing the first time. Limitation of the research is that the model can be expanded for other markets.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or to what extent national culture influences
bilateral trade flows between Vietnam and its trading partners. Using a panel dataset of 52
countries from 2001 till 2011 and six cultural dimensions of Hofstede, the regression analysis
performed by gravity model shows that national culture and bilateral trade flows between
Vietnam and trading partners are significantly correlated. This study''s implications may help
macro-policy makers devise better export promotion policies and boost the volume of bilateral
trade between Vietnam and other countries around the world.

Business performance will be reflected via measures such as stock price, revenues and net profits, etc.
To be more competitive and have better performance, there are several factors that affect firm performance which need to be measured.
We mainly use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) with OLS regression and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods.
The research findings in the case of Quang Ngai Agricultural Products and Food JSC (APF) tell us that For internal factors: R, Rf and CPI has positive correlation with APF stock price. For external factors: exchange rate has more impacts (negative relationship) on stock price.
Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing competitiveness and business performance.

Saigon Hanoi bank (SHB) and Sacombank (STB) are two big listed banks who opened lots of branches and hold big market shares in Vietnam. This paper use quantitative and quantitative methods in order to estimate risks of these two banks and make comparison. Study findings show that market risk, beta CAPM of SHB bank higher than those of STB bank during pre-low (L) inflation stage, but lower during post low inflation time. Based on above results we can propose risk policies for banks, bank system, State bank and relevant agencies.

This research is one of the most effective studies in Vietnam
using observed variables including tourism, agriculture, foreign direct
investment, energy consumption and economic development in the period
1990-2019. This work affirms the role of attracting foreign investment in
Vietnam in the past 20 years, from which we predict the same results in the
future. The research method used ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed
Lag)model, Bound Test, ECM model and Granger causality to explore the
short-run, long-run and causal relationships between them. The results
show that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) positively affects economic
development while energy consumption is in the opposite direction, energy
consumption exists a positive relationship to agricultural development
whereas tourism development exists a negative impact in terms of drought.
In addition, one-way causal relations are found that FDI promotes energy
consumption, economic development leads to increased energy
consumption and the promotion of tourism by energy consumption.
Thereby, we have given a number of solutions to increase attracting foreign
investment. In addition, we have proposed to open directions for improving
renewable capacity such as finding modern renewable energy sources for
agriculture and tourism development. Besides, we also show that the
impact of the Covid-19 pandemic globally, which has been start in progress
since 2019 until now.

This paper aims to find out factors affecting decision making to join in community tourism via qualitative (analysis, synthesis) and quantitative methods. The Northwest of Vietnam is regarded as a region with sufficient and favorable conditions to develop community tourism. Accordingly, determining what factors affect the decisions of local people to participate in community tourism is of great significance in developing tourism and raising the competitiveness of tourism destinations in this region. On the basis of the collected primary and secondary data, the research paper has identified 4 factors affecting the decisions of local people to participate in community tourism, including: (1) Personal factors, (2) Attractiveness and images of tourism destinations in the Northwest, (3) Supports and investments from the State, local authorities, organization and enterprises in the Northwest, (4) Effects from people around; then proposed solutions to attract local people to participate in community tourism and develop this form of tourism sustainably in the Northwest of Vietnam in the coming time. For instance, we need to exploit the beauty of natural scenes of Nowthwestern mountains, forest and lakes with local attributes to reform a better community tourism in this region.

In this study we will categorize both macro factors and micro factors that affect banking policies  in agricultural development in emerging market such as Vietnam. We use qualitative analytical methods including synthesis and inductive methods, together with statistic data analysis. Our study shows results that agricultural development is much affected by macro factors such as GDP growth, land area and inflation and micro factors effects such as advice from experts and hi-tech application. Then, we also present results for bank policies for agricultural development on the country. Last but not least, we believe these findings could be used by banks, companies and borrowers in agriculture.

Vietcombank (VCB) and Vietinbank (CTG) are two big listed commercial banks in Vietnam banking industry. They are previous state-owned enterprises with big market share in local market.
This paper will use statistic, combined with synthesis, inductive and qualitative analysis to measure and evaluate beta CAPM of these 2 banks in2 special stages of domestic economy: pre-L and post-low (L) inflation time.
Research results show that during 2011-2020 period, most of time, beta CAPM of VCB is higher than those of CTG bank. Statistic chart give us warning that market risk of 2 banks is higher than 1.
Then these analysis can be used for policy implications. Business and banking is still growing so risk management is becoming meaningful for the financial industry.

Estimating Beta CAPM is a basis for evaluating market risk in the banking sector in Vietnam economy, esp. During pre-low (L) inflation time 2011-2015 and post-L inflation period 2015-2020. The more the economy growing, the more important the role of risk management in commercial bank. Also, the more transparent of financial data, the better the capital flows in the banking and financial market.
This research paper aims to figure out in 7 big listed banks in Vietnam including Vietcombank (VCB), Vietinbank (CTG), Asia Commercial Bank (ACB), Sacombank (STB), Navibank (NVB) now become National Citizen Bank, Eximbank (EIB) and Saigon Hanoi Bank (SHB), how much and what is the Weighted Beta CAPM formula based on firm or bank market value during the period 2011-2020 with semiannual data.
The result will be a measurement which help us to calculate macro effects on market risk in banking industry. Research findings show us that during post-low inflation time, weighted beta CAPM tends to increase higher, so bank system need to prepare to manage risk better.
Last but not least, Our recommendation can be used for reference in many other developing markets.
JEL classification numbers: M21, M1, G12, G30

Bank is a special corporation and plays a vital role in economic circulation. In order to achieve sustainable bank management in emerging markets such as Vietnam, this paper measures bank management capabilities in famous model under impacts of both macro internal and external variables during low inflation time 2015-2020 in the country. During covid 19 and US-China commerce war, analyzing these impacts to have a netter management plans are necessary for commercial banks to respond to economic recession and impacts from trade war.
In recent years, research scholars link banking sustainability with CSR and community and environment; however this study takes another macro approach to banking sustainability. This research paper aims to figure out what are recommendations to management better bank performance to respond to fluctuation sin macro conditions under the case of one of big listed Vietnam commercial bank, Saigon Hanoi Bank (SHB) during the low inflation period 2015-2020 with stock price weekly data.
We use an econometric model with Eviews to estimate impacts from 9 macro variables on Beta CAPM. We find out that bank management team need to pay attention to macro contex in which increasing VNIndex and lending rate and Risk free rate. 
Then, one of its major findings is the suggestion of macro and risk management policies for bank and relevant government agencies. Our recommendation can be used for reference in many other developing markets.
JEL classification numbers: M21, M1, G12, G30

Over the past three decades, poverty reduction has always been an area that has achieved many impressive successes in the economic development process of Vietnam. Along with high economic development, a series of policies on hunger eradication and poverty reduction has been implemented synchronously at all levels, provinces and cities nationwide with funding mobilized from the Government, communities and International social organizations have significantly improved the face of poverty in all regions of the country. Vietnam has become one of the leading countries in the Asia-Pacific region in applying multidimensional poverty measures to reduce poverty in all dimensions. The study focuses on analyzing the current situation of poverty reduction in Vietnam, thereby pointing out lessons learned to continue Vietnam’s poverty reduction strategy in the coming time.

Is it the time for us to evaluate roles of Vietnam commercial banks and importance of risk management activities? This paper uses both quantitative analysis with statistical data and charts, combined with qualitative analysis including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods in order to estimate and compare market risk via beta CAPM of Eximbank (EIB) and Asia Commercial Bank (ACB), 2 big listed joint stock banks in Vietnam. Research findings show us that market risk of Eximbank is higher and increase during post-low (L) inflation stage, compared to pre-L inflation time. Results may be used for policy implications and research models can be references for other countries including emerging markets.

In this study, the author has given different basis to build hypothesis and research models to find out the factors affecting the farmer's intention to follow organic agriculture. Firstly, this paper focuses on studying the relationship between attitudes, subjective norms and the ability to control over the intention of converting to organic farming. Secondly, the author studies the effects of comparative behavioral advantages, risk perception, and support policies from government on organic agricultural production. The main research subjects are factors affecting farmers' intention to produce organic agriculture. Hence, this research was conducted based on survey results among farmers. For the intention of adopting organic agriculture, the factor of comparative behavior advantage is considered as the strongest effect (β = 0.189) and the impact of other factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, the ability to control, personal standards, and the government' support policies is negligible. In particular, the study results show that there is no statistical evidences regarding risk perception has a direct and positive relationship with farmers' intention to produce organic agriculture among these farmers (β = 0.021, P-value> 0.05).
JEL: M21, G30

Vietnam experienced the year 2015 with low CPI as of 0.6%.  It is the time to suggest solutions to improve bank management and leadership in the country in a changing macro economic context. This paper evaluate bank risks in famous risk model under impacts of both macro internal and external variables during 2 special periods: pre-Low (L) inflation time 2011-2015and post-L time 2015-2020 in the country. Therefore, in our paper, we aims to measure and evaluate how much effects in the market risk of one of big listed Vietnam commercial bank, Asia Commercial Bank (ACB) during the 2 special periods with semiannual data. We use synthesis statistics methods, and dialectical materialism method, combined with econometric model with 9 macro variables, and figure out that lending rate and risk free rate has positive impacts with bank risk. It implies that increase in lending rate, together with decrease in Rf will increase market risk.
Then, we will suggest recommendations for improving bank management capabilities and relevant government agencies. Our recommendation can be used for reference in many other developing markets.
JEL classification numbers: M21, G12, G30, E58, E62

Vietnam has reached a low inflation rate of 06% in year 2015, so it is good to see what happen in bank management during the post- low (L) inflation time 2015-2020, in order to propose plans to maintain banking business management sustainability.
Within volatility of multi macro factors, this paper will estimate bank risks with Beta CAPM measurement in the nation in the above selected period.
Next step, we aims to measure and evaluate how much macro factors effects in the market risk of 7 big listed banks with semiannual data. We use synthesis statistics methods, and dialectical materialism method, combined with econometric model with 9 macro variables, and figure out that lending rate and risk free rate have inverse effects on market risk. It implies that increase in lending rate will cause market risk declines whereas increase in Rf will cause beta increases. 
Then, we will suggest recommendations for improving bank management capabilities for sustainable bank management and governance. We recognize that modern advanced bank management solutions are needed for incoming periods.
JEL classification numbers: M21, G12, G30, E58, E62

This study aims to define and quantify the factors affecting selecting the best car among the market''s available alternatives. Many criteria are involved while deciding to purchase the best car from various car models; therefore, car purchasing behaviour is a multi-criteria decision-making problem (MCDM). Proposed criteria are based on the customers’ survey when they are willing to purchase the cars, including Price, Branding, Safety, Performance, Exterior, Fuel efficiency, Maintainance cost, After-Sale Service, and Resale. In this study, the AHP technique calculates each criterion''s weight, and then Multi-Objective Optimization Ratio Analysis (MOORA) is employed to rank the car models in a numerical example from Vietnam. The results show that this proposed model can minimize the consumer effort to select a car and make accurate decisions. Furthermore, this study''s findings could provide car manufacturers with valuable insight into the criteria that reflect the customer''s assessment of the car selection process

In today's era, tourism has not only become a popular phenomenon, but also become a spearhead economic sector, as well as bringing huge financial resources to many countries, regions and territories around the world in which have Vietnam. Not only that, but tourism also creates many jobs, promotes the development of service industries in general, develops infrastructure and is also a means of promoting peace, cultural exchange; thereby creating intangible but durable values. Vietnam is a promising land with tourism traditions that are always associated with natural destinations, beaches, historical and cultural relics. Therefore, it is very important to focus on building and developing tourism destinations, at the same time building the right strategies suitable for each specific destination, contributing to development of the country. The paper is completed by analyzing and comparing the data of recent and previous research paper. The results show that Vietnam needs to have more practical solutions to make tourism industry much stronger.

The “catfish conflict” between Vietnam and the US was a crucial case for unbalanced relations between developing and developed countries. The conflict comprised two principal parts: (i) safety and phytosanitary (environmental and sanitary) measures; and (ii) technological trade barriers (catfish labelling regulations). This paper deals with and discusses the above two parts. The statements in this paper are based on WTO regulations, empirical evidence and personal data collected from 25 people in the Thot Not District of Can Tho City, Vietnam (i.e. fish farmers, producers and local authorities). The main purpose of this survey is to collect accurate information from relevant people on the side of Vietnam and verify data from other scientists on feed, fingerlings, methods for farming, catfish processing and so forth. By evaluating the facts and arguments on the two sides, the paper will strive for two purposes: (i) deciding whether or not the U.S rules are consistent with World Trade Organization law; and ii) investigating whether Vietnam can carry the issue into the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and benefit.

The study of the impact of state budget revenue on economic growth has an important role in evaluating state budget revenue effectiveness. The article evaluates the state budget revenue and tests the impact of state budget revenues on Vietnam's economic growth. With data collected for Vietnam from 1990 to 2019. The research variables are state budget revenue and Exchange rate, net domestic investment growth with the stationary test, and Autoregression distribution lag regression (ARDL). The ARDL model analysis results show that in the short-term, state budget revenue and exchange rate have a negative impact on the economic growth of Vietnam. In the long-term, state budget revenue and net domestic investment growth have a positive impact on economic growth, while the exchange rate does not affect economic growth. From these research results, the author also gives some policy implications based on state budget revenue, exchange rate, and net domestic investment growth to promote Vietnam's economic development sustainably.